Danish Strategy for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells - HY-CO Home

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Abbreviations AKF DTU EFP R&D GW H 2 IA IEA IPHE IPR KVL kW PEMFC PSO RUC SOFC UPS The Institute of Local Government Studies – Denmark (in Danish: Amternes og Kommunernes Forksningsinstitut) The Technical University of Denmark (in Danish: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet) Energy Research Programme (in Danish: Energiforskningsprogram) Research and Development Gigawatts Hydrogen Implementing Agreement International Energy Agency International Partnership for Hydrogen Economy Intellectual Property Right The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University (in Danish: Den Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole) Kilowatts Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Public Service Obligation Roskilde University (in Danish: Roskilde Universitetscenter) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Uninterruptible Power Supply 3
Summary and Recommendations Hydrogen as an energy carrier is becoming an increasingly important item on the international political agenda for energy and research. Many countries in the world have great expectations for hydrogen and fuel cell technology as an important contributor to a future sustainable energy economy seeing a gradual reduction in the reliance on fossil fuels, a reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases and increased use of renewable sources of energy. A global development has begun towards a widespread use of hydrogen, the socalled hydrogen economy. This process will accelerate as oil prices rise and become unpredictable and new technological progress is made. The propagation of hydrogen as energy carrier and fuel depends on the commercial availability of fuel cell technology. This is an area in which Denmark already has a strong position internationally as a result of ongoing R&D since the early 1990s. Continued focus on the development and implementation of technologies involving the production, storage and system integration of hydrogen, partly in conjunction with fuel cell technology, creates the possibility of diversity and flexibility in energy supply in the long run. In the short and medium term, alternative fuels such as natural gas and rape seed oil can help reduce the oil dependency, and in the long term hydrogen will provide greenhouse gas emissionfree transportation. This strategy report describes existing and future technologies for hydrogen production, distribution and use. The international development in this field is also described. The report highlights the areas in which Danish R&D can help promote Danish industry in the future global market for hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. The report indicates the tools necessary for hydrogen to become part of the public Danish energy system. Finally, the report describes a possible organisational framework as well as the costs involved in a project of the mentioned scope. The strategy development comprised three stages. The initial stage involved an overview of key hydrogen technologies and international activities in general as well as an analysis of interested parties and an evaluation of the previous hydrogen programme. This stage was followed by intensive work among interested parties in six working groups spelling out the Danish competencies and possibilities (Appendix 1 contains a list of project participants). The groups work covered hydrogen production, storage and distribution, stationary and portable applications, application in the transport sector, international co-operation as well as economic aspects and future prospects. The reports from the working groups underlying the strategy were the subject of a workshop in November 2004. They were published together with the reports from the initial stage as independent working group reports and are available (in Danish) at www.energiforskning.dk. 4
Page 2 and 3: Preface In January 2004, the Danish
Page 6 and 7: The present report was produced by
Page 8 and 9: 1. Introduction Across the globe, m
Page 10 and 11: 2. Goals and Means The overall and
Page 12 and 13: other uses. Wind power based electr
Page 14 and 15: distribution is concerned, the exis
Page 16 and 17: Table 2. Visions for the developmen
Page 18 and 19: 4. International Perspective The de
Page 20 and 21: International co-operation forums w
Page 22 and 23: 5. Danish Focus on Hydrogen Technol
Page 24 and 25: 6. Implementation Effective technol
Page 26 and 27: Organisational framework The strate
Page 28 and 29: • to establish and maintain the g
Page 30 and 31: • the level of activity described
Page 32 and 33: Ole Bilde, Consultant, Elkraft Syst

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