Dampness and Mould - WHO guidelines for indoor air quality - PRWeb

More documents

Recommendations

Info

92 WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY: DAMPNESS AND MOULD current asthma and substantial increases in other respiratory health outcomes, suggesting that 21% of current asthma in the United States may be attributable to residential dampness and mould (Fisk, Lei-Gomez, Mendell, 2007; Mudarri, Fisk, 2007). These estimates, for imprecisely defined risk factors, cannot indicate true causal relationships and must be interpreted with caution, but they suggest that some dampness-related risk factors contribute substantially to the burden of human respiratory disease.
93 5. Evaluation of human health risks and guidelines 5.1 Summary Sufficient epidemiological evidence is available from studies conducted in different countries and under different climatic conditions to show that the occupants of damp or mouldy buildings, both houses and public buildings, are at increased risk of respiratory symptoms, respiratory infections and exacerbation of asthma. Some evidence suggests increased risks of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Although few intervention studies are available, their results show that remediation of dampness problems can reduce adverse health outcomes. There is clinical evidence that exposure to mould and other dampness-related microbial agents increases the risks of rare conditions, such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic alveolitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic fungal sinusitis. Toxicological evidence obtained in vivo and in vitro supports these findings, showing the occurrence of diverse inflammatory and toxic responses after exposure to microorganisms – including their spores, metabolites and components – isolated from damp buildings. While groups such as atopic and allergic people are particularly susceptible to biological and chemical agents in damp indoor environments, adverse health effects have also been found in nonatopic populations. The increasing prevalences of asthma and allergies in many countries increase the number of people susceptible to the effects of dampness and mould in buildings. 5.2 Conditions that contribute to health risks The prevalence of indoor dampness varies widely within and among countries, continents and climate zones. It is estimated to affect 10–50% of indoor environments in Australia, Europe, India, Japan and North America. In certain settings, such as river valleys and coastal areas, the conditions of dampness are substantially more severe than the national average. The amount of water available on or in materials is the most important trigger of the growth of microorganisms, including fungi, actinomycetes and other bacteria. Microorganisms are ubiquitous. Microbes propagate rapidly wherever water is available. The dust and dirt normally present in most indoor spaces provide
Page 1:
WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR QUALI
Page 4 and 5:
Keywords AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR - ad
Page 6 and 7:
Abstract Microbial pollution is a k
Page 8 and 9:
4. Health effects associated with d
Page 10 and 11:
VIII WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR
Page 12 and 13:
X Acknowledgements Preparation of t
Page 14 and 15:
XII Executive summary This document
Page 16 and 17:
XIV WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR Q
Page 18 and 19:
XVI WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR Q
Page 20 and 21:
2 WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR QUA
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
10 WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR QU
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 49 and 50:
31 3. Moisture control and ventilat
Page 51 and 52:
MOISTURE CONTROL AND VENTILATION 33
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60: MOISTURE CONTROL AND VENTILATION 41
Page 81 and 82: 63 4. Health effects associated wit
Page 83 and 84: HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH DAMP
Page 109: HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH DAMP
Page 113: EVALUATION OF HUMAN HEALTH RISKS AN
Page 116 and 117: 98 WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR QU
Page 118 and 119: 100 WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR Q
Page 148 and 149: 130 HEALTH RISKS OF OZONE FROM LONG
Page 151 and 152: 133 Annex 1. Summary of epidemiolog
Page 153 and 154: ANNEX 1. SUMMARY OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
Page 161 and 162:
ANNEX 1. SUMMARY OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
215 Annex 2. Summary of in vitro an
Page 235 and 236:
ANNEX 2. SUMMARY OF IN VITRO AND IN
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 248:
When sufficient moisture is availab
show all

Dampness and Mould - WHO guidelines for indoor air quality - PRWeb

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?