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[Image Credits: Mike-Willis.com, aoptics.co.uk, asterism.com] … for “typical” conditions, towards the horizon effect leads to ~34’ increase in apparent altitude (so Sun has already set when appears to set) Ian M. George PHYS 304 (2011 Fall) Meeting 04
A final problem for ground-based observations (again esp in the optical band) is again due to the atmosphere. The atmosphere can be thought of consisting of many packets or bubbles of air in motion. … many of these will be along the line of sight to a target, with slightly different optical characteristics & motions … this results in the image of the target appearing to move slightly & vary in brightness on short timescales (…why stars “twinkle”) In “good seeing” the effect is < 1arcsec but in “bad seeing” conditions the effect can be many 10s of arcsec Ian M. George PHYS 304 (2011 Fall) Meeting 04
Page 1 and 2: Meeting #4 PHYS 304 Meeting 04
Page 3 and 4: [Image Credits: Stellarium] … rig
Page 5 and 6: …relationship between systems can
Page 7 and 8: … again its usually best to choos
Page 9 and 10: Origin: Sun “Special Direction #1
Page 11 and 12: … which corrections are really ne
Page 13 and 14: Tilt angle stays (approx) constant
Page 15 and 16: For the last few years… The preci
Page 17: … for ground-based observations
Page 21 and 22: … even spin axis wobbles (v.sligh
Page 23 and 24: there are 24 hours in a “Day”,
Page 25 and 26: Additional Slide [not shown in clas
Page 27 and 28: Solar Day is longer than Sidereal D
Page 29 and 30: ut Solar Time is actually a bit tri

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