WELCOME TO CHAFER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY We extend a ...

WELCOME TO CHAFER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 

We extend a warm and enthusiastic welcome as you consider how best 

to prepare to serve the Lord. 

The apostle Paul laid the foundation for Christian academic training 

when he commanded Timothy to teach faithful men who “will be able 

to teach others also” (2 Timothy 2:2). He followed the example of the 

Lord, who, while standing on the Mount of Olives, said, “If anyone 

thirsts, let him come to Me and drink. He who believes in me, as the 

Scripture has said, out of his heart will flow rivers of living water” 

(John 7:37b–38). By application, the Lord calls believers to learn 

(drink in the Word), as well as to serve and teach others (allow the 

living waters to flow from them). But training believers for the work of 

the ministry is not only a New Testament concept, as the Old 

Testament prophets Samuel and Elijah led training schools for the 

prophets. Chafer Theological Seminary (CTS) aspires to follow in this 

grand tradition. 

The purpose of seminaries has been to prepare men with the requisite 

spiritual gifts to be exegetes and expositors of Scripture from the 

original languages. This emphasis grew out of the conviction that the 

Word of God has the adequate and practical answers to all challenges 

in people’s lives. The founders of many seminaries viewed Greek and 

Hebrew as tools that allow one to delve deeper into the life-changing 

Word, which alone is able to equip believers “for every good work” (2 

Timothy 3:16–17) and is sufficient for “all things that pertain to life 

and godliness” (2 Peter 1:3). 

Because Chafer Theological Seminary embraces this objective, it 

makes the study of Greek and Hebrew, along with biblical theology 

and Christian framework, foundational to its program. 

We offer you an academically challenging biblical education that will 

enhance your ability to minister in today’s world. Whether you want to 

develop skills for vocational ministry or simply desire to know more 

about God’s Word, Chafer Theological Seminary is here to help you 

accomplish your goal. 

Dr. George E. Meisinger 

President

Page 2 Chafer Theological Seminary Catalog 2009-2011 

We chose to name our seminary after Lewis Sperry Chafer 

because we admire the Godly example he set, particularly 

his boldness in defense of God’s grace and his consistent 

reliance upon Scripture in a time when many had forsaken 

the gospel. Dr. Chafer championed the grace of God in 

salvation and in the Christian’s post conversion life. 

While many theologians take a more philosophical approach 

to their subject, Dr. Chafer took great pains to adhere to the 

text of Scripture as his guiding light. We thank God that 

Chafer set such a lofty goal, and we aspire to follow in his 

footsteps seeking to follow the same Scripture upon which 

he built his systematic Theology. 

Chafer was born in Ohio, the second of three children. His 

father, a pastor, died when he was 11 years old, leaving his 

mother to support the family by teaching school and keeping 

boarders in the family home. 

Ordained in 1900, he began his ministry in 1903 as an evangelist in Massachusetts where he became 

associated with Cyrus Scofield, who became his mentor. He aided Scofield in establishing the Philadelphia 

School of the Bible in 1913 (now Philadelphia Biblical University). From 1923 to 1925, he served as general 

secretary of the Central American Mission. 

When Scofield died in 1921, Chafer moved to Dallas, Texas to pastor the First Congregational Church of 

Dallas where Scofield had ministered. Then, in 1924, Chafer and his friend Dr. Griffith Thomas realized their 

vision of a theological seminary that would remain biblically rooted and founded Dallas Theological 

Seminary (originally Evangelical Theological College). Chafer served as its president and professor of 

Systematic Theology from 1924 until his death in August 1952. 

In 1947, Chafer completed his Systematic Theology in eight volumes, which has since been published 

unabridged in four volumes. This was the first premillennial, dispensational framework of Christian theology 

to be systematized into a single format. Because of his unwavering commitment to grace and biblical 

theology, Chafer Theological Seminary chose to name itself after this outstanding Christian leader. 

Chafer Theological Seminary 

3620 Wyoming Blvd. N.E., Ste. 226 

Albuquerque, NM 87111 

Phone: (505) 515-0221 

Fax: (505) 222-0538


TABLE OF C ONTENTS 

WELCOME FROM THE PRESIDENT ...............................................................................................1 

INTRODUCTION TO CHAFER SEMINARY ......................................................................................6 

CTS Distinctives .................................................................................................................................. 6 

History and Philosophy ........................................................................................................................ 6 

Brief History .................................................................................................................................. 6 

Our Philosophy ............................................................................................................................. 6 

Academic Calendar .............................................................................................................................. 8 

ACADEMICS ...................................................................................................................................9 

Areas of Academic Study ................................................................................................................... 10 

Curriculum for Developing Theology ................................................................................................ 11 

Licensing and Transfer of Credits ...................................................................................................... 11 

CTS Degree Programs ........................................................................................................................ 12 

Master of Biblical Studies (M.B.S.) Curriculum ......................................................................... 12 

Master of Theology (Th.M.) Curriculum ..................................................................................... 13 

Course Descriptions ........................................................................................................................... 14 

Study Skills .................................................................................................................................. 14 

Old Testament Studies ................................................................................................................. 14 

New Testament Studies ................................................................................................................ 15 

Biblical Studies ........................................................................................................................... 18 

Theological Studies ..................................................................................................................... 19 

Historical Theology ..................................................................................................................... 21 

Apologetics .................................................................................................................................. 22 

Jewish Studies ............................................................................................................................. 23 

Contemporary Issues ................................................................................................................... 24 

Distance Learning Courses ................................................................................................................. 25 

Academic Procedures ......................................................................................................................... 28 

Registration ................................................................................................................................. 28 

Academic Advising ...................................................................................................................... 28 

Audit Policy ................................................................................................................................. 28 

Independent Study ....................................................................................................................... 28 

Statute of Limitations for Degree Requirements ......................................................................... 28 

Graduation Requirements ........................................................................................................... 28 

ADMISSIONS................................................................................................................................ 30 

Preseminary Preparation ..................................................................................................................... 30 

Undergraduate Study .................................................................................................................. 30 

Language Classes ........................................................................................................................ 30 

Admissions Procedures ........................................................................................................................30 

Degree Admission ........................................................................................................................30 

Nonbaccalaureate Admission ...................................................................................................... 31 

Audit Admission .......................................................................................................................... 31 

Admission Deadlines.................................................................................................................... 31 

Transfer of Credit ........................................................................................................................ 32 

Validation of Courses and Advanced Standing............................................................................ 32 

Differences of Doctrinal Beliefs ......................................................................................................... 32 

Registration Procedures ...................................................................................................................... 33 

Classification of Students ................................................................................................................... 33 

Regular Students .......................................................................................................................... 33 

Nondegree Students ..................................................................................................................... 33 

Audit Students .............................................................................................................................. 33 

Financial Information ......................................................................................................................... 34


Fees .............................................................................................................................................. 34 

Tuition ......................................................................................................................................... 34 

Textbooks .................................................................................................................................... 34 

Refunds ........................................................................................................................................ 34 

Payment Options ..........................................................................................................................34 

FACULTY AND ADMINISTRATION.............................................................................................. 35 

Faculty ................................................................................................................................................ 36 

Adjunct Faculty................................................................................................................................... 36 

Administration .................................................................................................................................... 37 

Governing Board................................................................................................................................. 37 

STATEMENT OF DOCTRINE ....................................................................................................... 38 

Bibliology ........................................................................................................................................... 39 

Theology Proper ................................................................................................................................. 39 

Christology ......................................................................................................................................... 40 

Pneumatology ..................................................................................................................................... 40 

Angelology ......................................................................................................................................... 40 

Anthropology ...................................................................................................................................... 41 

Hamartiology ...................................................................................................................................... 41 

Soteriology ......................................................................................................................................... 41 

Dispensations ..................................................................................................................................... 42 

Ecclesiology ....................................................................................................................................... 43 

Eschatology ........................................................................................................................................ 43 

The Grace Responsibilities of Believers ............................................................................................. 44

INTRODUCTION TO CHAFER 

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY


I NTRODUCTION 

CTS DISTINCTIVES 

• Literal Hermeneutics. We apply a consistently literal (historical and grammatical) hermeneutic in 

every section of Scripture. 

• Emphasis on Greek and Hebrew Exegesis. We believe that teaching the Word of God from the 

original languages best builds believers in the faith for fruitful service. Therefore, Greek and Hebrew 

exegesis is foundational to our school’s educational program. 

• The Sufficiency of Scriptures. We believe in the complete adequacy of Scripture, for in it God has 

“given us all things that pertain to life and godliness.” We hold, therefore, that the Word of God by 

itself is sufficient to prepare a person for a lifetime of effective ministry. 

• Distinct Theology. As a result of our literal hermeneutic, we believe that Israel and the Church are 

distinct entities forever and that God’s purpose in history is to bring glory to Himself. 

• The Freeness of God’s Grace. We hold fast to “true grace”—that God saves mankind by grace 

alone through faith alone in Jesus Christ alone. No works before, during, or after the moment of 

initial faith in Christ contribute anything to the free gift of forgiveness and eternal life that one 

receives through faith in Jesus Christ. The absence of good works during or after the moment of faith 

subtracts nothing from one’s eternal position in Christ. However, good works determine whether a 

believer will receive eternal rewards. 

Brief History 

HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY 

The idea of Chafer Theological Seminary took shape in the minds of several seminary students between 1965 

and 1968. They noticed that at many schools only the most gifted mastered the biblical languages to the 

extent that they were able to use them as effective tools for a teaching ministry. Yet they believed it was 

important for graduates to have these tools at their disposal. While finishing their academic requirements and 

preparing for ordination, these students discussed the possibility of forming a seminary that would put a 

focused emphasis on the original languages and exegesis. 

