National Occupational Standards - Lighting for Film and ... - Skillset

The Sector Skills Council for the Audio Visual Industries 

NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS 

LIGHTING FOR FILM AND TELEVISION 

JUNE 2006


LIGHTING FOR FILM & TELEVISION 

JUNE 2006 

LOCATIONS AND RESOURCES 

L1 

L2 

L3 

L4 

L5 

L6 

L7 

L8 

L9 

L10 

L11 

L12 

L13 

L14 

L15 

L16 

F1 

X1 

X2 

X3 

L17 

ASSESS AND MONITOR TEMPORARY POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 

CONDUCT A RECCE FROM AN ELECTRICAL VIEWPOINT 

PREPARATION 

PREPARE AND USE EQUIPMENT TO MODIFY AND MANIPULATE LIGHT 

PREPARE AND OPERATE DISCHARGE LUMINAIRE SYSTEMS 

PREPARE BATTERY LIGHTING EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS 

IDENTIFY AND SELECT THE LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR FILM & 

TELEVISION PRODUCTIONS OPERATIONS 

OPERATIONS 

LIGHTING FOR A SINGLE CAMERA 

SAFE INSTALLATION OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT USING ACCESSORIES AND 

MOUNTING EQUIPMENT 

ASSIST WITH AND UNDERTAKE BASIC GENERATOR OPERATIONS 

INSTALL WIRING FOR PRACTICALS AND EQUIPMENT 

SET LIGHTING TO MEET THE DESIRED EFFECT 

PROGRAMME AND OPERATE LIGHTING CONSOLE 

INSTALL, OPERATE AND FAULT FIND ON GENERATORS 

RECRUIT AND MANAGE ELECTRICAL LIGHTING CREWS 

MANAGE LIGHTING - PRODUCTION LIAISON EFFECTIVELY 

CARRY OUT LIGHTING- PRODUCTION LIAISON 

GENERIC 

MANAGE AND MARKET YOURSELF AS A FREELANCER 

CONTRIBUTE TO GOOD WORKING RELATIONSHIPS 

ENSURE YOUR OWN ACTIONS REDUCE RISKS TO HEALTH AND SAFETY 

CONDUCT AN ASSESSMENT OF RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE 

OVERSEE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF LIGHTING CREWS 

DEFINITIONS OF STANDARDS RELEVANT TO ELECTRICAL WORKING 

IN THE FILM/TV INDUSTRY 

3 

5 

7 

9 

11 

13 

15 

17 

19 

21 

24 

26 

29 

32 

34 

36 

38 

41 

44 

46 

49 

51 

SKILLSET JANUARY 2006 

2



JUNE 2006 

L1 ASSESS AND MONITOR 

TEMPORARY POWER SUPPLY 

SYSTEMS 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit involves identifying the local power supply, 

analysing the electrical distribution layout to ensure load 

capability, inspecting cables before use, and providing a 

safe cable distribution system. 

It is about labelling cables and identifying power 

switches, checking switchgear, and being competent 

to safely test the distribution system and monitor the 

distribution system during use. It involves providing safe 

and efficient change over complying with the 

requirements of the appropriate British Standards, 

Wiring Regulations and the Electricity at Work 

Regulations. 

It also involves connecting and operating basic dimmer 

systems. 

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING 

this is what you must know 

a) how to identify the incoming electrical supply and 

the switch gear loading characteristics, and how to 

assess their implications for the shoot 

b) what safety issues are associated with the location 

conditions 

c) why it is important for the person responsible for 

the operation of the location to be present to 

identify local distribution systems 

d) the relevant sections as laid down in the 

appropriate British Standards such as BS7671, 

BS7909 and BS7430 

e) the effects of electrical distribution on other sound 

and vision equipment 

f) how to identify any potential problems associated 

with the incoming electrical mains supply 

g) your legal responsibilities to other members of the 

production crew and the general public when 

providing an electrical supply 

h) how to record and report all electrical test results 

i) how to fault find on switch gear and associated 

equipment 

j) the importance of balanced loading 

k) how to connect and operate basic dimmer systems 

including basic DMX controls 

l) recognise the format of the incoming electrical 

supply system and understand the implications of 

different earthing systems 

SKILLSET JUNE 2006 

3



JUNE 2006 

L1 ASSESS AND MONITOR 

TEMPORARY POWER SUPPLY 

SYSTEMS 

PERFORMANCE STATEMENTS 

this is what you must be able to do 

1. make contact with the site electrical engineer or 

relevant person for connection details and 

permissions 

12. identify all switch gear intended for use 

13. check that switch gear has up to date electrical 

test labels 

14. connect and operate basic dimmer systems, DMX 

and Analogue, to safely meet film or TV 

requirements 

2. analyse the temporary power supply layout to 

ensure adequate load capability for the prevention 

of a possible supply overload 

3. undertake visual risk assessment of site conditions 

and take any necessary action 

4. make contact with the camera person or gaffer for 

cable distribution details 

5. according to the requirements of the latest 

editions of BS7671 and BS7909 which require you 

to be competent to do so, electrically test the 

temporary power distribution system prior to 

energising 

6. identify sub circuits accurately and efficiently 

7. provide a safe cable distribution system for the 

intended location 

8. monitor the safety of the electrical distribution 

system to prevent possible mechanical, electrical or 

environmental damage or danger 

9. provide power in compliance with the latest 

edition of BS7671, BS7909, BS7430 and relevant 

Health and Safety legislation 

10. correct any problems caused to other equipment 

by the electrical distribution system that has been 

installed by lighting technician 

11. label all power distribution cables for correct 

polarity and easy identification 


4



JUNE 2006 

L2 CONDUCT A RECCE FROM AN 

ELECTRICAL VIEWPOINT 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This Unit is about conducting a recce from an electrical 

viewpoint. 

This means considering aspects of the location that will 

impact on the electrical work, by looking at the 

advantages and disadvantages of the site, and what to do 

once a studio or location has been selected.You will 

need to conduct a risk assessment. It is also about 

estimating and evaluating the production lighting 

schedule. 



a) the production schedule, technical and budget 

requirements and their impact on the recce 

b) how to assess the advantages and disadvantages of 

locations from an electrical viewpoint 

c) when it is necessary to obtain specialist advice and 

how to obtain it 

d) the key factors in building up an assessment of the 

electrical implication and cost effectiveness of using 

particular locations 

e) what to look for at the studio or location to 

decide upon the necessary equipment and 

resources 

f) how to account for the possibility of adverse 

physical and climatic conditions 

g) the necessary procedures to follow once a 

selection is made to use a studio or location. 

h) how to conduct a risk assessment to ensure the 

safety of all staff 


5



JUNE 2006 

L2 CONDUCT A RECCE FROM AN 

ELECTRICAL VIEWPOINT 



1. prepare for the visit to the proposed location(s) 

with appropriate members of the production team 

2. assess the suitability of the proposed location(s) in 

meeting the technical requirements and note them 

for later discussion with the technical team 

3. assess the cost implications of using the 

recommended locations 

4. ensure site notes and records are of sufficient 

detail to allow accurate interpretation into 

technical requirements 

5. assess and record the characteristics, position and 

proposed sequence of the locations in terms of 

transporting electrical plant and equipment within 

the production schedule 

6. complete a risk assessment to identify hazards 

associated with the proposed location and the 

possible risks within the context of handling 

electrical plant, equipment and staff 

7. liaise with all outside contractors / specialist 

services involved with the electrical requirements 

and conduct risk assessments to comply with all 

current H & S regulations 


6



JUNE 2006 

L3 PREPARE AND USE EQUIPMENT 

TO MODIFY AND MANIPULATE 

LIGHT 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit involves using equipment to modify and 

manipulate light as specified by the person responsible 

for the lighting. It requires that you attach filters to 

windows and filter frames, set and position flag or frame 

stands, and assemble frames and textiles. It is about 

following instructions to match the lighting effects 

required 



a) how lighting effects equipment should be used with 

regard to health and safety regulations and industry 

best practice 

b) the types of lighting effects available, when to use 

them, and the methods of achieving them 

c) the range of available filters and scrims and their 

different effects such as diffusion, correction, colour 

temperature control 

d) the characteristics of fire retardant filters, BS3944, 

and how these affect their use 

e) how to identify faults or problems with lighting 

equipment, and how to resolve them 

f) how to produce hard shadows and soft shadows 

using flags or gobos 

g) how to secure and position frames under different 

conditions with due regard to the safety of yourself 

and others 

h) safe methods of fixing or supporting stands, and 

who to contact for assistance 

i) what to do in the event of equipment failure. 


