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SECTION 3 : AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR FROM ANY PATIENT OR TpIR RELATIVE During your career as a Registered Nurse, has any patient or their relative (could be the same or different patient and their relative) ever acted toward you in any of the following ways: Please tick Never Sometimes Often Frequently Verbally threatened you I 1 II I 1 11 Verbally insulted you 11 11 I 1 I 1 Yelled at you 11 I 1 11 '1 Called you derogatory names I ] Sexually threatened you I ] M 11 Sexually insulted you M 11 Sexually touched you I 1 11 Made sexually suggestive , ^ II [ ] II I 1 comments Physically threatened you I ] ' 1 Slapped or stmck you Threw an object at you I 1 Hit you with an object I 1 301
SECTION 4 : REPORTING INCIDENTS OF AGGRESSTVl^. RFH A VTOTTP Formally = Official written report of incident and expectation of follow up action. Informally = Discussion of incident and no expectation of follow up action. QUESTION! Did you ever formally report the worst incident of aggressive behaviour you have experienced from any doctor? Did you expect to receive support ? Did you receive support ? QUESTION 2 Did you ever informally discuss the worst incident of aggressive behaviour you have experienced from any doctor? Did you expect to receive support ? I Did you receive support ? Please tick Yes [ ] Yes [ ] Yes [ ] Yes [ ] Yes [ ] Yes t ] No [ ] No [ ] No t ] No [ ] No [ ] No [ ] QUESTION 3 Did you ever formally report the worst incident of aggressive behaviour you have experienced from any colleague? Did your expect to receive support ? Did you receive support ? QUESTION 4 Did you ever informally discuss the worst incident of aggressive behaviour you have experienced from any colleague? Did you expect to receive support ? Did you receive support ? QUESTION 5 Did you ever formally report the worst incident of aggressive behaviour you have experienced from any patient or relative of a patient? Did you expect to receive support ? Did you receive support ? QUESTION 6 Did you ever informally discuss the worst incident of aggressive behaviour you have experienced from any patient or relative of a patient? Did you expect to receive support ? Did you receive support ? ^ Yes [ ] Yes [ ] Yes t ] Yes [ ] Yes [ J Yes [ ] Yes t ] Yes t ] Yes [ ] Yes [ ] Yes [ ] Yes t ] No [ ] No [ ] No [ ] No [ ] No [ ] No t ] No [ ] No [ ] No t ] No [ ] No [ ] No [ ] 302
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NURSES' RESPONSES TO WORK-RELATED A
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ABSTRACT The mcidence of work-relat
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very grateful
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2.4 Incidence of aggressive behavio
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7.2.1.4 Measuring perceived profess
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CHAPTER 10: FINDINGS OF THE EVDEPTH
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Major dimens
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Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Ap
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Chapman, & Fisher, 1995). Increasin
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(1993) have conceptualised competen
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This decision would be predicated u
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The effectiveness of organisations
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1.5.1 Evolutionary and psychologica
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1.5.3 Behavioural perspectives on a
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1.6 Rationale for the present inves
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Figure 1 Organisation of the thesis
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CHAPTER TWO NURSES' EXPERIENCES OF
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2.3.1 A range of definitions The me
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Examination of the literature shows
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Among other writers, Flemmg (1987:1
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...the application of force, seriou
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ascertain the scope of the problem
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antecedents include factors associa
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e likely to be on the receiving end
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violence is U.S. $4.3 billion annua
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2.7.1 Types of aggression Aggressio
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communication through words, tone,
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often a medical doctor. In Britain,
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professional status and unage. Freq
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noted two major patterns. Firstly t
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Tapsell (1990, in Lechky, 1994:739)
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Mason and Chandley (1999) observed
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1984). Many of the changes outiined
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workers, cynicism to patients, low
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CHAPTER THREE REPORTING AGGRESSION:
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Levy and Hortocollis (1976) provide
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where support combme with other fac
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(20 out of 22 sttidies) had found e
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support. Thus although there may fr
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"especially from one's supervisor,
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eceive support at all, rather than
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eporting futtue incidents. Fear of
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to which nurses must aspire. All cl
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measurements. In other words, compe
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[containmg] those competencies esse
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available resources. Hence, there i
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demand originating within or withou
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If the encounter seems to have no r
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subjective job-related competence d
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account die context m which coping
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elevant to the solution. Problem-fo
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level of violence was threatening e
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Lazaras and Folkman (1984) describe
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The social environment, tiien, thro
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as well as being underbenefited in
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aggression, institutional social su
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hypothesis, that institutional soci
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CHAPTER FTVE CONCEPTUALISATION OF T
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professional and emotional reaction
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5,6 Expected outcomes of the invest
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actual staging of an assault situat
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First, appraisal is a private, subj
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social support from significant oth
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6.4 Phenomenology as a philosophy a
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Phenomenology features several cent
