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ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS APRIL 2012 VOL 3, NO 12 The Concept of Education in the Views of Various Scholars The word "Education" has been derived from the Latin words educare, educere or educatum which mean "to train, to bring up and to lead out”, so to train and lead out the inner potentialities of an individual is called Education (Tanvir, 1998). Education has been defined in various ways. Some scholars define Education as. According to Imam Ghazali:"A process which enable an individual to distinguish between the true and the false, the good and the bad, the right conduct and the evil doing". Ghazali Imam. Ahya ul Uloom. 2004 dar ul ahya atturat alilmi. Berut. Labnon Ibne-Khaldun defines education in these words: "Education consists of the intellectual and normal training of the mankind through which their hidden potentialities are developed, traits of character are built, the knowledge and culture of the people is conveyed to the coming generations". Ibne Khuldun. Ahya ul Uloom. 2000 dar ul ahya atturat alilmi. Berut. Labnon "Education is developing the body and the soul of all the perfection which they are capable of ". (Plato) Education, Tariq Pervaiz khan, 2007.Majeed book depot. Urdu bazar Lahore. According to John Dewey (1916), "Education is the development of all those capacities in the individuals which enables him to control his environment and fulfill his responsibilities". Needs and Importance of Education in Islam Emphasizing the importance of education and learning in Islam it is enough to note that the first revelation of the prophet (PBUH) was read in the name of Lord. Allah has clearly bestowed on men the gift of knowledge. The Holy Quran at a number of places stresses on the observation of the universe and nature. In a place at Surah Taha "Allah addressing the prophet enjoins him to pray for the advancement of knowledge"(Surah Taha.Ayat. 114). The prophet (PBUH) highly valued education. He says, "Seek knowledge even if it is in China". (Al-Hadith)."The scholars and the students are the best of human beings.(Al-Hadith). At another place the Holy prophet has said and "Learned are the heirs of prophets" (Al-Hadith)."Acquisition of knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim Man and Woman".(Al-Hadit)}. He even acknowledged the importance of traveling in enriching one's experience and advised all Muslim Men and Women to acquire knowledge if it is available even in far -off places. And imam-ebukhari traveled for months in search of only one hadith. Primary Education in the Light of Various Educational Policies With the view to reform the education system of the country, an All Pakistan Education Conference was called upon right three months after the independence of the country. Founder of the nation Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the chairman. Despite the turmoil country was passing through as a newly born one, he put forward three suggestions. COPY RIGHT © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 403
ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS APRIL 2012 VOL 3, NO 12 Compulsory primary education. 5-4 years free primary education with slow extension in its duration up to eight years. Equality in access to education of girls and boys. The second educational conference held in 1951 was mostly a repetition of the first one but these two conferences proved to be the land mark in the history of education in Pakistan and the next 6 years plan was prepared in the light of the suggestions put forward by them. The National Educational Policy 1998-2010: A number of educational policies were made before the policy of 1998- 2010.Each and every one of them holds its own significance. Some of them were based on reconstruction, some based on re-orientation, some on mobilization base etc. The policy of 1998–2010 among all the previous policies stands prominent as it was designed on the image of the 21st century. The new century has its own needs. The world has changed a lot in the 20th century from its beginning to the last moment. Keeping the whole world in view the educational policy 1998-2010 was designed to fulfill the demands of the 21st century (Govt of Pakistan, 2007). METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION Nature of Research The nature of the study is descriptive. It consists of collecting, analyzing and interpreting of data keeping in mind all the factors responsible for the adequacy of physical, instructional and basic facilities. For collection of requisite data various instruments like questionnaire and interview schedule has been used in the field. Rationale of the Questionnaire In descriptive type of study the construction and use of questionnaire and interview schedules are popular to be used for collecting both quantitative and qualitative nature of data on the subject. A questionnaire constructed with hard work and patience will have advantages and would serve as a most appropriate data-gathering device in a research. Therefore great care has been taken in this respect. The questionnaires were constructed both in Urdu and English versions, which were used for the schools and the concerned persons of the department. Sampling Peshawar is the capital city of NWFP. The entire district is very large and thickly populated. The total area comprises 1257 square kilometers. The total numbers of Govt. Primary Schools for boys in district Peshawar is 691 in which 487 are in urban areas while 207 in rural areas. Thus it is difficult for the researcher to cover all the schools therefore 40 Government primary schools for boys have randomly been selected (20 from urban and 20 from rural areas) for research purpose. COPY RIGHT © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 404
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