7



JUNE 2006 

L3 PREPARE AND USE EQUIPMENT 

TO MODIFY AND MANIPULATE 

LIGHT 



1. set up and adjust lighting equipment to the 

requirements and instructions of the person 

responsible for the lighting 

2. fine tune the lighting effects prior to the shoot 

until all the relevant parties are satisfied with the 

effects created 

3. cut filters accurately and safely to the 

required sizes 

4. identify what filter and correction filter have been 

installed in them, and accurately record this 

information 

5. attach the required filters and filter frames and 

other accessories safely and securely 

6. determine where and when heat resistant filters 

should be used, and where they would be most 

effective 

7. set and position flags to achieve the desired effect 

8. assemble large frames and their stands, reflectors 

or diffusers and use them safely and effectively 

9. replace inoperative equipment quickly and 

efficiently and with the minimum disruption 


8



JUNE 2006 

L4 PREPARE AND OPERATE 

DISCHARGE LUMINAIRE SYSTEMS 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit involves preparing discharge equipment and 

rigging discharge luminaires, making safety checks, and 

preparing any specialist lighting and systems. It is about 

operating a range of lighting equipment, lighting the set, 

and informing performers and any others about the safe 

use of equipment. 



a) what the different kinds of discharge luminaire 

operating conditions are and when you should not 

use the discharge luminaire 

b) the local electrical supply voltages and frequencies, 

and the affect that they have on discharge luminaire 

systems 

c) all best practice for lamp use, handling and disposal 

procedures 

d) the technical description of the equipment in use 

e) the manufacturers’ recommendations for use, 

including burning angles of lamps and installation of 

lamps / bulbs 

f) awareness of UV radiation and how to control it 

and reduce the risks 

g) how to optimise consistent arc quality, colour 

temperature and lamp life 

h) how to fault find on discharge luminaires and 

systems 

i) the connection arrangements applicable to the 

equipment discipline in use, including Health and 

Safety regulations, BS7671 and BS7909, and 

industry best practice 

j) how to follow lighting instructions and cues 

effectively 


9



JUNE 2006 

L4 PREPARE AND OPERATE 

DISCHARGE LUMINAIRE SYSTEMS 



1. carry out all operational or functioning checks on 

the equipment prior to its use 

2. rig discharge luminaires in accordance with 

manufacturers’ instructions 

3. make safety checks prior to starting up the 

equipment, including connections 

4. correctly identify problems associated with 

luminaire header cables, ballasts and luminaire 

heads before replacement 

5. check electronic ballast operation for flicker free 

or silent mode and dimming functioning and that 

all the discharge equipment is operating at the 

same frequency 

6. protect the electronic ballasts from any harsh 

climatic conditions which would affect their 

reliability 

7. prevent damage to electronic equipment by not 

exposing it to unnecessary risks 

8. inform the production and crew of any special 

precautions that apply to the equipment and its 

use 

9. operate and move the equipment safely and as 

requested by the person responsible for the 

lighting 


10



JUNE 2006 

L5 PREPARE BATTERY LIGHTING 

EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit is about recognising the differences between 

AC and DC lighting, and preparing batteries and 

chargers and the battery lighting equipment. It involves 

selecting different types of batteries and using and 

storing them safely. 



a) health and safety legislation, for example COSHH, 

how it affects your work and safety practices 

including the use of personal protective equipment 

b) the difference between AC and DC power systems 

and the difference between series and parallel 

charging 

c) the dangers and restrictions in the use of battery 

supplies including charging 

d) the charging parameters and limitations as applied 

to lead acid, nickel-cadmium, and lithium battery 

supplies; and their ratings 

e) the problems arising out of misuse of, or incorrect, 

polarity 

f) how to deal with battery acid spills, and what 

remedial action must be taken 

g) how to transport and store batteries safely, and 

how to provide all necessary and any mandatory 

labelling 

h) the safe methods for the disposal of batteries and 

requirements according to the UK Environmental 

Agencies and equivalent organisations 

i) what system to use the importance of and how to 

ensure that batteries get charged in rotation 

j) how to advise any personnel in the safe use of 

battery equipment 


11



JUNE 2006 

L5 PREPARE BATTERY LIGHTING 

EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS 



1. calculate current flow in DC circuits 

2. take the necessary actions to ensure that exposed 

terminals to connectors do not become a safety 

hazard 

3. when provided, check the wiring integrity on 

battery belts 

4. connect inverters safely to battery systems 

5. realistically estimate the useful life of a fully 

charged battery subject to load 

6. mark and label batteries according to their charge 

state 

7. label and store batteries safely in accordance with 

any relevant regulations 

8. ensure that all batteries are charged in rotation, 

and are marked correctly 

9. when provided, check that any battery operated 

safety or emergency system is tested and working 


12



JUNE 2006 

L6 IDENTIFY AND SELECT THE 

LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR FILM 

AND/OR TELEVISION PRODUCTIONS 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit is about planning and scheduling the lighting 

equipment needed for the production, selecting and 

specifying the electrical equipment from contractors 

including plant (such as access equipment) and other 

such machinery. 

It also includes confirming at the end of the production 

when the electrical equipment can be removed, and 

ensuring that the Best Boy and others know about any 

changes to the production schedule that impact on the 

electrical equipment requirements. 

It requires that you ensure that work is being carried 

out in accordance with organisational procedures, 

legislation and industry regulations and codes of 

practice. 



a) the scope, scale and requirements of the 

production and aspects for which you are 

responsible 

b) the importance of planning the production in a 

sequence to ensure effective completion, and the 

importance of ensuring that pre-planning takes 

place 

c) how to determine how many items of plant, 

materials and electrical equipment are required, 

what types will be required and their logistics 

d) the size of crew necessary to undertake the 

production requirements and comply with the 

production schedule 

e) the importance of briefing the best boy, crew & 

outside contractors fully about the production and 

its requirements 

f) the documentation required for lighting equipment 

contractors, cost control and alerting to possible 

production scheduling problems 

g) the importance of dealing with problems promptly 

and seeking agreement on variations and recording 

the agreements 


13



JUNE 2006 

L6 IDENTIFY AND SELECT THE 

LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR FILM 

AND/OR TELEVISION PRODUCTIONS 

8. prepare, complete and hand over relevant final 

documentation on the production to the relevant 

person(s) in accordance with agreed procedures 



1. determine the quantities, types of materials and 

electrical equipment required and check that they 

are appropriate to the production, its budget and 

the planned location 

2. identify a schedule of work and communicate to 

the Best Boy and other relevant person(s) 

including the deadlines for key activities and when 

the materials and electrical equipment needs to be 

at the location 

3. order the materials and electrical equipment ahead 

of time to ensure their arrival on location in 

accordance with the schedule 

4. check that materials and electrical equipment 

arrive on site are: 

• fit for purpose 

• in the sequence appropriate to the 

production 

• in the quantities to meet the production 

requirements 

5. identify problems promptly, record them fully 

and communicate the details to the Best Boy and 

others 

6. communicate any new changes to the schedule to 

the Best Boy and relevant persons so they can 

ensure the electrical equipment is adequate for 

such changes 

7. at the end of the production confirm that the 

removal of electrical equipment does take place 

and ensure all breakages, missing equipment is 

notified to production 


14



JUNE 2006 

L7 LIGHTING FOR A SINGLE CAMERA 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit involves selecting and setting the luminaires, 

accessories, filters and equipment needed and checking 

that luminaires can produce the required output and 

quality. It is about making sure that luminaires and 

accessories are positioned safely, and briefing others 

about the lighting design. 