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experience the worid basically m th
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CHAPTER SEVEN PHASE FOUR: METHODOLO
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may result in a failure to identify
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are described accordmg to how the r
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aggression. Talkmg and listening to
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principal and associate supervisor,
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All 18 questions on supportmg behav
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The first component, which could be
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was relatively simple. Responses to
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A total of 31 participants complete
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nurses (N= 50,413) held by the Vict
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Firstiy, nurses are a mobile occupa
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CHAPTER EIGHT PHASE FIVE: METHODOLO
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An important pomt in the context of
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ability to bracket facilitates tiio
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eported, approval of the interview
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interviewed participant could be in
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8.5.2 Human analysis of qualitative
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applied to a segment of words in or
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CHAPTER NINE PHASE SIX: RESULTS OF
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9.3 Identification of frequency, ty
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esponses (707) were in the category
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aggression, with 28 responses (4.3%
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(5.1%) of sample made 35 responses
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Thirty four participants (12.4%) of
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categories were collapsed into two
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patients. This variable was also co
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Thus die hypothesis that work-relat
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aggression on all components and ag
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1 The first equation regressed the
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Competence 18-] 1 16- 1 g 14- 12- 1
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esponses to tiie incidents recorded
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professional competence. Aggressive
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9.1 Institutional deficit factor In
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occasions from female staff, made m
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Tangible support was listed m the f
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The follovmig comment also demonstt
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CHAPTER 10 RESULTS OF PHASE FIVE: Q
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The sample mcluded ten nurses who h
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The nine typical incidents are as f
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Huberman's (1994) model of data pre
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I felt I was in danger and it was n
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Narratives from Yvonne, Jun, Mary,
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Louise also made the following comm
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Illustration 2: Participant I Saman
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nurse due to her expected role of c
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Illustration 2: Participant 25 Decl
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Illustration 5: Participant 33 Like
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Table 17 Data display matrix for do
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emotions from nurses as they stt^gg
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was a more severe form of aggressio
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feel twelve months or more followin
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The tiurd aim was to develop and ev
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hospitals is not as conttolled as i
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well as key variables of reportmg b
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The current study addressed these m
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impact upon nurses. The concept of
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Victims of sexual aggression report
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under estimation of the problem and
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constructively release and deal wit
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support from Pennebaker, Colder and
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variables diat may help to explain
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elated aggression described mcident
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11.6.2 Theme 2: Expectation to cope
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Williams, 1991). Researchers have f
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communication nurses describe as al
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to assist widi tiie management of a
Page 267 and 268: own activities of daily livuig, to
Page 269 and 270: senior staff appeared to be linked
Page 271 and 272: support was provided, nurses confir
Page 273 and 274: curtaihnent of freedom because of p
Page 275 and 276: Nurses must be educated tiirough in
Page 277 and 278: should specifically consider the re
Page 279 and 280: encouragmg and promoting profession
Page 281 and 282: Given that nurses already are engag
Page 283 and 284: REFERENCES 266
Page 285 and 286: Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy:
Page 287 and 288: Braitiiwaite, R. (1992). Violence:
Page 289 and 290: Clark, M.S., & Mills, J. (1979). In
Page 291 and 292: Donaldson, S. I. (1993). Effects of
Page 293 and 294: Folkman, S. (1984). Personal contto
Page 295 and 296: Harvey, E., & Bums, J. (1994). Staf
Page 297 and 298: Jahoda, M. (1958). Current concepts
Page 299 and 300: Lanza, M. L. (1984b). Factors relev
Page 301 and 302: Lorenz, K. (1966). On aggression. L
Page 303 and 304: Moos, R. H., & Billuigs, A. G. (198
Page 305 and 306: Poster, E. C, & Ryan, J. (1994). A
Page 307 and 308: Schaffer, D. (1979). Social and per
Page 309 and 310: Tesch, R. (1990) Qualitative resear
Page 311 and 312: Whittington, R. (1997). Violence to
Page 313 and 314: APPENDIX A PILOT QUESTIONNAIRE AND
Page 315 and 316: What is your age? Please tick the a
Page 317: SECTION 2; AGGRESSTVE BEHAVIOUR FRO
Page 321 and 322: SECTION 6: PERCEIVED CHANGES TO PRO
Page 323 and 324: Sections 1,2 and 3: Aggressive beha
Page 325 and 326: How long did it take you to complet
Page 327 and 328: What is your age? Please tick the a
Page 329 and 330: SECTION 2; AGGRESSTS^ BEHAVIOUR FRO
Page 331 and 332: SECTION 4 : REPORTING INCmENTS OF A
Page 333 and 334: SECTION 6: PERCEIVED CHAlvr^KS TO P
Page 335 and 336: APPENDIX D LETTER OF INTRODUCTION T
Page 337 and 338: If you choose to participate, pleas
Page 339 and 340: Mr. Cecil Deans 120 Rathkeale Avenu
Page 341 and 342: Where your responses to aggressive
Page 343 and 344: APPENDIX F CONSENT FOR INTERVIEW SC
Page 345 and 346: APPENDIX G PARTICIPANT CONTACT SUMM
Page 347 and 348: APPENDIX H TABLES SHOWING SUPPORTIN
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