In October 1992, several meetings took place during the National Teaching Pastors’ Conference in 

Huntington Beach, California. These former students and other like-minded pastors, after considerable 

discussion and prayer, determined that the time was ripe to start such a seminary. The Lord’s blessing was 

evident in that gifted teachers, administrative support, access to superb libraries, and an excellent location 

were immediately available. 

Our Philosophy 

We hold that a believer with the appropriate spiritual gifts at the time of new birth needs preparation for 

ministry. Scripture reveals a pattern of God using prepared men and women. We see this pattern in the 

examples of Moses, who did not begin his ministry until he was 80 years old, and Paul, who did not start his 

first missionary journey until more than 10 years after his conversion.


Those believers who receive pastoral/teaching gifts or who find themselves in leadership roles in the body of 

Christ will especially benefit from additional training in the proper handling of God’s Word. We believe that 

exegesis is an art, as well as a science. One acquires the basic tools during academic training, but proficiency 

is a lifelong process. It is our objective to provide students with thorough understanding of the foundational 

tools, as well as initial guidance in their application. Graduates will then have a lifetime to develop their skill, 

mastering the art of exegesis. 

In addition, we believe that preparation for ministry involves more than academic work. All CTS instructors 

not only have academic credentials in their areas of expertise but are also involved in on-going local church 

ministries as pastors, teachers, elders, deacons, evangelists, or administrators. They serve as role models to 

our students, who are also expected to maintain active ties with local churches. 

We believe that geographical, racial, and linguistic differences are incidental to the creative order. 

Accordingly, we do not discriminate for or against people groups but evaluate individuals according to their 

personal merits and achievements. CTS encourages all qualified men and women to take classes and to grow 

in the grace and knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ and then to serve God in keeping with the biblical roles, 

gifts, callings, and training He has granted them. 

We view every student at CTS as an individual and try to provide whatever assistance he or she may need. 

We have found that students, even those who post top grades in college, sometimes struggle in a seminary 

setting. We are here to help—our instructors see themselves as shepherds, as well as teachers.


2009-2011 A CADEMIC C ALENDAR 

Fall Semester 2009 

Sept. 7 

Sept. 14 

Nov. 26-29 

Nov. 10 – Dec. 12 

Dec. 14-18 

Dec. 15 – Jan. 9 

Dec. 21 – Jan. 4 

Jan. 12 – 30 

Labor Day Holiday 

Fall classes begin 

Thanksgiving Holiday 

Spring Semester preregistration 

Final examinations 

Spring Semester registration 

Christmas Break 

Spring Semester late registration 

Spring Semester 2010 

Feb. 1 

Mar. 8-12 

April 5-10 

Apr. 27 – May 22 

May 25 – June 26 

May 25 – 30 

June 29 – Aug. 28 

Spring classes begin 

CTS Annual Bible Conference (no classes March 9-14; students required to attend 

or listen to recordings) 

Spring Break 

Fall Semester preregistration 

Fall Semester registration 

Final examinations 

Fall Semester late registration 

EFFECTIVE DATES FOR THIS CATALOG 

The effective dates of this edition of the CTS catalog are 2009-2011. Provisions in this catalog will be 

applied as stated; however, the right to make alterations, as circumstances require, is reserved by the 

Seminary, without notice given to individual students.

ACADEMICS


A CADEMICS 

AREAS OF ACADEMIC STUDY 

The seminary offers courses in the following eight areas designed to equip students for the work of the 

ministry: 

Old Testament Studies 

New Testament Studies 

Biblical Studies 

Theological Studies 

Historical Theology 

Apologetics 

Contemporary Issues 

Old and New Testament Studies are foundational. Competency in biblical languages—Hebrew, Aramaic, 

and Greek—is essential to exegesis (inductive study in the original languages), since it prepares the student 

to deal honestly with the textual, exegetical, and critical issues in Scripture and find true solutions. 

Biblical Studies (isogogics) bring the Word to life by unfolding the history, cultural practices, and customs 

of ancient peoples and by introducing the student to the laws of sound Bible study (hermeneutics). 

Theological Studies take the details of analytical or exegetical study and synthesize them into a harmonious 

whole. This gives a student the fullest perspective on any given subject of Scripture. 

Historical Theology gives students a general knowledge of the historical development of theology and the 

progress of the Christian church, so that students may understand their spiritual heritage and be able to 

evaluate contemporary issues and trends in the church. History inspires us to greater service and commitment 

by holding before us our spiritual forefathers’ triumphs and helps us not to repeat their mistakes. 

Apologetics provides training in defending Christian beliefs and equips students to give persuasive reasons 

for the hope and faith that is within them (1 Peter 3:15), especially when the authenticity of Scripture and 

Christianity are under attack. 

The Contemporary Issues courses deal with pressing issues thrust upon the church by false teachings and 

secular or pagan philosophies. These courses provide students with an opportunity to grapple with biblical 

evidence and to discover God’s viewpoint on the issues of our day.

Chafer Theological Seminary Catalog 2009-2011 Page 11 

CURRICULUM FOR DEVELOPING THEOLOGY 

Exegesis is the foundation for developing theology. During their first year, CTS students begin a study of 

biblical Greek and Hebrew and are introduced to exegesis. During their second year, they continue 

developing exegetical skills by working with individual Old Testament and New Testament books. In the 

third year, they are introduced to biblical theology, i.e., working with various themes within a book as well as 

across books. They also begin systematizing these themes. During part of the third and all of the fourth year, 

the students begin to explore the impact theology should have on the fields of philosophy, science, history, 

language, psychology, politics, education, economics, and social life. 

The following chart outlines the CTS four-year theological curriculum. 

FOURTH YEAR 

ADVANCED BIBLICAL THEOLOGY 

Greek & Hebrew Exegesis 

THIRD YEAR 

BASICS OF BIBLICAL THEOLOGY 

Greek & Hebrew Exegesis 

SECOND YEAR 

GREEK AND HEBREW EXEGESIS 

Basics of Biblical Theology 

FIRST YEAR 

GREEK (AND HEBREW) EXEGESIS 

Theological Framework 

LICENSING AND TRANSFER OF CREDITS 

CTS is not accredited. The state of New Mexico authorizes us to grant degrees under its religious exemption. 

We plan to pursue accreditation, which is a separate matter. 

Dallas Theological Seminary (Texas), Western Seminary (Oregon), and Talbot School of Theology 

(California) will consider accepting CTS students' credits (on a case-by-case basis), as long as the student 

maintains a 3.00 GPA. This applies to commensurate course work.


Master of Biblical Studies (M.B.S.) Curriculum 

CTS DEGREE PROGRAMS 

The M.B.S. program provides in-depth theological training for all students, including those who feel that they have 

not been called to a pulpit ministry. It is also prerequisite for the Th.M. program. All new students, with the 

exception of some transfer students, must begin their studies at CTS in the M.B.S. program. The following chart 

shows the recommended order of the courses in the M.B.S. curriculum. 

Course 

Number 

SS 001 

Course title 

Intro to Language Skills & 

Research Methods 

Year One (M.B.S.) 

Credits 

Modality 

Onsite Module Distance Learning 

0 Mahoney. Degree 

students are to complete 

SS 001 prior to enrollment 

First Year – Fall semester 

T H 406 Christian Framework I 3 Clough 

NT 201 Beginning Greek 4 Bacon FGS:* Eckman 

BLGK 601, Greek I 

BI 301 Hermeneutics & Bible Study 3 Mondragon Mondragon 

Methods 

BI 302 OT History & Survey 3 Meisinger Meisinger 

13 

First Year – Spring semester 

T H 407 Christian Framework II 3 Clough 

NT 202 Beginning Greek 4 Bacon FGS: Echman 

BLGK 602, Greek II 

CI 901 Spiritual Life 2 Meisinger Meisinger 

BI 303 OT History & Survey 3 Meisinger Meisinger 

JS 802 Israelology 2 Fruchtenbaum (DVD) 

14 

Course 

Number 

Course title 

Year Two (M.B.S.) 

Credits 

Modality 


Second Year – Fall semester 

3 Broersma FGS:* Entrekin 

Theo 520 - Sys Theo I 

TH 401 Bibliology, Theology 

Proper, & Angelology 

JS 801 Jewish Life of Christ 2 Fruchtenbaum (DVD) 

OT 101 Beginning Hebrew 4 Riddle & Bacon 

NT 203 Intermediate Greek 3 Riddle 

BI 304 NT History & Survey 3 Meisinger 

AP 602 Evangelism & Missions 2 Bing & Crowder Bing & Crowder 

17 

Second Year – Spring semester 

TH 402 Christology, & 

Pneumatology 

3 FGS: Hixson 

Theo 608 Sys Theo III 

OT 102 Beginning Hebrew 4 Riddle & Bacon 

NT 204 Intermediate Greek 3 Riddle 

BI 305 NT History & Survey 3 Meisinger Meisinger 

HT 501 Church History I 2 Nichols 

15


Master of Theology (Th.M.) Curriculum 

The Th.M. program provides in-depth theological and language training for students who believe that the Lord has called them to a pulpit or 

professional teaching ministry. 

Note: Completion of the M.B.S. program is prerequisite for the Th.M. program. 