It is intended for those operating on their own and not 

as a team. 



a) how to select luminaires on their criteria in terms 

of: 

i. size 

ii. power 

iii. weight 

iv. technical specification – distribution, 

luminance, light control, 

b) the characteristics of lamp power consumption and 

the range of luminaires and how their 

characteristics determine their positioning and use 

c) the basic principles of cinematography and 

photography, and how they can be applied 

d) how to form a simple lighting design to meet the 

artistic and technical requirements of the 

production 

e) what the problems and constraints of different 

locations are, including total power available, effects 

of climatic conditions, and time of day, and how this 

determines the safe and effective use of equipment 

f) what design constraints may apply to studios or 

location sets, and how these could affect the 

lighting design 

g) the variety of luminaries, filters, accessories or 

effects that are available, and the criteria for their 

use 

h) your role as the person responsible for the lighting 

in respect of any relevant Health and Safety 

regulations 

i) the Health and Safety requirements applicable to 

luminaire use, and the principles applicable to the 

safe use of equipment 


15



JUNE 2006 

L7 LIGHTING FOR A SINGLE CAMERA 


this is what you must know (continued) 

j) industry best practices for the use of the 

equipment, in relation to the safety of the crew, 

performers, and the public, as required by BS7909 

(the use of temporary electrical supply and circuit 

protection) with particular regard to electromechanical 

equipment and its positioning 

k) to whom to report for incident management and 

control 

l) how to identify problems accurately and what 

remedial action to take 

m) effective methods of communicating with members 

of the crew in order to clarify technical or 

specialist areas of information, and the safe use of 

grip equipment 



1. select luminaires and accessories to match power 

availability and technical requirements 

2. ensure that the luminaires selected can produce 

the light quality required for the location or studio 

3. position luminaries and control gear with due 

consideration to the health and safety of yourself, 

crew, performers and the general public 

4. use filters, accessories or effects to achieve the 

artistic and technical results required 

5. consider techniques to solve any lighting problems 

and apply those that best meet the desired result 

n) how to document what has been done to facilitate 

matching with any other subsequently required 

material 


16



JUNE 2006 

L8 SAFE INSTALLATION OF 

LIGHTING EQUIPMENT USING 

ACCESSORIES AND MOUNTING 

EQUIPMENT 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit is about installing lighting fixtures and 

infrastructure in the required position derived from 

either verbal instructions from the relevant person such 

as the Gaffer or Rigging Gaffer from a lighting rig plan. It 

involves attaching structures to existing buildings and 

adding accessories and refinements in a safe manner. 

It is about gaining permissions to fix accessories to 

buildings, and ensuring others know what cautionary 

action to take when working in the rigging area. 



a) the detail of the risk assessment to ensure a safe 

installation of lighting equipment 

b) how to safely attach lighting equipment loads with 

the use of mounting or suspension equipment 

c) the load capacity of lighting grip hardware and 

stands 

d) how the capacity of load bearing lighting grip 

equipment changes with its orientation 

e) how to operate and move lighting stands or 

equipment on all different types of terrain 

f) how to ensure that the centre of gravity of any 

support system is in a position to prevent 

accidents 

g) how to work from a lighting rig plan or from the 

verbal instructions of the person responsible for 

the lighting 

h) the reasons for and implications of L.O.L.E.R.and 

P.U.W.E.R, when they take effect and when to seek 

advice 

i) the importance of checking before use and how to 

use personal protective equipment for working at 

heights 

j) the health and safety regulations regarding safe 

working at height 

k) the different range and applications of industrystandard 

knots 


17



JUNE 2006 

L8 SAFE INSTALLATION OF 

LIGHTING EQUIPMENT USING 

ACCESSORIES AND MOUNTING 

EQUIPMENT 



1. accurately calculate the weight of all the equipment 

specified 

2. select and use appropriate grip hardware for fine 

positioning of luminaries 

3. ensure lighting stands or equipment are positioned 

in accordance with the risk assessment 

4. secure and tie off lamps using appropriate knots 

5. request permission from the appropriate person to 

fix accessories and refinements to buildings in good 

time 

6. mark areas of work accurately with sensitivity to 

the building and to other users 

7. inform production and colleagues when particular 

caution is needed in the rigging area, and what 

action they must take 


18



JUNE 2006 

L9 ASSIST WITH AND UNDERTAKE 

BASIC GENERATOR OPERATIONS 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit involves the demonstration of a basic 

awareness of generators and being able to carry out the 

basic task of starting up a generator. 

It involves carrying out other simple tasks on the 

generator either under the direct supervision or as 

directed by the main generator operator. 



a) relevant legislation and byelaws relevant to 

generator operation 

b) how to start up, close down and monitor the 

operation of the generator whilst it is running 

c) health and safety legislation and the importance of 

monitoring for potential hazards to you or others 

d) the importance of operating the generator in a 

level position and checking the generator fluid 

levels on a daily basis 

e) the maximum loading of sub circuits and 

distribution boxes 

f) how to identify and correct local hazards relevant 

to cable routing 

g) how to check the correct functioning of all power 

distribution equipment in use 

h) the appropriate legislation affecting the 

environmental use and storage of contaminants 

and pollutants & the correct disposal of such items 


19



JUNE 2006 

L9 ASSIST WITH AND UNDERTAKE 

BASIC GENERATOR OPERATIONS 



1. undertake a visual risk assessment of the site 

conditions and take appropriate action to reduce 

the risk of any hazards identified 

2. confirm the generator is safely positioned and level 

the generator when it is necessary to do so 

3. carry out pre-start tests on the cable distribution 

system with regard to polarity and earthing in 

accordance with the latest edition of BS7671 and 

BS7909 

4. start the generator and ensure the controls and 

systems function according to manufacturer’s 

instructions, prior to electrical energisation 

5. monitor the generator throughout its use in terms 

of its: 

• balance and loading 

• functioning 

• fuel and fluid levels 

6. follow correct procedures to shut down the 

generator safely and efficiently 

7. ensure all tools and equipment are secure and safe 

for their continued operation 


20



JUNE 2006 

L10 INSTALL WIRING FOR 

PRACTICALS AND EQUIPMENT 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit involves checking practical equipment against 

the lighting list, installing fixtures and fittings, and 

installing props equipment for the shoot. It is about 

assessing the requirements for lighting in general, 

identifying the power requirements, and installing and 

testing fluorescent lighting. 



