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Name Date Class (continued) Hands-On Activities Data and Observations Covered soil sample Uncovered soil sample (A) Mass of Soil at Start (B) Mass of Eroded Soil Percent Soil Loss (B/A) ✕ 100 Analyze Your Data 1. Compare the percent of soil loss from each soil sample. 2. Compare your results with those of other groups. 3. What was your control in this experiment? Why is it a control? 4. Which were the variables you kept constant? Which did you vary? Conclude and Apply 1. Did the results support your hypothesis? Explain. 2. Infer what effect other types of plants would have in reducing soil erosion. Do you think that grass is better or worse than most other plants at reducing erosion? Explain your answer. Communicating Your Data Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper. In your letter, summarize what you learned in your experiment about the effect of plants on soil erosion. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 8 Weathering and Erosion
Name Date Class 1 Laboratory Activity Chemical and Mechanical Weathering When chemical weathering affects rocks, a chemical reaction occurs between the minerals in the rocks and chemical agents. The acidity in rainwater is one agent of chemical weathering. It can react with certain minerals to change rocks chemically. Mechanical weathering is the result of physical forces only. The mechanical weathering of rocks does not change them chemically, only physically. Strategy You will test the acidity of the rainwater in your area. You will demonstrate chemical weathering using cement and vinegar. Hands-On Activities Materials 5 small jars marker and labels 100 mL tap water 100 mL local rainwater 100 mL lemon juice 100 mL cola 100 mL ammonia litmus paper strips small piece of cement beaker white vinegar 20 sugar cubes jar with a lid 10 pieces of pea gravel WARNING: Do not eat, drink, or taste any of the materials used in this lab. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Procedure Part A 1. Pour tap water into the first jar. Label the jar Tap Water. 2. Pour the rainwater into the second jar. Label the jar Rainwater. 3. Pour lemon juice into the third jar. Label the jar Lemon Juice. 4. Pour the cola into the fourth jar. Label the jar Cola. 5. Pour the ammonia into the fifth jar. Label the jar Ammonia. 6. Dip the litmus paper into each jar and record the results in Table 1 under Data and Observations. (If the litmus paper turns red, it indicates an acidic material; if the litmus paper turns blue, it indicates a basic material. No change at all indicates a neutral material.) Part B 7. Describe the piece of cement in Table 2 under Data and Observations. 8. Place the piece of cement in a beaker. 9. Pour enough vinegar over the cement to cover it. 10. Leave the cement and vinegar in the glass for two to three days. 11. Record your observations. Part C 12. Describe the appearance of the sugar cubes in Table 3 under Data and Observations. 13. Place 10 sugar cubes in the jar, cover, and shake 20 times. 14. Pour the contents of the jar onto a piece of paper. Separate the cubes and the crumbs. Describe the changes you observe. 15. Repeat steps 13 and 14 using the cubes and crumbs from step 14. 16. Repeat steps 13 and 14, using 10 new sugar cubes and the 10 pieces of pea gravel. Weathering and Erosion 9
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