Course 

Number 

Course title 

Year Three (ThM) 

Credits 

Modality 


Third Year – Fall semester 

TH 403 Anthropology, Hamartiology, 

3 Broersma 

& Soteriology 

OT 103 Intermediate Hebrew 3 Riddle & Bacon 

OT 107 Old Testament Introduction 2 

BI 306 Advanced Hermeneutics 3 FGS:* Hixson 

Theo 508, Adv 

Hermeneutics 

NT 205 Advanced Greek Grammar 3 Riddle 

CI 906 Thesis Subject 0 Faculty 

advisor 

14 

Third year – Spring semester 

TH 404 Ecclesiology & 

Eschatology 

3 Broersma & 

Meisinger 

OT 104 Intermediate Hebrew 3 Riddle & Bacon 

NT 207 New Testament Introduction 2 

HT 502 Church History II 2 Nichols 

NT 206 Advanced Greek Grammar 3 Riddle 

CI 906 Thesis Synopsis 0 Faculty 

advisor 

CI 903 Biblical Preaching I 2 Meisinger 

15 

Year Four (ThM) 

Course 

Course title 

Credits 

Modality 

Number 


Fourth Year – Fall semester 

OT 105 Advanced Hebrew 3 Riddle 

CI 904 Biblical Preaching II 2 Meisinger 

AP 601 Intro to Apologetics 2 Mondragon Mondragon 

TH 409 Dispensationalism 2 FGS:* Hixson 

Theo 811, Sys Theo III 

HT 503 History of Doctrine 2 Dean 

-- Greek Elective 2 Riddle & 

Bacon 

13 

Fourth year – Spring semester 

CI 902 Free Grace vs Perseverance 2 Wilson 

OT 106 Advanced Hebrew 3 Riddle 

CI 905 Biblical Preaching III 2 Meisinger 

CI 906 Thesis 2 Faculty 

advisor 

-- Hebrew Elective 2 Riddle & Bacon 

-- Greek Elective 2 Riddle & Bacon 

13 

* FGS = Free Grace Seminary, Atlantic, GA.


COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 

Language courses listed together are expected to be taken in order; the second course has the first as the 

prerequisite. For example, OT 101 is the prerequisite for OT 102. Numbers listed in parenthesis after the class 

title indicate the number of semester hours per course. For example, “Intermediate Hebrew (4–4)” means the 

course is worth four credit hours in the Fall and four in the Spring. 

Study Skills 

SS 001 

Introduction to Language Skills and Research Methods (noncredit, pass/fail, required for all 

incoming students in a degree program) 

Old Testament Studies 

This course is offered via distance learning and is an introduction to the disciplines that enable 

a student to learn the languages, interact with texts, and develop and express sound 

conclusions based on primary and secondary source research. This course also orients new 

students to the seminary setting. 

Students who have received no prior instruction in Hebrew start with Beginning Hebrew in their second year 

and continue with Intermediate Hebrew and then Advanced Hebrew. Students who have had prior study in 

Hebrew may test out of beginning courses and continue their studies with advanced course work beginning 

their firs year. 

Required Courses 

OT 101–02 Beginning Hebrew (4–4) 

A study of basic Hebrew grammar, covering the entire regular and irregular verbal system, as 

well as other basic grammatical paradigms and translation of selected passages. 

OT 103–04 Intermediate Hebrew (3–3) 

An introduction to intermediate exegesis in narrative and poetic literature with emphasis on 

translation skills and syntactical analysis of selected passages. Prerequisite: OT 102. 

OT 105–06 Advanced Hebrew (3–3) 

An advanced study of Hebrew grammar and syntax with application to selected passages, 

including legal literature from Exodus and Deuteronomy; an introduction to textual criticism 

and the use of both Waltke-O’Connor’s and Gesenius’ advanced grammars in analysis of the 

text. Prerequisite: OT 104. 

OT 107 Old Testament Introduction (2) 

A study of the Old Testament canon, textual transmission, critical methods, and special 

introductory problems. Prerequisites: OT 102, BI 302, and BI 303.


Electives 

OT 112 Aramaic (3) 

A study of the Aramaic grammar and syntax and of the Aramaic portions of Daniel and Ezra. 

Prerequisite: OT 104. 

OT 115 Messianic Literature in the Old Testament (2) 

A study of several primary Messianic passages, including the discussion of the Suffering 

Servant of Isaiah 53. The student will examine categories of Messianism and classify all 

Scripture selections covered. Prerequisite: OT 104. 

OT 117 Exegesis of Early Hebrew Poetry (2) 

OT 118 The Psalms (2) 

A study of the oldest poems in the Old Testament with emphasis on indicators of archaic 

grammar and morphology. Prerequisite: OT 104. 

A literary, exegetical, and theological analysis of the Psalms. This course includes 

introductory matters, Messianic passages, and issues in hermeneutics. The student will do 

expositional papers on selected psalms. Prerequisite: OT 104. 

OT 120 Independent Study in the Old Testament (2) 

OT 121 Daniel (2) 

This course is designed to allow the student with initiative and scholarly curiosity to do 

independent research on a particular problem of Old Testament study. The student may also 

do independent exegesis in specific books, such as Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, or pursue 

genre studies. Other topics may be pursued upon approval of the student’s proposal by the 

faculty advisor. Prerequisite: OT 104. 

A review of the Aramaic and Hebrew portions of Daniel, particularly its grammar and syntax. 

Prerequisites: OT 104 and OT 112. 

New Testament Studies 

Students who have received no prior instruction in Greek start with Beginning Greek and continue with 

Intermediate Greek and then Advanced Greek Grammar. Students who enter with prior training in Greek may 

test out of lower division courses and continue with advanced studies. 


NT 201–02 Beginning Greek (4–4) 

A study of Greek elementary grammar with the purpose of becoming acquainted with the 

fundamentals of Greek. Students are exposed to passages from the Greek New Testament 

from the outset of the course.


NT 203–04 Intermediate Greek (3–3) 

Grammatical diagramming of Philemon and Colossians; application of Greek grammatical 

classifications, word studies, exegetical validation, and introduction to textual criticism. The 

course sequence culminates in the student producing reverse-engineered outlines of Philemon 

and Colossians. Prerequisites: NT 202 is prerequisite for NT 203; NT 203 is prerequisite for 

NT 204. 

NT 205–06 Advanced Greek Grammar (3–3) 

An introduction to the three major advanced grammars (Robertson, Blass-Debrunner, and 

Moulton-Turner) with detailed exegesis in a New Testament epistle. The student will diagram, 

exegete, and prepare final notes on a portion of the text for communication to a congregation. 

Prerequisite: NT 204. 

NT 207 New Testament Introduction (2) 

Electives 

A study of the New Testament canon, special introductory problems, and evaluation of current 

New Testament criticism. Prerequisite: NT 204. 

NT 209 The Book of Romans (3) 

Exegesis in the book of Romans with an emphasis on its theological issues; the study of the 

development of the argument of the book as revealed by syntax. Prerequisite: NT 204. 

NT 210 The Book of Hebrews (3) 

Exegesis in Hebrews with consideration of the book’s argument and its use of the Old 

Testament. Special attention will be devoted to the warning passages. Prerequisite: NT 204. 

NT 214 The Gospel of Luke (3) 

Exegesis in the two-volume history of the Church by Luke, i.e, Luke and Acts. Emphasis is 

placed on seeing the two volumes as a single work with attendant structural connections and 

mutual illumination. Prerequisite: NT 204. 

NT 215 The Book of Acts (3) 

See NT 214. 

NT 220 Johannine Epistles (2) 

Exegesis in the Johannine epistles stressing a Free Grace model and a contextual definition of 

fellowship, as well as examination of problem passages. Prerequisite: NT 204.


NT 223 Septuagint Studies (2) 

An introduction to the LXX with selected portions to be translated. Study will include the 

origin, transmission history, and proper use of the LXX in word studies and Old Testament 

textual criticism. Prerequisites: OT 104 and NT 204. 

NT 226 Independent Study in the New Testament (2 or 3) 

NT 228 James (2) 

A study designed to allow the student with initiative and scholarly curiosity to do independent 

research on a problem of New Testament study. Specific proposals will be approved when the 

student gives sufficient justification to the faculty advisor. 

Exegesis of James’ epistle with particular attention to its argument and relevance for the Free 

Grace–Perseverance controversy. Prerequisite: NT 204. 

NT 229 Philippians, Colossians, Philemon (3) 

Advanced exegetical studies in Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon. Prerequisite: NT 204. 

NT 230 The Thessalonian Epistles (2) 

Translation, diagramming, and exegesis in the epistles to the church of Thessalonica, with 

attention given to each book’s argument and its contribution to one’s understanding of 

eschatology. Prerequisite: NT 204. 

NT 231 New Testament Textual Criticism (2) 

A study of the evolution of Textual Criticism from the early pioneers. Comparison and 

contrast of the different approaches and methodologies for the practice of textual criticism. 

NT 232 New Testament Practicum (2 or 3) 

NT 233 Revelation (2) 

Advanced exegetical theory and practice in Philemon and Colossians. Meets concurrently with 

NT 204. Prerequisites: successful completion of NT 204. 

Exposition in the book of Revelation examining its thematic statement, outline, and 

contribution to eschatology. There are no prerequisites. Students on a degree track will be 

assigned exegetical projects.


Biblical Studies 

Biblical Studies courses cover the history, cultural practices, and customs of ancient peoples and introduce the 

student to the laws of sound Bible study. 


BI 301 Hermeneutics and Bible Study Methods (3) 

A study of the basic principles of hermeneutics and methods of Bible study. The course is 

designed to give the new student a solid foundation for Bible study. 

BI 302–303 Old Testament History and Survey (3–3) 

Fall semester is a study of the structure and argument of each book from Genesis to Jeremiah, 

including a survey of the history of Israel and of the peoples in the ancient Near East whose 

history influenced the Jewish nation. Spring semester is a study of the structure and argument 

of each of the Poetical books and the Prophets, as well as of the ancient Near Eastern peoples 

whose history influenced the Jewish nation. 