a) the Health and Safety regulations, the Electricity at 

Work Regulations, BS7671, BS7909 and how to 

apply them to work practices 

b) the importance of planning practical wiring and 

systems to take account of phasing and loading 

c) how to leave enough scope for adjustment to the 

practical once fitted 

d) know which cable and connectors are suitable for 

the use required 

e) the differences between series and parallel wiring, 

and how to use fusing, the use of circuit breakers, 

and when to use Residual Current Devices (RCDs) 

f) how to check that the intended property 

department equipment is compatible with the 

available electrical supply, and that it will function 

as intended 

g) how to identify, prior to use, that old equipment 

required for use can be made to conform with the 

latest edition of BS7671 

h) how to understand the implications of power 

factor correction particularly fluorescent lighting 

i) how to fit and use lighting, including fluorescent 

lighting and starting systems 

j) how to identify and remedy any faults with the 

equipment and installation 

k) awareness of how to use speciality lighting (neon, 

LED, laser etc) and starting systems 

l) how to use extra low voltages up to 50VAC 

or 110VDC 

m) how to provide protection for the sub-circuit 

connection, 


21



JUNE 2006 





n) how to restore equipment to its original 

specification after use 

o) how to instruct others in the safe use of the 

equipment when performers or unqualified 

personnel are expected to operate it 



1. co-ordinate and confirm requirements with the 

person responsible for the lighting, or the gaffer, 

prior to the commencement of the installation 

2. ensure that the proposed installation is protected 

against overloads and earth faults, and that it 

represents no danger to the crew or performers 

3. identify and agree that the equipment is fit for use 

4. ensure that the equipment is safe for use, and that 

it meets insulation resistance and loading 

requirements 

5. ensure that the equipment is properly electrically 

protected, earthed and fused 

6. test the equipment and installation for electrical 

and operational safety prior to use 

7. identify the power requirements for the 

installation, and ensure that they are 

adequately met 

8. assess the power and compatibility of the different 

types of fluorescent ballasts in use 

9. ensure that the equipment and installation has 

been tested according to PAT regulations for 

electrical and operational safety prior to use, 

10. identify any potential hazards, and communicate 

them to the operator 

11. safely and securely install fixtures and fittings, and 

ensure that they meet Health and Safety 

requirements 

12. power up the equipment prior to use to ensure 

that it meets the production’s requirements 

13. use all practical fittings and fixings at the correct 

design ratings 


22



JUNE 2006 




this is what you must be able to do (continued) 

14. utilise wiring systems for all types of neon and 

fluorescent tubes 

15. identify and label any non standard voltages 

16. operate the equipment in a safe environment 

17. instruct others clearly and promptly in the safe use 

of any equipment 


23



JUNE 2006 

L11 SET LIGHTING TO MEET THE 

DESIRED EFFECT 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit involves providing luminaires at the lighting 

intensity appropriate to the production’s requirements. 

It is about obtaining the desired direction, quality and 

colour of light, controlling and adjusting the light, and 

providing a safe working environment. 



a) the different types of light measuring equipment 

available, and their uses 

b) how light levels can affect the mood of the 

production 

c) how your working practices affect other 

departments 

d) the different luminaire technologies and their 

application to the use of effects 

e) the types of ancillary equipment available including, 

barn doors, dimmer shutters, gobos, flags, stipple 

boards, filters, diffusion; and the criteria for their 

safe use 

f) how to produce a range of effects using different 

luminaires, ancillary equipment and techniques 

g) what criteria determine the safe use of effects 

h) how the different light sources, diffusion materials, 

and filters or reflectors used produce the desired 

results 

i) the different lighting plans in common use, and 

how to interpret them 

j) colour correction techniques and how their 

application affects the outcome 

k) the uses of hard and soft sources and how to 

control them 

l) when and why to use reflected light 

m) the different types of luminaire and sources, and 

how to get the best performance from them 

n) how to use par lenses to shape the light beam to 

meet the desired effect 


24



JUNE 2006 

L11 SET LIGHTING TO MEET THE 

DESIRED EFFECT 



1. check that all light sources perform accurately 

within their design limits 

2. confirm that connectors and luminaires are 

identified with numbered labels to ensure 

consistent connection and control 

3. accurately follow instruction to alter the light 

source in terms of setting and colour temperature, 

beam angle, and flag or reflector setting 

4. confirm that the required filters are in place and 

are producing the desired result 

5. use accessories to control the light source and 

meet the desired effect 

6. use luminaire or ballast controls to meet the 

agreed effect 

7. apply lighting effects to the production from 

specialised equipment, in a safe and controlled 

environment 

8. establish consistent filtering and correction for 

lighting 

9. communicate accurately with colleagues when 

production requirements are unachievable 

10. promptly and effectively unify colour temperature 

of mixed light sources when required 


25



JUNE 2006 

L12 PROGRAMME AND OPERATE 

LIGHTING CONSOLE 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit involves identifying and allocating, in 

consultation with the person responsible for the design 

of the lighting, and if applicable the dimmer operator, the 

channels intended for use, and setting those channels on 

the console. 

It is about inputting and accessing the console’s 

memories, and changing the original console settings 

accurately and promptly. It involves adjusting the lighting 

balance to meet requirements, whether for TV, live 

events or a corporate/studio shoot, adjusting the 

changes in lighting consistently, controlling out of sight 

lighting operations, and maintaining communications with 

programme staff. 

This unit is aimed at a lighting console specialist. 



a) how to programme the console to produce a 

range of effects 

b) how to follow different types of lighting plots 

c) how to set up, programme and operate different 

types of consoles and equipment safely and 

accurately 

d) what backup procedures to employ 

e) the different methods of recording and updating 

memories, and when they should be applied 

f) the operation of different types of console to 

produce different types of effect 

g) the effects and safe use of strobe lighting 

h) how to interpret the pictorial requirements of the 

production by dynamic choices of lighting balance 

i) the Health and Safety requirements, and how they 

affect the programming, operation, and working 

practices of different types of console 

j) when to apply any Display Screen Equipment 

Regulations 

k) how a musical performance may affect the 

operation of the console and any subsequent 

lighting changes 

l) how to identify any problems or production 

constraints, and how to resolve them 

m) the different types of communication systems 

available to production 

n) the procedures for video monitor operation 

o) in television productions, the relationship with 

vision control, and with the lighting director 


26



JUNE 2006 





p) how DMX is used to control lighting and effects 

equipment 

q) the architecture, principles and limitations of 

DMX systems 

r) how to use DMX peripheral equipment 



1. change the previous console settings accurately 

and promptly 

2. accurately identify, in consultation with the relevant 

person such as lighting designer, which channels 

will be used 

3. set channels on the console to produce the 

desired effect at all times and on any camera shot 

which is likely to be used 

4. smoothly and accurately input and access the 

console’s memories 

5. discuss and agree any special requirements, with 

the relevant person, and any limitations or 

problems in the system 

6. set up and use effective back up systems 

7. apply Health and Safety regulations and 

management to the safe operation of the console 

8. keep in touch at all times with relevant personnel 

9. adjust the light balance to meet the requirements 

of the person responsible for the design of the 

lighting 

10. control out of sight lighting operations 

11. change channel numbers properly and accurately 

12. line up vision monitoring when required 

13. adjust the changes in lighting consistently, and in 

harmony with the production 

14. inform the person responsible for the design of the 

lighting of any equipment failure or fault which 

might affect the action or shooting 


27



JUNE 2006 





15. check that the console is operated safely within 

the maximum channel numbers, and that it meets 

Health and Safety regulations 

16. adjust individual channels to satisfy production 

sensitivities, by interpreting ways in which the 

lighting balance may unobtrusively change in 

harmony with the camera and artiste movement, 

by reference to the monitors if available 

17. constructively and helpfully maintain 

communication with production staff, including 

producer and director 

18. monitor the load in use 

19. plan DMX control channel allocation and DMX 

data systems (cabling and hardware) 

20. carry out correct ‘patching’ of DMX control 

channels to DMX equipment 

21. ensure use of DMX controls and data systems in 

accordance with manufacturers’ instructions 


28



JUNE 2006 

L13 INSTALL, OPERATE AND FAULT 

FIND ON GENERATORS 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit is for those who are responsible for generator 

operation. It involves preparing a generator for location 

filming, installing the generator power distribution 

cabling, starting the generator, monitoring the controls 

and visual outputs, and balancing the generator loading. 

