Dampness and Mould - WHO guidelines for indoor air quality - PRWeb

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224 WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY: DAMPNESS AND MOULD TABLE A2.2. CONT. Animal (exposure route) Mouse (intratracheal) Infant rats (intratracheal) Exposure S. chartarum, trichothecene (JS58-17)- and atranone (JS58-06)-producing strains; C. cladosporioides S. chartarum (intact, autoclaved and ethanol-extracted spores) Mouse (aspiration) Penicillium chrysogenum Mouse (nasal) Satratoxin G isolated from S. chartarum Mouse (nasal) S. chartarum plus ovalbumin sensitization Rat (intratracheal) S. chartarum Mouse (intratracheal) C3H7Hej mouse, BALB/c mouse, C57BL76j mouse (intratracheal) Atranones A and C from S. chartarum S. chartarum
ANNEX 2. SUMMARY OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES 225 Main findings BALF. Total protein, albumin, pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, TNF-α) and LDH responses significantly different (time and dose dependently) by fungal species (S. chartarum vs C. cladosporioides) and fungal strain (JS58-17 vs S58-06) Reference Flemming, Hudson, Rand (2004) Low doses of both of S. chartarum strains caused significantly higher responses than C. cladosporioides. Reduced alveolar space (largest effect with intact spores) Potency of different spore preparations on inflammatory cells, cytokine and protein concentrations: intact > autoclaved > extracted Allergic asthma-like responses with repeated dosing (dose dependently). Immediate respiratory responses and metacholine hyperresponsiveness and increased BALF eosinophils, IL-5, total IgE and serum total IgE Elevated expression of proapoptotic genes in olfactory sensory neurons and epithelium Yike, Rand, Dearborn (2005) Chung et al. (2005) Islam, Harkema, Pestka (2006) Cumulative effects with low doses on five consecutive days Elevated mRNA expession of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in nasal airways and adjacent olfactory bulb of the brain (neurotoxicity) Effects of sensitization: Increased eosinophils and neutrophils Granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates in lungs, increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α and a chemokine (CCL3/MIP-1 α) Down-regulated airway hyperresponsiveness and decrease in Th2 cytokines Decreased alveolar macrophage viability, increased lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D activity Elevated macrophages, neutrophils, MIP-1, TNF-α, IL-6 in BALF Mouse strain differences affected responses to S. chartarum BALB/c only strain to show significant increase in BAL cytokines (KC, MCP-1, MCP-3, MIP-1 α, MIP-1β, MIP-γ, MIP-2, CCL-5, IL-1α, , IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IL-18, leukaemia inhibitory factor, macrophage colony factor and TNF-α) Leino et al. (2006) Pieckova et al. (2006) Rand et al. (2006) Rosenblum Lichtenstein et al. (2006)
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WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR QUALI
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Keywords AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR - ad
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Abstract Microbial pollution is a k
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4. Health effects associated with d
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VIII WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR
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X Acknowledgements Preparation of t
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XII Executive summary This document
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XIV WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR Q
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XVI WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR Q
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2 WHO GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR AIR QUA
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31 3. Moisture control and ventilat
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MOISTURE CONTROL AND VENTILATION 33
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63 4. Health effects associated wit
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH DAMP
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93 5. Evaluation of human health ri
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EVALUATION OF HUMAN HEALTH RISKS AN
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130 HEALTH RISKS OF OZONE FROM LONG
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133 Annex 1. Summary of epidemiolog
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ANNEX 1. SUMMARY OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
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Page 191 and 192: ANNEX 1. SUMMARY OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
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