BI 304–305 New Testament History and Survey (3–3) 

Fall semester is a study of the structure, argument, and the historical and cultural settings of 

the Gospels and Acts, as well as a survey of the intertestamental period. Included in the study 

are outlines of each book and discussions of current problems. Spring semester repeats this 

approach for Romans through Revelation. 

BI 306 Advanced Hermeneutics (3) 

Electives 

A detailed study of the principles of the consistent literal-grammatical-historical system of 

biblical interpretation. This course requires the student to think through the basic issues of 

interpretation of literature in order to grasp the hermeneutical principles and to apply them in 

the interpretation of selected problem passages. Prerequisite: BI 301. 

BI 308 Biblical Archaeology (2) 

In this course, the basic methods and instruments of archaeology will be described, followed 

by a survey of the chronology, geography, religion, ancient languages, texts, artifacts, and 

archaeological sites associated with Biblical Archaeology in the Ancient Near East from the 

time of the Patriarchs through the Exile. The goal of this course is to familiarize the student 

with archaeology in the land and time of the Bible and give the student tangible evidence for 

the historicity of the Biblical text. 

BI 310 Analytical Layout (2) 

An introduction to inductive Bible study involving the steps of observation, interpretation, 

application, and correlation. This includes the principles and procedures of the analytical 

approach to Bible study, with practice in analyzing selected Bible books. Prerequisite: BI 301.


BI 314 Linguistics for the Biblical Exegete (3) 

Theological Studies 

Insights from linguistic research can greatly enhance the exegete’s understanding of biblical 

languages and texts. In this course, semantics, text analysis, and various linguistics universals 

will be applied to the human medium of the Word of God, helping the exegete better 

understand its divine intent. Prerequisite: NT 202. 

Theological Studies will take details of analytical, or exegetical, study and synthesize them into a harmonious 

whole. 


The aim of TH 401, TH 402, TH 403, and TH 404 is to acquaint the student with the theological landscape as 

it now stands. Accordingly, students will read widely in the theological writings of their forebears for the 

purpose of understanding the theology of these areas of study as it has developed to the present day. 

TH 401 Bibliology, Theology Proper, Angelology (3) 

A theological study of the Bible, God the Father, and angels. 

TH 402 Christology, Pneumatology (3) 

A theological study of the second and third Persons of the Triune Godhead. 

TH 403 Anthropology, Hamartiology, Soteriology (3) 

A theological study of man, sin, and salvation. 

TH 404 Ecclesiology, Eschatology (3) 

A theological study of the Church and the end times. 

TH 406 The Christian Framework I (3) 

An examination of the implications of key biblical events with their doctrinal connections 

from creation to the fall of Israel for philosophy, science, history, language, psychology, 

politics, education, economics, and social life. 

TH 407 The Christian Framework II (3) 

A continuation of the examination of the implications of key biblical events from the exile of 

Israel to the emergence of the church for all of life, including modern eschatologies of the 

environmental and global society. Prerequisite: TH 406. 

TH 409 Dispensationalism (2) 

The study of the distinguishable administrations in the progressive outworking of God’s 

divine purpose and an examination of the hermeneutical basis of Dispensationalism.


Electives 

TH 412 Independent Study (1 to 3) 

This course gives students an opportunity to pursue a particular problem area within 

systematic theology. The student will select and research an area of his or her interest. 

TH 415 Introduction to Logic (2) 

A study of the fundamentals of logic, including the types of fallacies encountered in logic; an 

examination of both deductive and inductive reasoning; and an introduction to the application 

of logic to theological studies. 

TH 416 Pastoral Theology (2) 

A study of biblical principles for church ministry. The student will examine topics such as 

preaching and teaching strategies, developing the congregants’ spiritual gifts, prayer, worship 

style, and discipleship. The topics will also include leadership structure, ministering to people 

in special circumstances, and the practical issues of a pastor's life, e.g., finances and the 

impact of the ministry on his wife and children.


Historical Theology 

Historical Theology courses provide a general knowledge of the historical development of theology and the 

progress of the Christian church, so that students may understand their theological and evangelical heritage 

and be able to evaluate contemporary issues and trends within the church. 

Required courses 

HT 501 Church History I (2) 

A study of Christianity from the first century to the eve of the Reformation with emphasis on 

major theological developments and significant leaders and events. 

HT 502 Church History II (2) 

A study of Christianity from the Reformation to the present day with emphasis on major 

theological developments and significant leaders and events. 

HT 503 History of Doctrine (2) 

Electives 

A study of the theological and historical development of selected doctrines with attention to 

the progressive development of each theological theme from the first century to the present 

day. 

HT 512 History of Roman Catholicism (2) 

A study of the history of the Roman Catholic Church, including its theology and practice, with 

emphasis on the Councils and current issues. 

HT 513 Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon (2) 

A study of the life and theology of Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon with attention to 

their contributions to the Protestant Reformation. 

HT 514 Huldreich Zwingli and the Swiss Reformation (2) 

A study of the life and theology of Huldreich Zwingli with attention to his theological 

contribution to the Protestant Reformation. 

HT 515 John Calvin (2) 

A study of the life and theology of John Calvin with attention to the development of Reformed 

theology. 

HT 516 Protestant Reformation (2) 

A study of the Protestant Reformation with emphasis on the theology and significant leaders 

and events.


HT 517 Roman Catholic Theology (2) 

Apologetics 

A study of the theology of the Roman Catholic Church from its formation in the third century 

to the present. 

Apologetic courses equip students to give persuasive reasons for the hope and faith that is within them (1 Peter 

3:15), especially when the authenticity of Scripture and Christianity are under attack. 


AP 601 Introduction to Apologetics (2) 

A study in how to give a reasonable answer for one’s faith (1 Peter 3:15). The course includes 

basic training in defending the faith. 

AP 602 Evangelism and Missions (2) 

Electives 

This course is a study of the biblical presentation of the gospel to unbelievers, emphasizing its 

content and implications for assurance, examining selected issues that directly bear on the 

grace gospel, and covering the biblical mandate to fulfill the church’s commission to share the 

gospel with unbelievers and make disciples both at home and around the world. 

AP 610 Authenticity of the Bible (2) 

An examination of reasons for believing that the Bible, in contrast to the sacred books of other 

religions, is the Word of God. 

AP 612 History of Christian Apologetics (2) 

This course will examine the biblical justification for apologetics, its history, and major 

systems. 

AP 613 Scientific Apologetics (2) 

This course looks at the harmony between the biblical record and the scientific evidence for 

creation, evolution, and the biblical flood. Other scientific questions relating to biblical 

statements will be investigated. 

AP 614 Current Bible-Science Issues (2) 

This course will investigate the current debates over creation and evolution, the flood geology, 

the age of the universe, and biomedical technology, as well as these debates’ ramifications. 

AP 615 Biblical Ethics (2) 

This course will examine the biblical basis for and the responsibilities of the Christian’s 

personal ethical conduct in relation to other believers and to the world.


AP 616 Contemporary Christian Apologists (2) 

This course will study the ideas and contributions of contemporary Christian apologists, 

including C. S. Lewis, Francis A. Schaeffer, Norman Geisler, et al. 

AP 619 Christianity and the Occult (2) 

Both the Old and New Testament proscribe occult practices such as divination, fortune telling, 

magic, and spiritism. This course investigates the occult from a biblical perspective. 

AP 621 Humanism and the New Age Movement (2) 

Jewish Studies 

This course will focus on Paul’s words to the Romans: “For they exchanged the truth of God 

for a lie, and worshipped and served the creature rather than the Creator” (Rom. 1:25). The 

transition away from God in the areas of thought and lifestyle will be studied. The New Age 

worldview, based on Monism, Pantheism, and mysticism, will be investigated. 

Jewish Studies analyze the Old and New Testaments in their Jewish context, with the unique Jewish 

perspectives. 


JS 801 

Jewish Life of Christ (2) (Module) 

A chronological survey of the life of Jesus Christ as recorded in the four Gospels. The course 

will focus on first-century Jewish culture, theological perspectives, and the rabbinic 

background in which Jesus lived, died, and rose again. 

JS 802 

Israelology (2) (Module) 

A theological study of Israel’s past, present, and future and an examination of the influence of 

one’s view of Israel on one’s theology. 

Electives 

JS 819 Messianic Christology (2) 

A study of the Old Testament prophecies regarding the first coming of the Messiah and of 

their fulfillment in the New Testament. 

JS 822 Study Tour of Israel (4) 

A comprehensive historical and geographical study tour of Israel. The goal is to examine the 

influence of geography on the Old Testament and Gospel history. Contact Dr. Arnold 

Fruchtenbaum regarding his study tour of Israel (call Ariel Ministries at 210-344-7707).


Contemporary Issues 

Contemporary Issues courses provide students with an opportunity to grapple with biblical evidence and 

discover God’s viewpoint on the important issues of today. 


CI 901 Spiritual Life (2) 

A study of the biblical principles that govern Christian character and service. The students will 

examine the current systems of sanctification by works in contrast to New Testament 

spirituality by grace. 

CI 902 Free Grace vs. Perseverance (2) 

A study of the Free Grace view of perseverance as contrasted with both the Arminian and 

Reformed views. 

CI 903 Biblical Preaching I (2) 

A study and practice of the principles of effective public speaking, specifically for the 

exposition of Scripture. Prerequisite: NT 204 and OT 104. 