It is about identifying the incoming electrical supply 

system and analysing the electrical distribution layout. 

It involves connecting to the supply in compliance with 

BS7671, and undertaking visual risk assessments of site 

conditions. It also requires the ability to carry out fault 

finding. 

This unit is aimed at those who operate generators. 



a) the importance of pre-and post operation vehicle 

management checks and of ensuring there is 

sufficient items such as lubricants, batteries, fan or 

drive belts and access to fuel/fluid for continued 

use during location shoots 

b) Health and Safety legislation and how to reduce 

potential health and safety risks to yourself and 

others. 

c) how to identify any safety issues and local hazards 

at the site which may affect generator placement 

and cable routing 

d) how to make calculations of load current with 

various types of load, both reactive and resistive, 

and knowing the maximum loading of sub circuits 

and distribution boxes 

e) how to assess the generator’s earthing 

requirements when the generator is the sole 

source of power, and when it is used in 

conjunction with other sources 

f) when to make provision for any additional earth 

bonding, and whether any special permissions are 

required 

g) how to operate the generator, including in a level 

position to ensure exhaust emission poses no 

environmental nuisance 

h) how to identify the incoming electrical supply, and 

where necessary to provide a changeover unit, and 

their implications to the shoot 

i) the principles of operating multiple generators, the 

benefits and the problems associated with them, 

j) the implications to lighting equipment, and users, 

when a situation of load shedding or similar 

occurs, and the affect on generators and 

equipment in overload situations 


29



JUNE 2006 





k) how to test for electrical and mechanical problems 

with generator systems 

l) the requirements of the Electrical Safety, Quality 

and Continuity Regulations 

m) how to identify potential problems with the 

generator governing systems and automatic voltage 

regulators, the relationship between engine speed 

and frequency, and how to solve problems in the 

systems 

n) how to meet Health and Safety requirements 

relevant to electrical tests and checks 

o) the appropriate legislation affecting the 

environmental use and storage of contaminants 

and pollutants & the correct disposal of such items. 

p) the current law and insurance liabilities with 

respect to violations of Road Traffic regulations 

whilst working and driving 



1. carry out pre-checks as appropriate, including the 

sufficiency of running or replacement items 

appropriate to the location and production 

schedule 

2. undertake a visual risk assessment of the site 

conditions and take appropriate action to reduce 

the risk of any hazards identified 

3. position the generator safely in accordance with 

local bylaws and level the generator when it is 

necessary to do so 

4. identify any special cabling requirements necessary 

for local conditions 

5. establish the distribution requirements from the 

person responsible for the lighting 

6. where provision for expansion for any third party 

is required seek permission to do so 

7. carry out pre-energisation tests on the cable 

distribution system with regard to polarity and 

earthing in accordance with the latest edition of 

BS7671 and BS7909 

8. start the generator and ensure the controls and 

systems function according to manufacturer’s 

instructions, prior to electrical energisation 

9. establish and adjust the supply frequency and 

voltage for the intended production 

10. monitor the generator throughout its use in terms 

of its: 

• phase, balancing and loading 

• functioning 

• fuel and fluid levels 


30



JUNE 2006 




this is what you must be able to do (continue) 

11. accurately record generator running times, service 

requirements and vehicle mileage for records 

12. monitor the operation of the generator at all times 

in an attempt to prevent faults occurring 

13. where faults occur, conduct an assessment of safe 

working practices and carry out checks on the 

generator to identify the fault and the action 

required. 

14. identify whether the nature of the fault is 

electrical, mechanical, electronic or external to the 

generator and whether you can rectify it safely 

15. where faults occur, obtain clear and detailed 

information about the faults relating to the systems 

and equipment and inform the relevant person, 

such as the Gaffer, as promptly as possible 

16. carry out tests and checks of main systems, voltage 

and insulation resistance testing in accordance 

with health and safety regulations 

17. follow the correct procedures when rectifying first 

line faults, including using the appropriate tools, 

equipment and materials 

18. carry out generator routine servicing and 

maintenance using the correct parts, tools and 

methods of fitting 

19. when usage of the generator is complete, carry out 

payload and other vehicle management checks 

20. check requirements and when it is appropriate for 

de-rigging to take place 


31



JUNE 2006 

L14 RECRUIT AND MANAGE 

ELECTRICAL LIGHTING CREWS 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit is about recruiting and allocating work to your 

selected team, setting out plans and agreeing methods of 

working. It is also about liaising with the production 

team to ensure that the electrical crew have all the 

information to complete the task within the schedule 

required. 



a) your own responsibilities and the relevant 

person(s) to whom you should report 

b) the deadlines and standards that you are expected 

to meet 

c) the importance of communicating responsibilities 

of the production to your team and any limitations 

to those responsibilities in a positive manner which 

promotes good working relationships 

d) how to ensure that those reporting to you fully 

understand the importance of risk assessments and 

that they are adhered to. 

e) how to explain and communicate production 

activities in a manner that is comprehensible to all 

members of the electrical team and in a format 

that is appropriate to the recipient and the 

location 

f) the importance of involving those who work for 

you in understanding the overall production and its 

progress 


32



JUNE 2006 

L14 RECRUIT AND MANAGE 

ELECTRICAL LIGHTING CREWS 

8. provide feedback to all those who work for you on 

the overall production and its progress 



1. clarify and agree with the relevant person(s) 

• the scope of your’s and others 

responsibilities 

• the deadlines and standards you are 

expected to reach 

• the team for whom you are responsible 

2. identify before production starts those who are 

eligible and available to: 

• operate plant and equipment 

• undertake duties allocated to them 

3. agree the details for contracts to be drawn up and 

allocate duties to those who will be working for 

you that accords with their competence and skills 

4. brief your team fully on the key details of the 

production, its requirements and schedule and 

confirm their full understanding of the same 

5. establish practicable and appropriate 

communications systems which provide for: 

• external contractors 

• regular visual inspections 

• recording outcomes of each planned activity 

• effective cost control 

• alerting to possible problems for 

the production 

6. inform those who work for you about their job 

responsibilities and limitations in a way which 

promotes good working relationships 

7. confirm that those who report to you understand 

the risk assessment relevant to the production and 

ensure that is adhered to. 


33



JUNE 2006 

L15 MANAGE LIGHTING 

PRODUCTION LIAISON 

EFFECTIVELY 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit is about communicating and working with 

colleagues such as the Director of Photography before 

and during shooting. It is about discussing and agreeing 

lighting requirements, communicating these to the team 

and putting forward positive solutions to problems that 

may crop up during shooting. 

It also involves attending meetings to ensure the 

electrical requirements are accounted for, and that any 

change and their implications for lighting are considered. 



a) the scope, type and deadlines for the production 

b) the creative approach required by the DoP or 

similar for the production 

c) which solutions to recommend that accord with 

this approach and match the available equipment 

and expertise 

d) the importance of liaising with others, such as the 

Best Boy, about changes and outcomes of 

production meetings 

e) the importance of providing cover when you can 

not be available and ensuring that those who take 

on such responsibilities know the limits of their 


f) the benefits of involving the production team in 

discussing constructive solutions to problems 


34



JUNE 2006 

L15 MANAGE LIGHTING - 

PRODUCTION LIAISON 

EFFECTIVELY 



1. be available to discuss the lighting and electrical 

requirements with the relevant persons and DoP 

or similar persons before and during shooting 

2. ensure that there is cover by the Best Boy, or 

other people, at times when you are not available 

3. put forward positive suggestions for solutions to a 

lighting and electrical discussion with the DoP and 

others 

4. ensure that your suggestions are technically 

feasible and comply with health and safety 

requirements 

5. ensure that your input is appropriate to the 

requirements of the DoP and come within the 

lighting budget, and that electrical equipment and 

expertise is available to carry out such suggestions 

6. attend production meetings to ensure the lighting 

and electrical requirements are discussed and 

agreed upon 

7. record decisions made and ensure that any changes 

to the schedule and equipment requirements are 

passed on to the Best Boy, production and lighting 

company. 

