Emotion representation and physiology assignments in digital systems

Appendix B. (continued)
Murray/Arnott (1993) Banse/Scherer (1996)
162
High freq. energy
Speech/art. rate
DecreaseC
Banse/Scherer (1996)
Contempt
Intensity
F 0 floor/mean
F 0 variability
F 0 range
Pitch contour (phrase)
High freq. energy
Speech/art. rate
Decrease
Decrease
a Has also been found for milder forms of fear, such as worry or anxiety.
b Decrease, downward directed; increase, upward directed.
c In Banse/Scherer (1996) and in Burkhardt/Sendlmeier (2000), basic emotions are split into pairs, differing by the extent of arousal.
d ‘In combination with a fast speech rate, a raised mean pitch leads to a lower identification rate of anger. It seems that this combination of features tends to express cold
anger, a category not explicitly defined in this exp.’ (Burkhardt/Sendlmeier (2000)).
e Decrease, downward directed; increase, upward directed.
f High, crying despair; low, quiet sorrow.
g Decrease, downward directed; increase, upward directed.
h Most studies have investigated the low-arousal form.
i
High, joy/elation (German ‘Freude’).
j
Low, happiness (German ‘Zufriedenheit’, ‘Wohlbefinden’), see Burkhardt/Sendlmeier (2000) for more speech variables.
C. Peter, A. Herbon / Interacting with Computers 18 (2006) 139–170