CI 904 -905 Biblical Preaching II and III (2-2) 

CI 906 Thesis (2) 

Electives 

An advanced study and practice of the principles of effective public speaking, specifically for 

the exposition of Scripture. Prerequisite: CI 903. 

The student will do independent research and write a thesis on an approved subject in his or 

her major area of study (New Testament, Old Testament, or Theology) under the supervision 

of two faculty advisors. The student will choose the subject and compose a preliminary outline 

during the first semester of the third year. A synopsis is due at the end of the second semester 

of the third year. The completed thesis is due at the end of the student’s final semester of 

study. Students who are working toward a Th.M. degree must do their research at a scholarly 

level, yet write for the general Christian public. 

Kate L. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers, latest edition, is to be used for formatting purposes. 

The thesis should be between 40 and 70 pages in length; the student’s faculty advisor must 

approve exceptions. See Student Handbook for more information. 

CI 910 The Charismatic Movement (2) 

A study of the passages that the advocates of the Charismatic movement use to justify their 

doctrine and practice. The student will determine exegetically whether the miraculous gifts 

still exist.


CI 911 Christian Witness vs. Activism (2) 

A study of the biblical and theological guidelines for the level of the believer’s involvement in 

his culture. 

CI 912 Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice (2) 

A study of the origin and sanctity of life. An examination of biblical and theological views on 

abortion and euthanasia. 

CI 913 Internship Practicum (2) 

An off-site study in which the student learns and hones his practical skills under the guidance 

and supervision of a mentor engaged in some field of ministry. A motivated student may 

suggest a particular mentor or ministry, but all practicums need to be arranged and approved 

in advance by CTS faculty. 

DISTANCE LEARNING COURSES 

Chafer Theological Seminary is currently revising its Distance Learning courses. 

SS 001 Intro to Language Skills & Research Methods (0) 

Students may take this course as an independent study with the instructor’s prior approval. An 

introduction to the disciplines that enable a student to learn the languages, interact with texts, 

and develop and express sound conclusions based on primary and secondary source research. 

This course also orients new students to the seminary setting. 

TH 406 The Christian Framework I (3) 

An examination of the implications of key biblical events with their doctrinal connections 

from creation to the fall of Israel for philosophy, science, history, language, psychology, 

politics, education, economics, and social life. 

TH 407 The Christian Framework II (3) 

A continuation of the examination of the implications of key biblical events from the exile of 

Israel to the emergence of the church for all of life, including modern eschatologies of the 

environmental and global society. Prerequisite: TH 406. 

NT 201–02 Beginning Greek (4–4) 



from the outset of the course. 

BI 301 Hermeneutics and Bible Study Methods (3) 

A study of the basic principles of hermeneutics and methods of Bible study. The course is 

designed to give the new student a solid foundation for Bible study.


BI 302–303 Old Testament History and Survey (3–3) 

Fall semester is a study of the structure and argument of each book from Genesis to Jeremiah, 

including a survey of the history of Israel and of the peoples in the ancient Near East whose 

history influenced the Jewish nation. Spring semester is a study of the structure and argument 

of each of the Poetical books and the Prophets, as well as of the ancient Near Eastern peoples 

whose history influenced the Jewish nation. 

HT 501 Church History I (2) 



HT 502 Church History II (2) 



HT 503 History of Doctrine (2) 

A study of the theological and historical development of selected doctrines with attention to 

the progressive development of each theological theme from the first century to the present 

day. 

BI 304-305 NT History and Survey (3) 

BI 304 is a study of the structure, argument, and the historical and cultural settings of the 

Gospels and Acts, as well as a survey of the intertestamental period. Included in the study are 

outlines of each book and discussions of current problems. BI 305 repeats this approach for 

Romans through Revelation. 

BI 306 Advanced Hermeneutics (3) 

A detailed study of the principles of the consistent literal-grammatical-historical system of 

biblical interpretation. This course requires the student to think through the basic issues of 

interpretation of literature in order to grasp the hermeneutical principles and to apply them in 

the interpretation of selected problem passages. 

JS 801 Jewish Life of Christ (2) 

A chronological survey of the life of Jesus Christ as recorded in the four Gospels. The course 

will focus on first-century Jewish culture, theological perspectives, and the rabbinic 

background in which Jesus lived, died, and rose again. 

NT 201 Beginning Greek (4) 



from the outset of the course. 

TH 401 Bibliology, Theology Proper, Angelology (3) 

A theological study of the Bible, God the Father, and angels.


TH 402 Christology, Pneumatology (3) 

A theological study of the second and third Persons of the Triune Godhead. 

TH 409 Dispensationalism (2) 

The study of the distinguishable administrations in the progressive outworking of God’s 

divine purpose and an examination of the hermeneutical basis of Dispensationalism. 

As additional courses become available, information will be posted on the CTS web site: www.chafer.edu.


Registration 

ACADEMIC PROCEDURES 

Official registration for courses is required before the beginning of each semester. Students cannot be 

admitted to classes without formal registration. 

Academic Advising 

Since the Seminary considers the academic advising process an integral part of each student’s program, 

faculty members are available to assist students as they select courses. To ensure that all students graduate in 

a timely manner, students are required to meet with an on-site faculty member before preregistration each 

semester. 

Audit Policy 

Many courses are available to auditors. The course instructor determines the degree of his interaction with a 

student who audits the course. Regular attendance is expected of audit students. 

Modules and Distance Learning 

Students may complete graduate-level courses through modules and Distance Learning. See a faculty advisor 

for guidance. 

Statute of Limitations for Degree Requirements 

Students who take longer than five years to complete their program will be required to follow an updated 

degree plan and catalog. Appropriate course substitutions will be made on a case-by-case basis. See student 

handbook. 

Graduation Requirements 

Candidates for the M.B.S. degree must have completed all required course work; students pursuing the 

Th.M. must have completed all required course work. The minimum GPA accepted in all degree programs is 

2.0. Moreover, each Th.M. student must adhere to the doctrines delineated in the CTS Doctrinal Statement. 

Finally, the student needs to have finalized all financial matters, including the payment of the graduation fee, 

with the seminary bookkeeper.

ADMISSIONS


A DMISSIONS 

Chafer Seminary enrolls men and women of proven Christian character who adhere to the CTS Doctrinal 

Statement. All degree programs are coeducational. 

Prospective students are encouraged to visit the seminary. CTS does not currently have dormitories but will 

assist students in making housing arrangements. Contact the CTS office for more information. 

Undergraduate Study 

PRESEMINARY PREPARATION 

In requiring a bachelor’s degree (preferable), or a minimum A.A. degree, Chafer Seminary recognizes the 

importance of an educational foundation for the specialized study offered in seminary courses. A bachelor’s 

program that includes work in the major fields of humanities and sciences gives students the skills and 

discipline indispensable to theological study and the work of the ministry. 

In the undergraduate study, adequate attention should be devoted to English grammar and composition, 

literature, speech, logic, philosophy, and history. It is also helpful for each student to master basic computer 

skills (e.g., word processing). 

All students are encouraged to enroll in a speed-reading course before attending CTS. 

Language Classes 

Students who have had no prior training in Greek or Hebrew are not advised to start two languages 

simultaneously. During their first year, they are recommended to take Beginning Greek. In the second year, 

they may start Hebrew. 

We encourage incoming students to take a minimum of one year of Greek before enrolling at CTS. If the 

university or college a student attends does not offer Greek, we recommend taking an on-line Greek course. 

Contact our office for suggestions. Please set the goal for completing this course no later than one month 

before you enroll at CTS. 

Degree Admission 

ADMISSIONS PROCEDURES 

The CTS curriculum is designed to build on the baccalaureate degree, or its equivalent, conferred by an 

accredited college or university. Exceptions to this minimal scholastic requirement for entrance are 

necessarily limited. A student entering Chafer Theological Seminary without a bachelor's degree is 

automatically placed in the certificate program and on academic probation for the first semester of his or her 

studies. This probation is removed after one semester of satisfactory progress toward a degree (a GPA of 2.0 

or above).


Applicants for admission must make formal application through the Admissions Office. All entering students 

(with the exception of some transfer students) will be automatically enrolled in the M.B.S. program. Transfer 

students should consult with the Registrar regarding entrance into the Th.M. program. 

Applications may be obtained from the Admissions Office or downloaded from www.chafer.edu. A 

nonrefundable fee of $20 must accompany the application. (If the application is late, it must be accompanied 

by a nonrefundable late fee of $50.) The following supporting documentation must also be submitted: 

1. Biblical Qualifications. The applicant must include (a) his or her personal testimony (500 words 

maximum); (b) a description of his or her spiritual gift(s); (c) explanation of problem areas (e.g., 

bankruptcy, criminal conviction, involvement in a lawsuit, divorce); (d) description of the 

applicant’s ministry experiences, particularly in the last 5 years. 

2. Three Character References. One of the references must come from the applicant’s pastor. 

Reference forms are included in the application packet. 

3. Official Transcripts. Final approval for admission is contingent on receiving the official 

transcript verifying the conferral of the qualifying degree. 

4. Spouse’s Statement (if applicable). The spouse of a married applicant must submit a one-page 

statement expressing his or her view regarding the applicant’s pursuit of theological training that 

will occupy much of the applicant’s time. 

5. Demonstration of English Proficiency. Applicants whose native language is not English may be 

required to provide TOEFL and TWE scores. Information regarding these tests is available from 

TOEFL, P.O. Box 6154, Princeton, NJ 08541-6154. We require the score of 600 on the paperbased 

TOEFL test. 

As part of the application process, any applicant seeking to earn a degree or certificate from CTS will be 

interviewed by a CTS faculty or board member. It is the applicant’s responsibility to make arrangements for 

an interview by contacting the CTS California office at (714) 288-9555. 