8. consult the production team for constructive 

suggestions to solve problems 


35



JUNE 2006 

L16 CARRY OUT 

LIGHTING-PRODUCTION LIAISON 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit is about liaising with suppliers of the agreed 

materials, plant and electrical equipment. It involves 

maintaining good relationships with the client and 

maintaining positive industrial relations with employees, 

sub contractors and external contractors. It requires 

ensuring that legislation involving employment and 

contractual issues is adhered to. 

It is also about reviewing information to ensure that 

progress is being made on schedule and in accordance 

with budgetary requirements. In the event that the 

production is not progressing according to production 

requirements it involves seeking suitable solutions and 

liaising with the person you report to. 

This unit is most applicable to the role of Best Boy. 



a) how to determine priorities, production 

requirements and financial constraints 

b) the team that you will be working with during the 

production 

c) the contractual obligations between the production 

and external contractors and how to monitor their 

work and ensure they adhere to their contractual 

obligations 

d) with whom you should liaise to monitor progress 

and check contractual and cost compliance 

e) how to identify problems in complying with the 

terms of your organisation’s contractual obligations 

and to whom you should report such problems 

f) availability and suitability of lighting equipment & 

lighting personnel insurance cover and the 

registrations, qualifications and licences that your 

team will be required to have. 

g) how to promote positive working relations 

h) the documentation the technical team require to 

carry out their work such as timesheets 

i) how to deal with variations and extra equipment 

to yours and productions requirements 

j) schedule the arrival of resources and electrical 

equipment required and checking these match with 

your schedule 

k) what needs to happen in order to allow pre-rigging 

and de-rigging to take place 


36



JUNE 2006 

L16 CARRY OUT 

LIGHTING-PRODUCTION LIAISON 



1. identify priorities, production requirements and 

financial constraints before the start of the 

production 

2. ensure that your team have the necessary 

registrations, qualifications and licences and can 

provide formal evidence of the same at all times 

3. resolve differences and seek suitable solutions / 

alternatives with external suppliers where 

difficulties arise 

4. regularly review progress on the schedule and 

ensure the person you report to is kept well 

informed 

5. ensure documentation for the team to follow is 

clear and provided on time to ensure smooth 

work flow 

6. work to solving problems promptly and cost 

effectively regarding the team’s working 

arrangements, availability of equipment and the 

logistics of equipment 

7. ensure compliance with relevant contractual and 

health and safety legislation and liaise with relevant 

person(s) to ensure that the relevant health and 

safety documentation is available at all times 

8. ensure that at the start and end of shooting that 

pre-rigging and de-rigging takes place safely and at 

the appropriate times 


37



JUNE 2006 

F1 MANAGE AND MARKET 

YOURSELF AS A FREELANCER 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit is for you if you operate in the multi-media 

business as a freelancer. In order to be successful you 

will benefit from having deeper knowledge and 

understanding about how to promote your 

achievements, how to sell yourself and keep your 

reputation and knowledge up-to-date. Furthermore you 

need to have the required skills to seek and find work, 

negotiate your own contract (unless you have an agent) 

and ensure that the terms and conditions are fair and 

just. 

There is also a whole range of business skills which you 

need to be able to employ in order to survive. Such 

skills and knowledge extend from self-promotion, 

knowledge of IT, through budgeting and legal 

requirements to the need to identify training and 

developments needs. 


this is what you need to know 

a) who are the major commissioning organisations in 

your field of expertise and how best to make 

contact 

b) how to maintain your professional ethics and 

practices, and keep abreast of new developments 

within the multi-media industry 

c) how to market yourself and your services including 

making, following up and maintaining contact with 

potential clients 

d) what are the best and most effective selfpromoting 

tools to use 

e) whether an agent would be able to help you to 

find work 

f) how to access work opportunities with production 

and distribution companies 

g) how to estimate going rates including those for: 

• schedules 

• fee rates 

• resources such as 

accommodation, expenses, etc 

h) how to negotiate terms and conditions in line with 

legal and production industry requirements 

i) how to maintain contacts and conduct negotiations 

with potential clients in the production business 

j) how to negotiate and agree contracts with 

reference to: 

• relevant employment legislation 

• expected income 

• time available 

• clearly established outcomes 


38



JUNE 2006 




this is what you need to know (continued) 

k) the relevant sources of advice on employment, 

insurance, tax regulations and other small business 

legislation 

l) how to keep simple accounts (Income, expenditure 

and cash flow) and how to invoice and chase late 

payments 

m) how to set and manage personal and business 

budgets 

n) how to recognise the difference between creative 

and business decisions 

o) how to carry out contingency planning, scheduling 

and future planning so as to maintain a viable work 

and cash flow 



1. establish, follow-up and regularly maintain business 

contacts within the industry 

2. participate within relevant networks and expert 

organisations to support your freelance activity 

3. identify and follow appropriate strategies to 

enhance your professional reputation and promote 

yourself to potential clients 

4. ensure that you have systems in place that help 

identify work opportunities at an early stage 

5. maximise your reputation by ensuring the 

circulation of current and succinct information 

about your experience, past work, achievements 

and availability 

6. investigate potential agents or other 

representatives available in your area 

7. make use of others as models of competence 

thereby enabling the identification of development 

and training needs 

8. seek constructive feedback from relevant people 

about your performance and evaluate feedback so 

as to identify development needs 

9. regularly revisit, review and set realistic objectives 

in terms of: 

• training needs 

• performance and progress 

• business targets 

• the use of time and other resources in 

achieving objectives 

10. prepare and keep simple but accurate and 

up-todate accounts and records 


39



JUNE 2006 





11. ensure that record keeping is kept up-to-date, is 

accurate and relevant 

12. set up and use effective systems for managing 

budgets, finance and paperwork 

13. establish and maintain effective support services 

14. plan ahead to organise and maintain a viable work 

and cash flow 

15. ensure you are flexible and prepare to adapt to the 

demands of others whilst maintaining your 

personal work ethic and reputation 

16. negotiate terms and conditions that meet legal 

requirements in terms of: 

• equal opportunities 

• employment law 

• production industry regulations 

17. estimate and agree realistic fee rates, schedule and 

other expenses 

18. establish clear performance outcomes 

19. ensure the contract contains details regarding 

payment terms and time limit to payment and the 

obligations of all parties clearly communicated 

20. ensure that the details of the contract match 

agreements and securely store a written copy of 

the final signed contract 


40



JUNE 2006 

X1 CONTRIBUTE TO GOOD 

WORKING RELATIONSHIPS 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This unit measures your ability to contribute to 

good working relationships. 

It is involves working effectively with others during the 

production process. It is about clarifying and agreeing the 

roles to be undertaken by your team and what your 

working arrangements are in a manner that promotes 

positive working relationships with colleagues, 

management and (if applicable) performers. 

It entails getting the right balance between working 

efficiently and meeting the needs of colleagues as well as 

the creative needs of the production. It is about 

collaborating with colleagues and seeking their help 

when required, including providing assistance whenever 

possible. 

