Emotion representation and physiology assignments in digital systems
Emotion representation and physiology assignments in digital systems
Emotion representation and physiology assignments in digital systems
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Appendix B. Studies of voice quality based on a discrete structure of emotion<br />
Intensity: the <strong>in</strong>strumentally measurable factor correspond<strong>in</strong>g to the loudness of a sound. Derivable from the amplitude or amount<br />
of <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> air pressure dur<strong>in</strong>g a sound.<br />
F 0 : the fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency <strong>in</strong> a harmonic series, the frequency of repetition of the complex waveform. In<br />
speech, it corresponds to the rate of vocal cord vibration.<br />
Pitch contours (phrase): the pitch contour of the whole phrase can be designed as a ris<strong>in</strong>g, fall<strong>in</strong>g or straight contour. The contours<br />
are parameterised by a gradient.<br />
Banse/Scherer (1996)<br />
Meta-analysis: Johnstone/<br />
Scherer (2000)<br />
Murray/Arnott (1993) Scherer (1993)<br />
Fear<br />
Intensity<br />
Panic: <strong>in</strong>crease anxiety:<br />
No significant difference<br />
decrease<br />
F 0 floor/mean<br />
Panic: <strong>in</strong>crease anxiety: Increase IncreaseC Increase a<br />
decrease<br />
F 0 variability<br />
F 0 range IncreaseC Increase<br />
Pitch Contour (phrase) b<br />
High freq. energy Increase Increase<br />
Speech/art. rate<br />
Panic: <strong>in</strong>crease anxiety:<br />
<strong>in</strong>crease<br />
Increase IncreaseC Increase<br />
Anger<br />
Intensity<br />
Banse/Scherer Burkhardt/Sendlmeier<br />
(2000) (1996) c c<br />
Hot anger: <strong>in</strong>creaseCcold<br />
anger:<br />
<strong>in</strong>crease<br />
Meta-analysis:<br />
Johnstone/Scherer<br />
(2000)<br />
Murray/Arnott<br />
(1993)<br />
Increase Increase Increase<br />
Scherer (1993)<br />
F 0 floor/mean Hot anger: <strong>in</strong>crease No <strong>in</strong>crease d Increase IncreaseC Increase Cold anger:<br />
decrease<br />
F 0 variability Increase Increase<br />
F 0 range Increase Increase Increase Cold anger: <strong>in</strong>crease<br />
158<br />
C. Peter, A. Herbon / Interact<strong>in</strong>g with Computers 18 (2006) 139–170
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