Magnetic Particle Testing - Tecsud

Magnetic Particle
Testing
Ferroflux and Fluoflux are auxiliaries developed by Tiede for the non-destructive surface crack
detection using the magnetic particle inspection method. Products of diverse properties supplied in
small and big packing units are offered for diverse applications. Moreover, we produce also customer
specific test materials. Additionally, test pieces are offered allowing the control of the detactability of the
test liquid before and during the inspection procedure.

Wet Testing Method
suitable for
Ref. Packing Particle for suspension in Fluorescent Daylight conventional automatic
No. unit size oil water colour colour inspection inspection
Fluoflux powder
1 kg for 2500-5000 l of test liquid 601.1 1 kg-tin 3.0 µm * * yellow-green brown * –
Fluoflux powder
1 kg for 2500-5000 l of test liquid 601.2 1 kg-tin 8.3 µm * * bright green green * *
Fluoflux powder
1 kg for 2500-5000 l of test liquid 601.3 1 kg-tin 4.0 µm * * yellow-green olive-green * *
Ferroflux powder
1 kg for 100-200 l of test liquid 605.1 5 kg-bag 0.2 µm * * – black * –
Fluoflux high concentrate without additives
(wetting agent and rust inhibitor TN4, TR6
or TNR6 must be added separately)
1 l for 500-1000 l of water 604.1 1 l-bottle 3.0 µm – * yellow-green brown * –
Fluoflux paste
with wetting agent 612.10 100 g-tube
100 g for 100 l of test oil 612.11 1 kg-tin 3.0 µm * – yellow-green brown * –
Fluoflux concentrate
with wetting agent
1 l for 100 l of test oil 622.1 1 l-bottle 3.0 µm * – yellow-green brown * –
Additives
for wet testing method with water
to be used with above mentioned
Fluoflux resp. Ferroflux products
Spraying and
suitable for
Ref. Packing silicone- free from chlorides nitrite- suspension conventional automatic
No. unit free (halogens) free effect inspection inspection
Wetting agent with defoamer TN 4
1 l for 500-1000 l of water 608.1 1 l-bottle – * * very good * *
Wetting agent with defoamer TN 5
1 l for 500-1000 l of water 608.2 1 l-bottle * * * very good * *
Defoamer TS 4
1 l for 1000-10000 l of water 609.1 1 l-bottle – * * – * *
Defoamer TS 5
1 l for 500-1000 l of water 609.2 1 l-bottle * * * – * *
Rust inhibitor concentrate TR 6 618.10 1 l-bottle
1 l for 100-200 l of water 618.50 5 l-can
618.20 30 l-can * * * – * *
Wetting agent with defoamer
and rust inhibitor TNR 6
1 l for 100-200 l of water 617.10 1 l-bottle – * * good * *
Wetting agent with defoamer
and rust inhibitor TNR 7
1 l for 100-200 l of water 617.20 1 l-bottle * * * good * *
Test oils
for wet testing method with oil
to be used with above mentioned
Fluoflux products
Corrosion
suitable for
Ref. Packing fluores- Flash level according conventional automatic
No. unit cence-free point Viscosity to DIN 51360 inspection inspection
Test oil 620.1 30 l-can
620.2 200 l-barrel * 60° C 20° C: 2 cSt 0 * *
Safety test oil 620.10 30 l-can
620.20 200 l-barrel * >100° C 20° C: 3.3 cSt 0 * *