It requires having the communication skills to explain 

and discuss what you have to do and what you expect of 

others, the quality and output requirements of the 

production, and health and safety requirements. 



a) how to clarify what you have to do, and who you 

report to 

b) how to discuss and agree your tasks and 

responsibilities in a way which promotes good 

working relationships 

c) how to confirm the deadlines and standards you 

are expected to meet 

d) the types of roles and responsibilities which you 

may be asked to undertake 

e) importance of acknowledging what the work 

arrangements, quality and safety requirements are 

f) how to balance the need for personal efficiency 

with the needs of others and the requirements of 

the production (H&S) 

g) the importance of sharing information about 

quality standards, deadlines, timescales and the 

results of your work with others who require the 

information 

h) how to treat others courteously and in ways which 

acknowledge their contribution to the production 

i) how to tactfully request others to modify or 

change working arrangements in order to improve 

your own productivity 

j) how to explain your reasons and alternatives 

solutions clearly and constructively , when it is 

impractical to agree to others’ requests to change 

working arrangements 

k) how to take into account particular sensitivities 

people working on the production may have, and 

what protocols to use in dealing with them 

l) how to maintain good relationships , even when 

disagreeing with others 


41



JUNE 2006 





m) how to find workable solutions for any conflicts 

and dissatisfaction which reduce personal and team 

productivity 

n) the importance of collaboration to the 

effectiveness and productivity of work in the 

industry 



1. clarify what you have to do, and to whom you 

would report 

2. discuss and agree your tasks and responsibilities in 

a way which promotes good working relationships 

3. confirm the deadlines and standards you are 

expected to meet 

4. consider the types of roles and responsibilities 

which you may be asked to undertake 

5. ascertain and verify any changes in your tasks in 

the production 

6. acknowledge what the work arrangements, quality 

and safety requirements are 

7. balance the need for personal efficiency with the 

needs of others and the requirements of the 

production 

8. share information about quality standards, 

deadlines, timescales and the results of your work 

with others who require the information 

9. treat others courteously and in ways which 

acknowledge their contribution to the production 

10. tactfully request others to modify or change 

working arrangements in order to improve your 

own productivity 

11. explain your reasons and alternatives solutions 

clearly and constructively, when it is impractical to 

agree to others’ requests to change working 

arrangements 

12. take into account particular sensitivities people 

working on the production may have , and what 

protocols to use in dealing with them 


42



JUNE 2006 





13. maintain good relationships, even when disagreeing 

with others 

14. find workable solutions for any conflicts and 

dissatisfaction which reduce personal and team 

productivity 

15. consider the importance of collaboration to the 

effectiveness and productivity of work in the 

industry 


43



JUNE 2006 

X2 ENSURE YOUR OWN ACTIONS 

REDUCE RISKS TO HEALTH AND 

SAFETY 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

Fundamental to this unit is an understanding of the 

terms ‘hazards’ and ‘risks’.A person competent in this 

unit is not required to undertake a full risk assessment, 

but needs to have an appreciation of significant risks in 

the workplace and knowing how to deal with them. 

Unit Imported From Employment NTO 



a) your legal duties for health and safety in the 

workplace as defined by the Health and Safety at 

Work Act 1974 

b) your duties for health and safety as defined by any 

specific legislation covering your job role 

c) agreed workplace health and safety procedures 

relating to controlling risks to health and safety 

d) responsibilities for health and safety in your job 

description 

e) the responsible persons to whom to report health 

and safety matters 

f) the specific organisational health and safety policies 

covering your job role 

g) suppliers' and manufacturers' instructions for the 

safe use of equipment, materials and products 

h) safe working practices for your own job role 

i) the importance of personal presentation in 

maintaining health and safety in the workplace 

j) the importance of personal conduct in maintaining 

the health and safety of yourself and others 

k) your scope and responsibility for rectifying risks 

l) workplace arrangements for handling risks which 

you are unable to deal with 

m) what hazards exist in your workplace and the 

importance of remaining alert to and dealing with 

or promptly reporting risks 

n) the particular health and safety risks which may be 

present in your own job role and the precautions 

you must take 


44



JUNE 2006 

X2 ENSURE YOUR OWN ACTIONS 

REDUCE RISKS TO HEALTH AND 

SAFETY 


you must be able to identify the hazards and 

evaluate the risks in your workplace, so 

1. you correctly name and locate the persons 

responsible for health and safety in the workplace 

2. you identify which workplace health and safety 

procedures are relevant to your working practices 

3. you identify those working practices in any part of 

your job role which could harm yourself or other 

persons 

4. you identify those aspects of the workplace which 

could harm yourself or other persons 

5. you evaluate which of the potentially harmful 

working practices and the potentially harmful 

aspects of the workplace present the highest risk 

to you or to others 

11. you pass on any suggestions for reducing risks to 

health and safety in the workplace to the persons 

responsible for health and safety 

12. your personal conduct around the workplace does 

not endanger the health and safety of yourself or 

other persons 

13. you follow the workplace procedures and 

suppliers’ or manufacturers’ instructions for the 

safe use of equipment, materials and products 

14. you report any differences between workplace 

procedures and suppliers’ or manufacturers’ 

instructions as appropriate 

15. your personal presentation at work 

• ensures the health and safety of 

yourself and others, 

• meets any legal duties, and 

• is in accordance with workplace health and 

safety policies 

6. you report those hazards with a high risk to the 

persons responsible for health and safety in the 

workplace 

7. you deal with hazards with low risks in accordance 

with workplace health and safety procedures and 

legal requirements 

you must be able to reduce the risks to health 

and safety in your workplace, so 

8. you carry out your working practices in 

accordance with legal requirements 

9. you follow the most recent workplace health and 

safety policies for your job role 

10. you rectify those health and safety risks within 

your capability and the scope of your job 



45



JUNE 2006 

X3 CONDUCT AN ASSESSMENT OF 

RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

Fundamental to this unit is an understanding of the 

process of carrying out a risk assessment.A person 

competent in this unit should be able to carry out risk 

assessments according to regulatory requirements. 

Unit Imported From Employment NTO 



a) the responsibilities for risk assessments as required 

by the management of health and safety at work 

regulations 1992 and other related regulations 

b) your legal duties for health and safety in the 

workplace as required by the health and safety at 

work act 1974 

c) your duties for health and safety as defined by any 

specific legislation covering your job role 

d) methods of identifying hazards including direct 

observation, examining 

e) records, or interviews 

f) the work areas and people for whom you are 

carrying out the assessment 

g) work activities of the people in the workplace 

where you are carrying out the risk assessment 

h) resources required for a risk assessment to take 

place 

i) information sources for risk assessments (e.g. HSE 

publications) 

