a comparative study of the facilities in rural and urban - journal ...

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INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
APRIL 2012
VOL 3, NO 12
class 1-5) being the first and basic stage of education enable people learn reading,
writing and simple arithmetic. Being the initial stage and a base for further education it
needs high concentration.
In the field of economic development of a country human resource is of great
importance. When a country uses her full human resources she develops rapidly. The
socio economic situations in Pakistan also manifest a sorry state. Pakistan stands at
138th number out of 188 countries and is the fifth populated country among South
Asian Countries. Pakistan is in 6th number in 7 SAARC countries and is better than
Nepal only. The Human Development Index (HDI) of United Nation denotes Pakistan
as a third most illiterate country in the world.
At the time of independence about 90 % of our population was illiterate with only a
handful of educational institutions.
(“Problems of Education in Pakistan” By Nasim J.Q. 2002).
The first educational conference of Pakistan which was held in Karachi in November
1947 shortly after Pakistan’s creation, Quid-e-Azam in his message to it, provided
guidelines for our educational system. It mentioned there is no doubt that the future of
our state will and must greatly depend upon the type of education we give to our
children, and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistan.
Education does not merely mean academic education. There is immediate and urgent
need for giving scientific and technical education to our people in order to build up our
future economic life and to see that our people take the science, commerce, trade and
particularly was planned industries. We should not forget that we have to compete with
the world, which is moving very fast in this direction (Tanvir 1998). Although our
literacy rate has improved comparatively but even then we cannot compete many
countries of the world as we could not succeed in taking our literacy rate to hundred.
Especially the rural areas of our country present a horrible picture of low literacy rate.
According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan (2007-08), literacy rate in technological
advanced countries is almost 100%, but in less developed countries is not like that.
Almost two decades ago literacy rate of Pakistan was only 34% (age 10 and above).
Population census 1972 and 1981 data indicates that in the 1960s and 1970s, literacy
rate improved by 0.5 % per year. Although the 1998 Census revealed a growth rate of
1.07% per year during 1981 to 1998 when the literacy rate (10 years and above) of
population rose from 26.2% to 43.9%. Such as in the current decade, the four indicators
like Literacy rate, Enrollment Rate, Gross Enrollment Rate and Net Enrollment Rate
have at a reasonable pace.
In fact, at the primary level sound increase occurred in the Gross Enrolment Ratio and
recorded 71% in 2001-02 and 84% in 2005-06. Primary school Net Enrolment Ratio
(NER) increased from 57% in 2001-02 to 66% in 2005-06. Such as contribution at the
secondary school level has also enhanced and the GER and the NER increased
respectively, from their levels in 2001-02 of 24% and 20%, to reach 31% and 24%.
Further, enrolment ratio in tertiary education, which was 2.5% during 1999- 2000, rose
significantly to its 3.7% level in 2005-06. If compared performance of primary
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