Test materials
Concentrates
for wet testing method
suitable for
Fluores- Day- sili- free from Corrosion
Ref. Packing Particle for suspension in cent- light cone- chlorides nitrite- level acc. to conventional automatic
No. unit size oil water colour colour free (halogens) free DIN 51360 inspection inspection
Fluoflux concentrate
with wetting agent,
defoamer and rust inhibitor 633.10 1 l-bottle yellow-
1 l for 50 l of water 633.50 5 l-can 3.0 µm – * green brown – * * 3 * *
Fluoflux concentrate
with wetting agent, defoamer
and strong rust inhibitor
1 l for 20-40 l of water 655.1 1 l-bottle yellow-
655.5 5 l-can 3.0 µm – * green brown * * * 0 * *
1 l for 40 l of water 655.2 1 l-bottle yellow-
655.25 5 l-can 3.0 µm – * green brown * * * 0 * *
Fluoflux concentrate
with increased powder, with
wetting agent, defoamer
and strong rust inhibitor 655.15 1 l-bottle yellow- 0 (40 l)
1 l for 40-80 l of water 655.55 5 l-can 3.0 µm – * green brown * * * 3 (80 l) * *
Ferroflux concentrate
with wetting agent,
defoamer and rust inhibitor,
1 l for 50 l of water 616.1 1 l-bottle 0.2 µm – * – black – * * 3 * –
Fluoflux suspension
ready-to-use 622.1 G 10 l-can 3.0 µm suspended in oil yellow- brown * * * – * –
green
Aerosols
for wet testing method
in oil
suitable for
Corrosion
Ref. Packing Particle Fluorescent Daylight carrier pro- level acc. to conventional automatic
No. unit size colour colour medium pellent DIN 51360 inspection inspection
Fluoflux magnetic 400 ml compr.
powder suspension 690.1 aerosol 3.0 µm yellow-green brown oil air 0 * –
Ferroflux magnetic 400 ml compr.
powder suspension 690.2 aerosol 0.2 µm – black oil air 0 * –
Dry Testing
Method
Accessories for magnetic particle testing
Special accessories
suitable for
Ref. Packing Particle Fluores- Daylight conventional automatic
No. unit size cent colour colour inspection inspection
Fluoflux powder - fine - 610.2 5 kg-bag 0.1 - 0.2 mm yellow-green – * –
Ferroflux powder 611.2 5 kg-bag 0.1 - 0.2 mm – grey * –
Ferroflux powder 611.04 5 kg-bag 0.15 mm – red * –
Ferroflux powder 611.03 5 kg-bag 0.15 mm – yellow * –
Background colour
System cleaner
to brighten the component surface
to clean and desinfect the test material tank
when Ferroflux powders are used
and the system
Colour: white
400-ml
Propellent: CFC-free 695.1 aerosol 1 l for 50-100 l of water 695.4 1 l-bottle
Special cleaner 400-ml Rust inhibitor concentrate US 1
for background colour white 695.2 aerosol for ultrasonic immersion techniques,
free from chlorides and halogens,
nitrite-free 640.5 5 l-can
1 l for 25-50 l of water 640.25 25 l-can
Do you have questions
as to our test liquids?
Our test liquid
department
(Tel. +49 (0) 7365 / 81-132)
will be pleased to assist
you for any further
information.
We are producing also
individual test liquids
specifically designed for
your requests.

Test piece
ASTM centrifuge tube
with stand
Ref. No. 135 015
The exact portion of magnetic
powders suspended in oil or
water can be determined with
the centrifuge tube.
If the concentration is correctly mixed,
a certain number of graduation marks
must be obtained after a settling time
of 30 minutes.
Magnetic particle suspensions already
circulating in pump circuits should no
longer be checked with the centrifuge
tube, because dirt paricles deteriorate
the result.
Reference test piece type 1
with reference photo
Ref. No. 135 012
acc. to. pr. EN ISO 9934-2 appendix B
(MTU No. 3)
When using magnetic paricle suspensions it is of overall
importance to check the indication efficiency of the test material.
Hydromechanical stresses in pump circuits, separated particles,
too weak or too concentrated test material mixture could affect the
operational efficiency. The test material is simply sprayed on the
test piece to see whether is still efficient.

Why is a defect indicated?
When a ferromagnetic material is magnetized, magnetic flux will
flow within the magnetically conducting medium. When the flux
lines meet an area of low magnetic conductivity, i.e. a surface
crack, the associated high magnetic resistance changes the flux
distribution.
The field lines in the sound
magnetic strayflux
material are diverted, a small
proportion passing through
the material defect, but the
majority are diverted out of
the surface to form a bridge
over the defect. The field lines
diverted out of the surface are
termed ”magnetic strayflux”
and form the basis of magnetic
powder techniques. With these techniques the magnetic strayflux
is identified by applying fine iron powder or iron-oxide powder
to the workpiece surface.
The magnetic strayflux lines are moving in a basically non-conducting
medium, and are therefore exposed to a relatively high magnetic
resistance.
To reduce this magnetic resistance the stray fields attract all the
nearest freely-moveable iron particles which combine to form a
magnetic bridge over the defect.
The combination in the shape of a powder pattern can be easily
identified as a defective area.
Physical basic conditions
What can be tested?
All ferromagnetic materials with a permeability of µ > 100.
The range of ferromagnetic materials includes:
• All types of steel and their alloys with the exception
of austenitic steels
• Cast iron
What can be detected?
All surface and near surface crack-type defects which, due to their
position and size, proportionally influence the magnetic field,
providing that the crack width-depth-length dimensions are in the
ratio > 1 – 10 – 50.
Indication sensitivity to near-surface defects and inclusions rapidly
reduces as their depth increases.
When can a defect be detected?
Optimum crack detection occurs when the magnetic field lines are
at right-angles to the defect. The angle between the field direction
and the expected defect position should not, however, be greater
than 30°.

