SSP 336 The Catalytic Coated Diesel Particulate Filter - Volkspage

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Introduction Harmful substances caused by combustion The harmful substances, and particulate emissions in particular, are influenced in a diesel engine by the combustion process. This process is affected by many factors relating to the construction, the fuel itself and the atmosphere. The following illustration shows an overview of the inlet and exhaust components of a diesel engine during combustion. Injected fuel: HC Hydrocarbons S Sulphur Intake air: O 2 Oxygen N 2 Nitrogen H 2 O Water (humidity) approx. 67% Exhaust gas: O 2 Oxygen N 2 Nitrogen H 2 O Water CO 2 Carbon dioxide N 2 approx. 12% SO 2 CO 2 approx. 11% PM H 2 O HC approx. O 2 0.3% NO X approx. 10% CO S336_108 CO Carbon monoxide HC Hydrocarbons SO 2 Sulphur dioxide NOx Nitrogen oxide PM Carbon soot particles (PM = particulate matter) With regards to the damaging effect on the environment and health, the emissions from a diesel engine have various components that require different analyses. Those components that are already present in the atmosphere (oxygen, nitrogen and water) can be categorised as safe. Carbon dioxide, which is present in the atmosphere as a natural gas, is at the limit between safe and harmful due to its categorisation. It may not be poisonous, but in higher concentrations it can contribute towards the greenhouse effect. Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and particulates are categorised as harmful. 6
Harmful substances in the exhaust gas CO Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide (CO) is generated from oxygen deficiency as a result of the incomplete combustion of fuels containing carbon. It is a gas and has no colour, smell or taste. S336_014 HC Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons cover a wide range of different compounds (for example C 6 H 6 , C 8 H 18 ), which occur as a result of incomplete combustion. S336_016 SO 2 Sulphur dioxide Sulphur dioxide is generated by the combustion of fuel containing sulphur. It is a gas without colour but with a pungent smell. The amount of sulphur added to fuel is decreasing. S336_018 NO x Nitrogen oxides Nitrogen oxides (for example NO, NO 2 , . . .) are generated by high pressure, high temperature and excessive oxygen during combustion in the engine. S336_020 Carbon soot particles If there is an oxygen deficiency the result is a build up of carbon soot particles from incomplete combustion. S336_022 7
Page 1 and 2: Service Training Self-study program
Page 3 and 4: Contents Introduction . . . . . . .
Page 5: The exhaust gas Emissions standards
Page 9 and 10: Cause of carbon soot particles The
Page 11 and 12: External engine measures The releas
Page 13 and 14: The particle filter The catalytic c
Page 15 and 16: The coated zones in the diesel part
Page 17 and 18: Active regeneration With active reg
Page 19 and 20: Engine management during initiation
Page 21 and 22: Extended injection period at overru
Page 23 and 24: System overview CAN bus Control uni
Page 25 and 26: This is how it works: Particulate f
Page 27 and 28: Temperature sender after particulat
Page 29 and 30: The lambda probe G39 S336_098 The l
Page 31 and 32: Diesel particulate filter warning l
Page 33 and 34: System limits Frequent short trips
Page 35 and 36: Test yourself 1. What is meant by "

SSP 336 The Catalytic Coated Diesel Particulate Filter - Volkspage

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