Nonbaccalaureate Admission 

Nonbaccalaureate applicants must follow the same admission procedures as degree applicants. Applicants 

who lack the prerequisite college degree may apply for admission to the M.B.S. and Th.M. degree programs; 

however, a certificate will be issued in lieu of a degree until a bachelor’s degree is completed, at which time 

a degree will be awarded. Admission of students without bachelor’s degrees is highly selective. 

Qualifications that will be considered include maturity, educational background, ministry experience, and 

vocational goals. 

Audit Admission 

Some students may take courses for self-enrichment only. A shorter application form, which may be obtained 

from the Admissions Office or on the CTS website, www.chafer.edu, must be completed before enrollment 

in classes. The audit application fee is $20. There are no late fees for audit applications. 

Admission Deadlines 

To facilitate enrollment, please submit the requested documents no later than June 15 for the Late Summer 

Module and Fall Semester; November 15 for the Winter Module, Spring Semester and Early Summer 

Module. Applications submitted after the above deadlines must be accompanied by a late application fee of


$50 and will be considered and processed only as time allows. The late application fee does not apply to 

audit students. 

Applicants are evaluated on the basis of their character, academic records, the extent and quality of 

involvement in Christian service, their apparent gifts, and potential for Christian ministry. A letter of 

acceptance will be sent after the application is approved. Applicants who have been accepted into the CTS 

programs must matriculate within one year of the academic semester for which they were accepted. An 

applicant who wishes to enroll after one year must restart the application process. 

Transfer of Credit 

Students Pursuing an M.B.S. or Th.M. Degree 

Course credits with a minimum grade of 2.0 (C) earned at other, endorsed seminaries and graduate 

theological schools are accepted at full value to the extent that the courses are comparable to the Chafer 

Theological Seminary’s stated requirements. An interview with a faculty member and/or assessment by 

testing is required as well as an official transcript from the institution previously attended. CTS distance 

learning courses count as on-campus courses. CTS, on the basis of the testing professor’s recommendation, 

makes the final decision. 

Students Pursuing a Certificate of Biblical Studies 

Students in the certificate programs are subject to the same credit transfer policy as degree students. 

Credit Transfer to Other Institutions 

Credits earned at this institution and transferred to another are accepted at the discretion of the receiving 

institution. Questions regarding the transfer of credits should be directed to the CTS office. 

Validation of Courses and Advanced Standing 

Students entering Chafer Theological Seminary with a strong background in Bible or theology may validate 

some basic courses toward the Th.M. or M.B.S. degree. Students are required to take a proficiency exam to 

determine if they are eligible to take more advanced classes in the same department. The validation fee is 

$25 per exam. Questions regarding advanced standing should be directed to the appropriate department head. 

DIFFERENCES OF DOCTRINAL BELIEFS 

All students entering CTS begin in the M.B.S. program. If a student questions a particular doctrinal position 

in the CTS doctrinal statement yet is open to CTS’ understanding of that position, he may continue taking 

classes in the M.B.S. program. The student may discuss the issues involved, but not proselytize other 

students. At the beginning of his second year of studies, the student must present a paper (25 pages 

maximum) defending his position to an assigned instructor(s). If by the conclusion of the second year of 

study the student continues to hold his contrary position, yet he has successfully completed the required 

course work, CTS will award him an M.B.S. degree. 

Each student who advances to the Th.M. program must sign the CTS doctrinal statement. If a student signs 

with reservations, he must explain those reservations in writing, and the faculty must approve them before he 

is accepted into the Th.M. program.


We believe that this approach allows the student a reasonable measure of academic freedom while preserving 

the theological integrity of CTS. 

REGISTRATION PROCEDURES 

Registration for classes is done through scheduled preregistration and registration periods. For registration 

schedules, please consult the academic calendar at www.chafer.edu. Registration packets may be obtained 

through the Registration Office. 

Regular Students 

CLASSIFICATION OF STUDENTS 

Regular students are enrolled in degree programs (Th.M. and M.B.S.). Continuation as a student depends on 

satisfactory progress toward graduation. (See Statute of Limitations in the Student Handbook.) 

Nondegree Students 

Nonbaccalaureate students take courses for credit but are either not interested in a degree or not eligible to 

earn a degree. Students who have not completed the required undergraduate work are only eligible to earn a 

certificate. Course work requirements for nondegree students are the same as those for degree students. 

Audit Students 

Audit students are only auditing courses and are not presently working toward a degree or taking any courses 

for credit. These students are not required to do the course work.


FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

Fees 

Application Fee $20.00 

Late Application Fee $50.00 

Audit Application Fee $20.00 

Preregistration Fee $15.00 

Registration Fee $30.00 

Late Registration Fee $45.00 

Course Extension Fee, per course $50.00 

Validation or Advanced Standing Fee, per exam $25.00 

Schedule Change Fee, per form $15.00 

Student Services Fee, per course $3.00 

Transcript Fee, per copy $10.00 

Graduation Fee $100.00 

Leave of Absence Fee, per semester $15.00 

Tuition 

Fall Semester, Spring Semester, Modules, 

per semester hour 


Auditing, per semester hour 


Spouse auditing, per semester hour 

$125.00 

$62.50 

$40.00 

Textbooks 

First year, approximately $500.00 

Each year after the first, approximately $350.00 

Refunds 

A student may drop a class during the first or second week of classes and receive a 100% refund on tuition. 

No tuition will be refunded following the second week of classes. 

A student may drop a module until the end of the second class session and receive a 100% refund on tuition. 

No tuition will be refunded after the end of the second class. 

Payment Options 

• Cash 

• Check 

• Paypal 

• Payment Plan authorized by Registrar

FACULTY AND 

ADMINISTRATION


FACULTY AND A DMINISTRATION 

FACULTY 

Dr. Larry Bacon. B.S. (Iowa State University), M.S. (Iowa State University), Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering 

(Iowa State University). 

Dr. Charlie Bing. Ph.D. and TH.M. in Bible Exposition, Dallas Theological Seminary. 

Dr. David Broersma. B.A. in Greek (Bryan College), Th.M. in Systematic Theology (Dallas Theological 

Seminary), D.Min. in Education / Management (Cornerstone University). 

Dr. Ronald L. Giese. B.S. in Interdisciplinary Studies (Biblical Languages and Missions) (Liberty 

University), M.A. in Hebrew and Semitic Studies (University of Wisconsin, Madison), Ph.D. in Hebrew and 

Semitic Studies (University of Wisconsin, Madison). 

Dr. George E. Meisinger, President and Professor. B.A. (Biola University), Th.M. in Old Testament 

Literature and Exegesis (Dallas Theological Seminary), D.Min. in Biblical Studies (Western Seminary), 

Ph.D. studies (Trinity Theological Seminary). 

Dr. Ray Mondragon. B.S. in Civil Engineering (University of New Mexico), Th.M. in Old Testament and 

semitic Languages (Dallas Theological Seminary), D.Min. in Biblical Studies (Trinity Theological 

Seminary). 

Dr. Ken Wilson. M.D. and board certified orthopedic surgeon. M.Div. from Faith Evangelical Lutheran 

Seminary. Th.M. from Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary. Ken has taught theology courses in four 

seminaries. 

Charles Clough. B.S. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Th.M. (Dallas Theological Seminary), M.S. 

(Texas Tech); scientist, author, and former pastor. 

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum. B.A. (Cedarville College), Th.M. (Dallas Theological Seminary), Ph.D. (New 

York University); founder and director of Ariel Ministries, Old Testament and Jewish studies scholar. 

Dr. Thomas Ice. B.A. (Howard Payne University), Th.M. (Dallas Theological Seminary), Ph.D. (Tyndale 

Theological Seminary); director of the Pre-Trib Research Center, conference speaker, author, and former 

pastor. 

Titus M. Kennedy. B.A. (Biola University), M.A. in Near Eastern Archaeology (University of Toronto). 

Edd Nichols. B.S. (University of Tennessee), B.A., Th.B. (Florida Bible College), M.A. (Greenwich 

University), Th.M. (Capital Bible Seminary); former youth worker, pastor, Christian school teacher; director 

of Faith Bible Media.


Dr. George E. Meisinger, President 

Matthew W. Shope, Office Manager 

ADMINISTRATION 

GOVERNING BOARD 

Charles Clough. B.S. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Th.M. (Dallas Theological Seminary), M.S. 

(Texas Tech); scientist, author, and former pastor. 

Robert Dean Jr. (Chairman). B.A. (Stephen F. Austin State University), Th.M. (Dallas Theological 

Seminary), M.A. (University of St. Thomas), Th.D. studies (Dallas Theological Seminary), D.Min. (Faith 

Evangelical Seminary); pastor. 

Randy Frick. B.S. (Washington State University); M.B.A. (Eastern Washington University); church deacon, 

engineer, company president. 

Hal E. Hagemeier. B.S. in Electrical Engineering (University of Texas at 

Austin), M.S. in Electrical Engineering (Air Force Institute of Technology). 

Tod Kennedy. B.A. (Washington State University), Th.M. (Dallas Theological Seminary), D.V.M. (College 

of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University); pastor. 

Paul Schmidtbleicher (Vice-Chairman). Th.B. (William Tyndale College), Th.M. (Dallas Theological 

Seminary); pastor. 

John Cross


STATEMENT OF DOCTRINE


S TATEMENT OF D OCTRINE 

BIBLIOLOGY 

The Study of the Word of God 

Revelation. The written content of the Bible was revealed by God in order to unveil Himself and His eternal 

plan to mankind. 