Magnetisation techniques
in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9934-1
Yoke magnetisation
Alternating current yoke
Open W-yoke – A magnetic circuit, determined by the
mains frequency of 50/60 Hz is completed through air;
there is a constant field polarity reversal and with open
yokes the maximum clamping length = 1000 mm.
Closed W-yoke – A closed iron core is used and when
the test piece is clamped the majority of the magnetic
field lines are constrained within the iron core; an alternating
field can therefore be maintained over a larger
distance.
Maximum clamping length = 1200 mm
D.C. yoke
Arrangement for test units with D.C. yokes
Crack indications: Transverse cracks
Advantages:
• Robust construction
• Longest possible clamping lengths
Crack indication: Transverse cracks
Advantages:
• Uniform field distribution even with complicated
shaped parts with large cross-sectional changes.
• Can be adapted for induction fluxing techniques.
• Simple and rapid de-magnetisation of the test
piece.
Disadvantages:
• Expensive construction
• Limited clamping length
Disadvantages:
• Stray field formation at the rounded ends of
workpieces.
• Considerable field reduction with large
cross-sectional changes of the test piece.
• Expensive to de-magnetise the test piece.
Magnetisation with
current flowing conductor
Coil magnetisation (solid or moveable coil)
Crack indications: Transverse cracks
Indications at 90° to the magnetic field or in the
current direction i.e. in accordance with the
direction of the coil windings.
Criteria:
• When testing tubes in conjunction with alternating
current, only the outside surface is magnetised.
• Because the magnetic field lines are introduced at
right-angles to the plane surface of the material,
circular cracks may be indicated with reduced
sensitivity.
Straight-through-conductor
(Threading bar technique)
Crack indications: Longitudinal cracks
Internal and external, star-like cracks running from
the centre to the outside on the plane surface.
Advantages:
• Contactless magnetisation, and therefore no
danger of burning.
• When A.C. is used the tube is only internally
magnetised.
Direct fluxing
Axial direct fluxing
Crack indications: Longitudinal cracks
Indications at 90° to the magnetic field or in the
direction of the current i.e. in a direct line between
both contact poles.
Criteria:
• Crack indications at the contact points not possible.
• With dirty contact points there is a danger
of burning.
• With very high current strengths the test piece
heats up.
Induction fluxing
Requirements for carrying out induction fluxing
• Only closed ring or tube-shaped test pieces can
be inspected by means of the circulating induction
current.
• A dynamic field is necessary for the generation of an
induction current.
i.e. alternating current can only be used for induction
fluxing.
Crack indication: Circulating defects
All circulating defects, internal, external and at
both plane surfaces.
Advantages:
• Contactless magnetisation and therefore no
danger of burning.
• Good possiblities of combining with indirect
fluxing, for contactless detection of defects of all
directions (finished part testing).
11/02 · g+r
Tiede GmbH + Co · Bahnhofstr. 94-98 · D-73457 Essingen · Tel. +49 (0) 73 65/81-0 · Fax +49 (0) 73 65/81-449 · info@tiede.de · www.tiede.de

UV-LED- Portable light
UV-Lights
mit Netzteil
with mains supply
Ref.-No. 121200
with mains supply in a handy case
UV-LED
The Tiede portable UV-Light captivates with its totally
new UV-LED technique and its light and compact design.
It goes without saying that it meets the latest standards
and regulations.
with Accu Pack
Ref.-No. 121201
with Accu pack and battery charger
in a handy case
Features:
meets DGZfP-requirements
long life-time of light medium
compact design
emission only in the UV-A-range
no UV-B-portion, thus no health
hazard for the operator
UV-Intensity (distance 300 mm) 18 W/m²
clearly defined UV-A-range
no warm-up
no transformer, therefore
perfect for inspection in tanks
UV-LED an mains supply meets IP 65
Accu pack meets IP 54
The new Tiede UV-light can be operated with a 230 V mains supply or with a separate accu pack
We reserve the right of modifications serving the technical progress.

