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2.4 Incidence of aggressive behaviour toward healtii professionals 28
2.5 Incidence of aggression toward nurses: A unique experience 28
2.5.1 The professional position of the nurse 29
2.5.2 Health care settmgs and aggression 32
2.6 Aggression: Financial implications 33
2.7 Type and sotirce of aggression 35
2.7.1 Types of aggression 36
2.7.1.1 Physical aggression 36
2.7.1.2 Verbal aggression 37
2.7.1.3 Sexual aggression 38
2.7.2 Sources of aggression 40
2.8 Responses to aggression 42
2.8.1 Common characteristics in responses by nurses to
work-related aggression 48
2.8.2 Bumout 49
2.9 Summary 53
CHAPTER 3:
REPORTING AGGRESSION: NURSING CULTURE,
SOCIAL SUPPORT AND COMPETENCE
3.1 Reporting aggression: Nursing culture, social support
and competence 54
3.2 Reporting aggression by nurses 54
3.3 Institutional social support of nurses 5 7
3.4 The culture of nursing: Explanations of aggression 66
3.5 The concept of competency 69
3.5.1 Competency as a psychological constmct 70
3.5.2 Competency as applied in the nursing profession 71
3.5.3 Competency as a nursing standard 73
3.6 Research linking the relationships between work-related aggression,
institutional social support and perceived professional competence 75
3.7 Summary of Phase One of the study 75
CHAPTER 4: PHASE TWO: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:
AGGRESSION, STRESS, COPING AND SOCIAL SUPPORT
4.1 Phase Two: A conceptual framework: aggression, stress, coping and
social support 77
4.2 The concept of stress 77
4.3 Cogiutive appraisal of stress 79
4.4 Stress as threat and/or challenge 81
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