Inspiration. Through inspiration, God moving holy men to write, the Lord made certain that His revelation 

about Himself was recorded without error in the original documents. Every facet of Scripture (including 

statements that regard science, history, and geography) is God breathed (2 Timothy 3:16–17; 2 Peter 1:20– 

21). 

Illumination. Illumination is the ministry of the Holy Spirit to believers, teaching them all things from the 

closed canon of Scripture, through their study and meditation for the purpose of glorifying Christ. The Spirit 

also uses those who have the gift of teaching, as well as the written works of those now dead, to carry out 

this ministry (Psalm 119:99; John 16:12–15; Romans 12:7; 1 Corinthians 2:9–3:3; 2 Timothy 2:15; 1 John 

2:27). 

Authority. Since the Bible’s ultimate Author is God, it is without error and is our authoritative guide in all 

matters of faith and practice (John 16:12–15). 

Canonicity. The canon of Scripture is a closed collection of all writings and only those writings inspired by 

God. The 39 books of the Hebrew Old Testament and the 27 books of the Greek New Testament comprise 

the whole canon of Scripture (2 Timothy 3:16; Jude 3; Revelation 22:18–22). Because Scripture is God’s 

only written revelation to men, it is our sole source of infallible guidance for faith and practice. We do not 

accept the apocryphal books as canonical (Matthew 5:17–18; cf. Revelation 22:18–19; Jude 3). 

Interpretation of Scripture. We believe in a normal (literal), grammatical and historical interpretation of 

Scripture that affirms, for example, the belief that the opening chapters of Genesis present creation in seven 

literal, 24-hour days (Genesis 1:31; Exodus 31:17). 

Sufficiency. Scripture states that it is able to equip us for every good work. In addition, the Lord states that 

He has given to us all things that pertain to life and godliness through the body of knowledge wherein His 

great and precious promises are recorded. Therefore, we believe that the Bible alone, as believers apply it to 

their lives, is a sufficient resource to prepare them to handle all the problems and exigencies of life and 

ministry (2 Timothy 3:16–17; 2 Peter 1:3–11). 

THEOLOGY PROPER 

The Study of God, Including Paterology 

The Bible reveals One triune God existing in three persons—Father, Son and Holy Spirit—eternal in being, 

identical in nature, equal in power and glory and having the same attributes and perfections (Deuteronomy 

6:4; John 4:34; 16:8–13; Ephesians 1:11; 3:11; 1 Timothy 2:5; 1 Corinthians 2:10; 2 Corinthians 13:4; 

Hebrews 10:7).


CHRISTOLOGY 

The Study of Jesus Christ 

The Incarnation. We believe that the Lord Jesus Christ, the Eternal Son of God, became man without 

ceasing to be God (John 1:1–2, 14). 

The Virgin Birth. Jesus was conceived of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary (Luke 1:35). 

His Substitutionary Death. He accomplished our redemption through His death on the cross as a 

substitutionary sacrifice for all men (1 Corinthians 15:3; 1 Peter 1:18–19). 

His Resurrection. His literal bodily resurrection from the dead guarantees redemption forever (Luke 24:39; 

Hebrews 10:9–14; 1 Peter 1:3–5). 

His Present Session. The Lord Jesus Christ in His glorified body is now in Heaven, exalted at the right hand 

of God the Father, where He presently fulfills the high priestly ministries of Representative, Intercessor, and 

Advocate for His people (Romans 8:34; Hebrews 7:25; 9:24; 1 John 2:1–2). 

PNEUMATOLOGY 

The Study of the Holy Spirit 

His Salvation Work. We believe the Holy Spirit is a Person who convicts the world of sin, righteousness, 

and judgment; that at the moment of salvation He regenerates and indwells all believers during this present 

age, baptizes them into the body of Christ, seals them unto the day of redemption, and imparts to them at 

least one spiritual gift for the good of all mankind (John 16:8–11; Romans 8:9; 1 Corinthians 12:7, 12–14; 

Ephesians 1:13–14). 

His Postsalvation Work. The Spirit continues to minister to believers throughout their lives by comforting, 

convicting, enabling, interceding on behalf of, leading, producing fruit in, sanctifying, teaching, and 

witnessing to one’s human spirit. Each believer is commanded to walk by means of the Holy Spirit, but the 

Spirit is grieved or quenched by acts of personal sin (John 16:12–15; Acts 9:31; Romans 8:14, 16, 26; 9:1; 

Galatians 5:16–18, 22–23; Ephesians 3:16–20; 4:30; 1 Thessalonians 5:19). 

Spiritual Gifts. The Holy Spirit gives spiritual gifts to every believer. These gifts are God-given abilities 

that Christians should employ to serve one another as good stewards of the manifold grace of God. God used 

some spiritual gifts (such as apostleship, miracles, tongues, healings, and prophecy) that were temporary in 

nature as signs to unbelieving Jews and as a validation of the New Testament message and its messengers. 

The sign gifts legitimately functioned until the completion of the canon of Scripture, ceasing by the end of 

the first century (Romans 12:6–8; 1 Corinthians 12:7–11, 28–30; 13:8–10; 14:21–22; Ephesians 2:20; 4:11; 

Hebrews 2:3b–4; 1 Peter 4:10). 

ANGELOLOGY 

The Study of Angels 

Existence. We believe in the existence of a superior creation called angels now divided into two categories: 

elect and fallen. Fallen angels (demons) are enemies of God and all people; they further divide into two 

classes: imprisoned and free (Mark 8:38; 1 Timothy 4:1; 5:21; 2 Peter 2:4; Jude 6). 

Angelic Conflict. The Bible reveals a conflict between Satan and his forces (the fallen angels) and Michael, 

an archangel, and the elect angelic forces. This conflict has real impact on Christians, and thus, they are to


prepare themselves for effective spiritual warfare. Through observing man, angels learn the wisdom of God 

(Daniel 10:13; Ephesians 3:10; 6:10–18; cf. Revelation 12:7–9). 

Satan. God’s Word reveals the personality, fall, and program of Satan, the leader of the fallen angels. His 

future confinement is in the Lake of Fire with all fallen angels and unbelieving humans. There they will 

experience everlasting conscious torment (Ezekiel 28:12–17; Job 1:6–7; Revelation 12:7–9; 20:10). 

ANTHROPOLOGY 

The Study of Man 

Creation. We accept the Genesis account of creation and believe that God created the universe by His 

spoken word in the seven consecutive and literal days there recorded (Genesis 1; Psalm 33:6, 9). 

The Fall. We believe mankind was created in the image and likeness of God and that in Adam’s sin the 

human race fell, inherited a sinful nature, and became alienated from God (Genesis 1:26–27; Romans 3:22– 

23; 5:12; 1 Corinthians 11:7; Ephesians 2:12). 

Total Depravity. We believe mankind is neither inherently good nor able to merit eternal salvation. There is 

nothing in Adam’s fallen descendants with which God can be pleased. Mankind is, therefore, completely 

dependent upon God’s grace for eternal salvation from Hell (Isaiah 64:6; Romans 3:9–18; 6:23; 7:18). 

Evidence of Man’s Depraved Condition. We believe that Romans 1–3 gives an excellent summary of what 

mankind is like before regeneration. Every human being has sinned and falls short of the glory of God. 

Mankind’s sinfulness—upon which the wrath of God is presently being revealed—is characterized by 

lesbianism, homosexuality, covetousness, maliciousness, murder, deceit, gossip, violence, disobedience to 

parents, and unmerciful attitudes and actions (Romans 1:18, 24–32; 3:23). 

HAMARTIOLOGY 

The Study of Sin 

We believe the Scripture reveals three categories of sin: Imputed Sin, Inherent Sin, and Personal Sin. 

Imputed Sin. At conception God credits to every member of the human race the responsibility and penalty 

for Adam’s sin (Romans 5:12; 5:18–19; 1 Corinthians 15:22). 

Inherent Sin (Sin Nature). Every person inherits a sinful capacity that causes and leads him to commit 

personal acts of sin (Romans 6:6; 7:17–18; Ephesians 4:22). 

Personal Sin. Any lack of conformity to the will of God in word, thought, or deed is an act of personal sin 

against the Lord (Mark 7:20–23; Romans 6:12–13; 2 Corinthians 10:5; James 3:5–6). 

SOTERIOLOGY 

The Study of Salvation 

Genuine Offer of Salvation. Since it is impossible for God to be unfair to any person, and since He loves all 

men equally, desires all men to be saved, is not willing that any should perish, and invites all men to be 

saved, He freely and graciously offers salvation to all men. The drawing ministries of the Father and the Son 

and the convicting ministry of the Holy Spirit make it genuinely possible for any member of the human race 

to receive the Lord Jesus Christ (Isaiah 45:21; John 3:16; 6:44; 12:32; 16:7–11; Acts 10:34–35; 16:31; 

Romans 5:8; 8:32; 1 Timothy 2:4; 2 Peter 2:1; 1 John 2:2).


Election. We believe Scripture reveals two clear and indisputable lines of evidence. One line shows God 

sovereignly choosing His own in Christ; the other shows man possessing the function of volition, able to 

receive or reject God’s uniquely born Son (regarding sovereignty, see Job 42:2; Psalm 135:6; Isaiah 46:9–10; 

Jeremiah 1:5; Matthew 24:22, 24, 31; Luke 18:7; Romans 8:29–33; Galatians 1:15; 2 Timothy 2:10; 1 Peter 

1:1–2; regarding human volition, see John 1:9–13; 3:16, 36; 6:47; 20:30–31; Acts 16:30–31; Romans 10:11– 

13; 1 John 5:9–13, as well as every command in the epistles). 