Accessories for the UV-LED
UV-Lights
Accu Pack
for the current supply of the UV-LED
Accumulator pack with 20 cells NiMH/2300 mAh.
Protection class: IP 54
Operating time of the lamp with fully charged accu pack with 40 % cycle time
approx. 8 h
The operation with accu pack in closed containers is absolute acceptable.
For the charging only the Tiede battery charger Ref.-No. 121207 must be used!
Ref.-No. 121 206
Battery Charger
for the accu pack of UV-LED. The battery charger must directly be connected
to the accumulator pack (without shiner feed line).
Ref.-No. 121 207
Mains Supply
110-240 V / 50/60 Hz
Protection class: IP 6´5
Operation in closed container
On Operation with power supply (in preparation) it is absolutely
necessary, that the power supply is outside of the closed container.
Ref.-No. 121 205
Shiner feed line
5 m
Ref.-No. 121 210
10 m
Ref.-No. 121 211
The new Tiede UV-light can be operated with a 230 V mains supply or with a separate accu pack.
We reserve the right of modifications serving the technical progress.

Pumps and Spraying Devices
for magnetic powder suspensions
The original TIEDE accessories presented in this leaflet are certified equipment and additional auxiliaries.
Each item has been tested in combination with TIEDE products and stand its test in the operational praxis.
Operation manuals are provided, as far as necessary.

Pumps and Spraying Devices
for magnetic powder suspensions
Plastic hand spray pump
Spray pressure agitated manual pump
• Adjustable spray jet
• Spray nozzle swiveling in any direction
• Capacity: 1 l
Ref.No. 129 402
Portable test liquid tank
• Complete with container and hand hose
• Capacity: 8 l
• Power supply: 3 x 400 V
(circuit breaker)
• Output quantity: 25 l/min. at 3 m throughput height
or 40 l/min. at 2 m throughput height
Ref.No. 129 410
230 V power supply available on request
Mobile test liquid tank
• Incl. light metal drip tray to recollect test liquid
to container
• Spraying via hand hose
• Capacity: 8 l
• Power supply: 3 x 400 V
(circuit breaker)
• Output quantity: 25 l/min. at 3 m throughput height
or 40 l/min. at 2 m throughput height
Ref.No. 129 415
230 V power supply available on request
Stationary test liquid container
• Stainless steel container
• Pump with cover can be easily removed
• Spraying via hand hose
• Capacity: 40 l
• Power supply: 3 x 400 V
(circuit breaker)
• Output quantity: 25 l/min. at 8 m throughput height
Ref.No. 129 420
Tiede GmbH + Co · Bahnhofstr. 94-98 · D-73457 Essingen · Tel. +49 (0) 73 65/81-0 · Fax +49 (0) 73 65/81-449 · www.tiede.de
09/03 · g+r

Magnetic field strength
measuring instrument
Measuring instrument
The new micro-processor controlled
Tiede FSM 2 magnetic field strength instrument
combines the advantages of the well-known
FSM-1, such as easy handling, reliability and
durability with the exiting new features to meet
the demanding requirements of the performance
standards in the non-destructive material testing
industry
Developed for use in the tough enviroment
of manufacturing industry, the new FSM 2
excels with important features:
• Measuring units:
kA/m , Amps/cm, Oe, T and G
• Measuring range:
0 to ± 400 Amps/cm
meets IP 65 (membrane keyboard)
• True-RMS of mixed fi elds
• Measuring value holding function
• D.C. fi eld measurement
• Function selection by menu control
• High-solution display 120 x 32 pixels
• Background illumination of display
• Automatic switch-off
• Battery level indication
• Battery and mains supply operation
• Optional RS 232 data transfer
The new FSM 2 is supplied in a carrying case including the mains supply unit, tangential field probe
and a 100 Amps/cm calibration standard.
Specifi cation subject to change without notice.
info@tiede.de to take an offer
Tiede GmbH + Co . Bahnhofstr. 94-98 . D-73457 Essingen . Tel. + 49 (0) 73 65/81-0 . Fax + 49 (0) 73 65/81-449 . www.tiede.de