Final Land Acquisition Book English.indd - Forest Peoples Programme

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6 5 4 3 Million Hectares 2 1 0 1968 1978 1998 2004 2005 Figure 1.2: Areas of productive oil palm in Indonesia Oil palm plantings in Indonesia are not only expanding in total area but are also experiencing a rapid transformation of ownership. Early plantations were predominantly state-run schemes, many financed by World Bank, European Community and Asian Development Bank loans. During the 1970s and 1980s, expansion focused on developing plantations in government-sponsored transmigration schemes (PIR-Trans), in which para-statal agencies controlled nucleus estates (inti) surrounded by extensive areas made up of 2 to 5 hectare smallholdings (plasma) operated by sponsored migrants. 11 Today, however, the greatest expansion is in private sector holdings, not only through the privatisation of previous state-owned enterprises but also through the establishment of extensive new plantings. Many of these private sector schemes are funded through international investments or as local subsidiaries of foreign corporations. By 2002, there were some 50 Malaysian companies operating in Indonesia. There are great local and regional differences in the extent to which private sector companies are obliged to establish smallholdings as part of these estates. 22 Palm Oil and <strong>Land</strong> <strong>Acquisition</strong> in Indonesia
33% Smallholder 50% Parastatal Private Sector 17% Figure 1.3: Oil palm ownership in Indonesia 12 These broad trends seem set to continue but government figures show that rates of land acquisition for plantations fell temporarily following the collapse of the Suharto regime in 1998. 13 It took more than four years before investors regained confidence and established new political connections so that rates of planting could be restored to the levels achieved under the Orde Baru (figure 1.4), though, according to more recent Figure 1.4: Annual rate of oil palm planting in Indonesia 1996-2002 14 Introduction 23
Page 2 and 3: Promised Land: Palm Oil and Land Ac
Page 4 and 5: Acknowledgements The authors would
Page 6 and 7: Contents Executive Summary 11 Chapt
Page 8 and 9: Acronyms ADB AMDAL ANDAL APL BAL BA
Page 10 and 11: SKT SPPT TGHK UN UPSB UPSBM UPSBK U
Page 12 and 13: mainly so speculators can get acces
Page 14 and 15: Policies Favour Large-scale Plantat
Page 16 and 17: In effect the government is failing
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Reasons
Page 20 and 21: Notwithstanding these limitations,
Page 24 and 25: figures, in the past five years, an
Page 26 and 27: Table 1.2. Provincial Government Pl
Page 28 and 29: Figure 1.5 Areas of current oil pal
Page 30 and 31: Endnotes: 1 Foe 2004; Wakker 2004;
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2 Towards Responsible Palm
Page 34 and 35: The 25 persons were selected from a
Page 36 and 37: Details about negotiated agreements
Page 38 and 39: A simplified version of the TNC/DfI
Page 40 and 41: Negotiating acceptable standards fo
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 3 The Normative Framework -
Page 44 and 45: 3.2 Government Policy on Palm Oil D
Page 46 and 47: evaluate proposals for conversion o
Page 48 and 49: Moreover, although the Act emphasiz
Page 50 and 51: corresponding customary law communi
Page 52 and 53: Although the application of this pr
Page 54 and 55: were part of national development p
Page 56 and 57: electricity. 52 It is not clear tha
Page 58 and 59: ISSUANCE PROCEDURE STAGES FOR PLANT
Page 60 and 61: Translation Section for the table a
Page 62 and 63: According to the Decree, to obtain
Page 64 and 65: Article 8 of this decree states tha
Page 66 and 67: Table 3.1: Indonesian Forest Area b
Page 68 and 69: option available. The overarching l
Page 70 and 71: several times the last being Staatb
Page 72 and 73:
Chapter 4 Case Studies As part of t
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In the 1990s, the coastal adat comm
Page 76 and 77:
In the New Order era, communities w
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project participants, who have not
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Testimony of Mr. Ajan, from Ngaras,
Page 82 and 83:
On 10 December 1993, the land offic
Page 84 and 85:
fact that the compensation being pr
Page 86 and 87:
Figure 4.2 Map of Kampung & Adat ar
Page 88 and 89:
Figure 4.3 Map of Plasma & Nucleus
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6,260 ha. of land in Bengkunat. Lik
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4.1.6 Land Redistribution: Marga Re
Page 94 and 95:
international transportation linkin
Page 96 and 97:
The government of Sanggau district
Page 98 and 99:
Table 4.4: Land Use of Proposed PT
Page 100 and 101:
These changes have also had their c
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4.3 PTPN XIII 4.3.1 Background to P
Page 104 and 105:
lands were allocated to the company
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through the required process of lan
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▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ PTP
Page 110 and 111:
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Smallholder fam
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transmigration uniform, with passio
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Testimony of a third Transmigrant I
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widely publicised Decree of the Min
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The Environmental Impact Assessment
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Official in the Provincial Regional
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Mr. Ir. Pontas Sihotang, Head of Pl
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of executive members. In this situa
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The company successfully acquired 1
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Local people strongly rejected the
Page 130 and 131:
Under the still vigorous customary
Page 132 and 133:
authority to decide. In some cases,
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Since 1992, Pasaman District has be
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Those arrested from Kapar were late
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Picture 4. Recommendation Letter of
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▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Land acquisition sh
Page 142 and 143:
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Accept migrants c
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Picture 6. A letter of ulayat land
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Local community members of Kapar re
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4.6.8 A history of Land Disputes in
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distinct from other community membe
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not written. The formal validation
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According to the Head of BPN in Wes
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Endnotes: 1 LeBar (1972) refers to
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Mulang Maya (Choiruddin); Village h
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activist and legal adviser to this
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Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ria
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147 In accordance with Law No. 56 o
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Chapter 5 Legal Analysis Chapter 3
Page 168 and 169:
5.1.1 Land Ownership As noted, a ba
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We can see these elements in confli
Page 172 and 173:
2. The second model is an agreement
Page 174 and 175:
environmental impacts, could place
Page 176 and 177:
The Forestry Law (UU Kehutanan): li
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not have been categorized as State
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▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ At the stage when a
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estate labourers, out-growers or di
Page 184 and 185:
▪ ▪ ▪ Establishment of open a
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▪ If RSPO adopted lowered standar
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Boomgard (1998) Between Sovereign D
Page 190 and 191:
ICBS (1997: 88) Kalimantan Review (
Page 192 and 193:
Sargent, Howard J (2001) Vegetation
Page 194 and 195:
Appendix Total 8 Principles and 39
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promote the positive ones are made,
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Final Land Acquisition Book English.indd - Forest Peoples Programme

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