Means of Salvation. We believe salvation is the gift of God brought to mankind by grace and received by 

personal faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, whose precious blood was shed for the forgiveness of our sins. God 

neither overrules nor implants mankind’s volition in accepting or rejecting His provision of salvation. A 

human being appropriates salvation by the sole means of faith alone in Jesus Christ alone, whose death and 

resurrection are the ground of man’s salvation. The means of salvation is to be properly correlated with and 

distinguished from issues related to discipleship (Acts 16:31; 4:12; John 1:12; 3:16, 18; 20:31; Ephesians 

1:7; 2:8–10; 1 Peter 1:18–19; 2 Peter 3:9; 1 John 5:11–12). 

No act of obedience (other than faith in Christ), whether preceding or following faith in the Lord Jesus 

Christ, such as commitment or willingness to obey, sorrow for sin, turning from sin, baptism, or submission 

to the Lordship of Christ, may be added to, or considered a part of, faith as a condition for receiving eternal 

salvation. The saving transaction between God and the sinner consists simply of the giving and receiving of a 

free gift that is without cost to the believer (John 4:10; Romans 4:5; Galatians 2:16; Ephesians 2:8–9; Titus 

3:5; Revelation 22:17). 

Eternal Security. A Christian, having believed in Christ as Savior at one moment in time, God forever keeps 

secure. However, God does discipline an erring son as a beloved child when necessary. Salvation once 

possessed cannot be lost. This belief in God’s merciful and secure salvation is not a license for careless living 

but, on the contrary, a powerful incentive for godly living (John 10:27–30; Romans 8:38–39; 12:1–2; 

1 Corinthians 1:4–9; 12:12; Hebrews 10:14; 12:6–13; 1 Peter 1:3–5). 

Assurance. One’s assurance of eternal salvation comes through faith in the promise God makes in His Word 

that everyone who trusts in Jesus Christ possesses eternal life. Good works, which can and should follow 

regeneration, are not necessary to a firm assurance of eternal life (John 5:24; 6:47; Ephesians 2:10; Titus 3:8; 

1 John 5:9–13). 

DISPENSATIONS 

The Study of God’s Oversight of History 

Dispensations are the divine administrations of human affairs from Adam through the end of time. Though 

time is not a primary consideration, each divine administration, or Dispensation, relates to a definite period of 

human history. The vast majority of the Bible deals with three such Dispensations: the Dispensation of Israel 

from the call of Abraham to Christ (which itself may be divided into the age of the patriarchs or promise and 

the age of the Law), the present Dispensation of the Church from Pentecost to the Rapture, and the future 

Dispensation of Christ’s 1000-year kingdom, theologically designated as the Millennium. There should be no 

blurring or confusion of Israel and the Church; God deals distinctly with each group (Genesis 12:1–3; John 

1:17; Acts 2; 1 Corinthians 10:32; Galatians 3:19; Ephesians 1:10; Revelation 20:1–7). 

Dispensations are not different ways of forgiveness and eternal life, but different administrations of God as 

He superintends the way mankind lives on earth. Eternal salvation was, is, and always will be a free gift by 

grace alone through faith alone in Jesus Christ alone (Ephesians 2:9–10).


ECCLESIOLOGY 

The Study of the Church 

The Universal Church. We believe the Church, that is, the body and future bride of Christ, is a spiritual 

entity made up of all born-again believers of this present age, regardless of their affiliation with churches or 

other organizations (Ephesians 1:22–23; 5:25–27; 1 Corinthians 12:12–14; Ephesians 4:11–16). The birth 

date of the Church was the day of Pentecost (cf. Acts 1:5 with 11:15–16 and ch. 2). The Church is a distinct 

entity, not to be confused with Israel (1 Corinthians 11:32). 

The Local Church. The universal Church is visibly functional through fellowship groups, called local 

churches, meeting in identifiable locations (1 Corinthians 1:1-2). Local churches should be autonomously 

governed by their own leadership (Philippians 1:1; 1 Timothy 5:17; Hebrews 13:17). The congregation is 

responsible to submit to its leadership (Hebrews 13:17). We believe that the local church is an assembly of 

believers meeting together for the purposes of worship, communion, Bible study, prayer, fellowship, mutual 

care, discipline, and witnessing (Acts 2:41–47; 1 Corinthians 11:23–26; Galatians 6:2; Hebrews 10:24–25). 

Church Leaders. We believe that God calls qualified men to lead and teach the assembled congregation, 

and that a woman is neither to teach men nor to exercise authority over men in the church. In all other areas 

of church life and ministry, women may and should serve (1 Corinthians 11:3; 14:33b–37; 1 Timothy 2:12– 

15). 

ESCHATOLOGY 

The Study of the End Times (Prophecy) 

The Blessed Hope. We believe the next great event in the fulfillment of prophecy is the coming of the Lord 

Jesus in the air to receive to Himself, in the twinkling of an eye, both the dead in Christ and believers who 

remain alive. The theological designation for this event is the Rapture of the Church (1 Corinthians 15:51– 

52; Philippians 3:20–21; 1 Thessalonians 1:9–10; 4:13–5:10; Titus 2:11–14; 1 John 3:2). 

The Tribulation. We believe the Rapture of the Church will be followed by the fulfillment of Israel’s 

Seventieth Week, a seven-year period of tribulation, the latter half of which is the time of Jacob’s trouble, the 

Great Tribulation (Daniel 9:24–27; Jeremiah 30:7; Matthew 24:15–21; Revelation 6:1–17). 

The Second Coming. We believe that the climax of the great tribulation will be the premillennial return of 

the Lord Jesus Christ, who will make His enemies His footstool and set up His Kingdom on earth (Zechariah 

14:4–11; Matthew 24–25; Acts 1:11; 2 Thessalonians 1:7–10; Hebrews 2:8; 10:12–13; Revelation 19:11– 

20:10). 

The Millennium. For a thousand years following His second coming, Christ will reign over the nations of 

the earth with a rod of iron in righteousness and justice with peace (Revelation 20:1–10; Isaiah 9:6–7). 

The Eternal State. We believe the souls and spirits of those who have believed in the promised Messiah 

(Jesus Christ) for salvation at death immediately pass into His presence. They remain there in conscious bliss 

until the resurrection of the body, or translation at the Rapture, when soul and body reunited shall be 

associated with Him forever in glory. The souls of unbelievers remain after death in conscious misery until 

the final judgment of the Great White Throne, after the close of the Millennium. Then, with soul and body 

reunited, they shall be cast into the torments of Hell from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of His 

power (Luke 6:19–25; 23:43; 2 Corinthians 5:8; Philippians 1:23; 2 Thessalonians 1:2–9; 2:11–15).


THE GRACE RESPONSIBILITIES 

OF BELIEVERS 

The Christian’s reasonable service of worship is to become a disciple of Christ, living in a manner worthy of 

his high calling in Christ. It is the obligation and privilege of every believer to witness by life and by word to 

the truths of Scripture and to seek to promote the gospel in all the world. It is the responsibility of all 

believers to remember the work of the Lord in prayer and to support it with their financial resources as the 

Lord has prospered them (Acts 1:8; Romans 12:1–2; 14:13; 1 Corinthians 5:9–13; 16:2; 2 Corinthians 5:20; 

6:14–7:1; 9:7; Philippians 2:1–11; 1 John 2:6). 

We believe the following principles are to be followed for proper conduct where doubtful things, that is, 

things not specifically addressed in the Bible, exist: 

(1) One must recognize that Christ gives the believer liberty to participate in what the Scripture does 

not prohibit (Romans 14:14; 1 Corinthians 6:12; 10:23; Galatians 5:1; Titus 2:15). 

(2) One must understand that personal liberty is not the highest principle of conduct—love is (1 

Corinthians 8:1, cf. 9–11)! Consequently, if using one’s liberty to participate in a doubtful thing 

causes a weaker Christian to stumble, then out of love, the stronger Christian should not 

participate. To cause a weaker believer to stumble is to influence him or her to take part in 

something against his weaker conscience. This becomes an act of personal sin for both people 

(Romans 14:23; 1 Corinthians 8:10, 12). Accordingly, to cause another to stumble does not mean 

merely to perturb or irritate him, but rather to entice him to participate in something contrary to 

the dictates of his weaker conscience (cf. Romans 14:23). 

(3) When fellow Christians disagree on their management of doubtful things, they should live and let 

live! They should not attempt to pass judgment on the opinions of others in the area of doubtful 

things (Romans 14:1), but rather let each man be fully convinced in his own mind (Romans 

14:5). This is dealing with one another in grace! 

The ultimate goal of the Holy Spirit’s work in the believer’s life is to produce spiritual maturity reflected in 

consistent Christlike attitudes and behavior that glorify God (Galatians 5:22–25; Colossians 1:23–29). 

Obedience to the Word of God, therefore, while not necessary for obtaining eternal salvation from Hell, is 

the essential responsibility of each Christian (Romans 6:12–23; 1 Corinthians 2:14–3:4; Hebrews 5:13–14). 

The Bible does not teach that obedience will be manifested to the same degree in all believers. If a believer 

does not yield to the ministry of the Holy Spirit in his or her experience, failure will result. This will be 

evidenced by sinful acts or even prolonged disobedience (1 Corinthians 10:1–13; Galatians 5:16–21). The 

Bible labels this failure carnality, or living that is characterized by the control of the flesh, during which the 

believer looks no different than the unbeliever (1 Corinthians 3:1–4). God responds to carnal behavior with 

divine discipline (Hebrews 12:4–13), which may come in degrees, even to physical death (1 Corinthians 

11:30).

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