j) where to find expert advice and guidance your 

own limitations, job responsibilities and capabilities 

k) effective communication methods 

l) effective procedures for carrying out risk 

assessments 

m) the purpose, legal implications and importance of 

carrying out risk assessments 

n) what to do with the results of the risk assessment 

o) hazards that are most likely to cause harm to 

health and safety 


46



JUNE 2006 





p) the particular health and safety risks which may be 

present in your own job role and the precautions 

to take 

q) the importance of remaining alert to the presence 

of hazards in the whole workplace 

r) the importance of dealing with or promptly 

reporting risks 

PERFORMANCE STATEMENTS - 

You must be able to IDENTIFY HAZARDS in 

the workplace so you must show you can 

1. define, clearly, why and where the risk assessment 

will be carried out 

2. confirm that all the information available to you on 

statutory health and safety regulations is up-todate 

and from recognised and reliable information 

sources 

3. recognise your own limitations and seek expert 

advice and guidance on risk assessment when 

appropriate 

4. select a method of identifying hazards appropriate 

to the workplace being assessed 

5. identify those areas in the workplace where 

hazards with a potential for serious harm to health 

and safety are most likely to occur 

6. identify hazards which could result in serious harm 

to people at work or other persons 

7. record those hazards in a way which meets legal, 

good practice and workplace requirements 

8. report the results of the process to the 

responsible persons in an agreed format and 

timescale 


47



JUNE 2006 




You must be able to ASSESS THE LEVEL OF 

RISK and RECOMMEND ACTION, so you need 

to show that you can 

9. review all legal requirements that are appropriate 

to your workplace and working practices to ensure 

effective control measures are in place 

10. confirm that industry standards and all other 

reasonable precautions are in place 

11. identify hazards that should be eliminated 

12. ensure that for hazards that cannot be eliminated, 

you start your risk assessment with those that are 

most likely to cause serious harm to people at 

work or other people 

13. assess the level of risk and consider how the risks 

can be controlled to minimise harm 


You must be able to REVIEW your workplace 

assessment of risk, so you need to show that you 

can 

17. compare the latest risk assessment to current 

workplace and working practices 

18. identify, accurately, any significant differences 

between previous and new working practices 

19. investigate the action taken as a result of your 

recommendations specified in the latest risk 

assessment 

20. identify, accurately, new hazards arising from 

changes in the workplace or working practices 

21. make changes to your risk assessment in line with 

the review 

22. inform, promptly, everyone affected by the changes 

14. list unacceptable risks in priority order including all 

breaches of relevant health and safety legislation 

and workplace procedures 

15. prepare a risk assessment report containing 

recommendations for minimising risks 

16. present the results of the risk assessment to 

responsible persons in the agreed format 

and timescale 


48



JUNE 2006 

L17 OVERSEE THE HEALTH AND 

SAFETY OF LIGHTING CREWS 

UNIT OVERVIEW 

This Unit is about overseeing the health and safety of 

lighting crew during a production on location. It is about 

conforming with current legislation for production 

administration, organisation, planning and ongoing risk 

assessment in order to maintain a safe and healthy 

working environment. 

It requires communicating effectively with other 

colleagues about work activity and with the team about 

the procedures and other work occurring at the work 

location. 



a) what your health, safety, welfare and employment 

responsibilities and liabilities are and the 

importance of ensuring that other people are kept 

informed 

b) the importance of appointing first aiders and 

ensuring that you and your crew are aware who 

these personnel are 

c) the purpose and importance of risk assessments 

and that these are continually implemented within 

your team. 

d) organisational procedures and requirements 

relevant to: 

• the electrical risk assessment 

• The production risk assessment 

• ensuring sufficient quantities and availability 

of personal, protective equipment, safety 

equipment and resources 

• welfare facilities 

• reporting an accident and or near misses 

e) the importance of having statutory notices and 

hazard warnings and where to place them for best 

effect and for having systems to assist with the 

identification and rectification of hazards. 

f) the principles and methods of hazard identification 

and classification methods 

g) the importance of keeping everyone fully informed 

about what to do and when in the context of 

health and safety and their responsibilities with 

regard to their work 

h) awareness of disciplinary procedures and other 

sanctions in relation to non-compliance of health 

and safety procedures 


49



JUNE 2006 

L17 OVERSEE THE HEALTH AND 

SAFETY OF LIGHTING CREWS 



1. check that your health, safety and welfare 

responsibilities are consistent with: 

• contract, legislation, organisational policy 

• production specific requirements 

• agreed location procedures 

8. monitor the work of your team to ensure they are 

carrying out their work safely 

9. when work conditions change, carry out a review 

in accordance with organisational procedures to 

see if the risk assessment requires changing 

10. maintain relevant records for use in contributing to 

future decisions with regard to amendments to 

risk assessments 

2. communicate your health, safety and welfare 

responsibilities to relevant production personnel 

3. conduct and deliver a risk assessment to 

production and the lighting crew 

4. ensure there is a safe system of work in place that: 

• meets health and safety legislation 

• is in accordance with organisational 

requirements 

• complies with all risk assessments 

5. ensure that statutory notices appropriate to the 

hazards and risks are displayed where they will be 

seen clearly and to best effect 

6. ensure that personal protective equipment, safety 

equipment and resources: 

• comply with health and safety legislation 

• are available in sufficient quantities and the 

team know where they are 

• are immediately accessible to those who 

may need them 

7. ensure that powered access equipment is installed 

and used in accordance with instructions and 

regulations 


50



JUNE 2006 

DEFINITIONS OF STANDARDS RELEVANT TO 

ELECTRICAL WORKING IN THE FILM & TV INDUSTRIES 

PUWER 

Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 

1998 (PUWER 98) 

PUWER 98 applies to all work equipment including lifting equipment. Under 

PUWER 98 you are required to select suitable work equipment in terms of: 

...its construction and design; 

...where it is to be used; and 

...the purpose for which it is to be used. 

LOLER 

Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER). 

It is aimed at ensuring that all lifting operations are properly planned, that lifting 

equipment is used in a safe manner and that, where necessary, lifting equipment is 

thoroughly examined at suitable intervals by a competent person. 

COSSH 

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) 

COSHH requires employers to control exposures to hazardous substances to 

protect both employees and others exposed from work activities. Hazardous 

substances are anything that is harmful to health if not properly controlled 

(for example by using adequate ventilation). 

RIDDOR 

Reporting of Injuries, Disease and Dangerous Occurrences 

Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR 95) 

Requires that deaths of all employed people and members of the public arising from 

work activity are reported to HSE or local authority.There are also three 

categories of reportable injury to workers defined under the regulations: fatal, major 

and over-3-day injury.A non-fatal injury to a member of the public is reportable if it 

results in the injured person being taken from the site of the incident to hospital 


51



JUNE 2006 

EAWR Electricity at Work Regulations (1989) 

The EAWR requires proof that an electrical system is safe, which involves amongst 

other things, proper inspection and testing of a system by competent people and 

the creation and maintenance of records. It places a legal responsibility on 

employers and employees, as duty holders to ensure that electrical systems used at 

work under their control, are safe. 

BS7671 

British Standards document BS 7671: 2001 (16th edition) Requirements 

for Electrical Installations. IEE wiring regulations. 

The Certificate in the Requirements for Electrical Installation BS7671 June 2001 

(2381) is for practising electricians who need to comply with the format, content 

and applications of the requirements for Electrical Installations BS7671. It covers 

topics such as protection for safety selection and erection of equipment and 

inspection as well as testing to meet the standards of the IEE wiring regulations. 

BS7909 British Standards BS 7909 

Specification for design and installation of temporary distribution systems delivering 

AC electrical supplies for lighting technical services and other entertainment related 

purposes. 

BS7430 

British Standards BS 7430 – 1998. Code of Practice for Earthing 

BS3944 British Standards BS 3944 Colour filters for lighting must comply with BS 3944 

flame retardant standards. 

BS7905 

BS 7905 British Standard for Lifting equipment for performance, 

broadcast and similar applications. 

Part1) Specification for the design and manufacture of above stage equipment. 

Part 2) Specifications for the design and manufacture of aluminium and steel 

trusses and towers. 


52



JUNE 2006 

City & Guilds 2360 

parts 1 / 2 or 2330 

City and Guilds 2360: Basic installation qualification 

This is a college course practical course which covers the skills and knowledge 

necessary for installing wiring systems and other electrical equipment. It is available 

in three parts, parts 1, 2 and Course C. It covers theory and practice and 

Course C covers skills for people who have to plan and supervise this kind of work. 

City & Guilds 2377-002 

City and Guilds 2377-002: Certificate of Competence for In-service 

Inspection and Testing of Electrical Equipment. 

This is for practising electricians who need to be familiar with the use of 

the Institution of Electrical Engineer's Code of Practice in respect of 

portable appliance testing. 

There are two certificates, one for managers and one for those who carry 

out the testing. 


53

National Occupational Standards - Lighting for Film and ... - Skillset

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