The Crane Flies of California - Essig Museum of Entomology ...

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8 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey wing outline appearing short and broad (Bezzi, 1916). In California, reduction in wing size occurs particularly in the large-sized flies belonging to the genus TipuJa, including several representatives in the subgenera SerratipuJa and TripJicitipula, as is discussed under these groups. It also is found in a few local species in the tribe Pediciini. In the Eriopterini, the condition in Chionea has been mentioned above. The remaining tribes in North America, the Limoniini and Hexatomini, have a few representatives with reduced wings elsewhere in the country but none in the local fauna as presently known. The following key wilI be of assistance in determining these local subapterous species. 1 Body size large, the length commonly more than 10 mm, smallest in Tipula (Triplicitipula) quaylii, where the male is about 5 mm and the female 6 to 7 mm in length; head with the front produced into a short to longer prolongation; maxillary palpi with the fourth or terminal segment commonly long, exceeding the combined second and third segments; 2 eyes glabrous . . . Tipda: subgenera Pterelachisus, (Tipuliiae) Serratipula, Triplicitipula Body size small, the length commonly less than 5 mm, the only larger regional species being Pedicia: Tricyplrona; eyes in Pediciini with erect setae between the ommatidia; maxillary palpi with terminal segment short; head with the front short and inconspicuous . . . (Limoniinae) . . . . 2 Eyes glabrous; legs without tibial spurs; wings reduced to microscopic rudlnants; small brown insects with hairy legs, superficially resembling spiders; adult in the colder months, commonly found walking on snow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chionea ( Eriopterini ) Eyes with sparse short erect setae between the ommatidia to appear hairy; legs with tibial spurs; wings larger, stenopterous, three or more times as long as broad . . . . . . . Pedicia: Tricyplrona (Pediciini) Dicranota. PIectmmyia FAMILY TANYDERIDAE Alexander, C. P.,in Stone, Sabrosky, Wid, Fmte, and Coulson, 1965, A CataIog of Diptera of America North of Mexico, p. 90. The family Tanyderidae includes 33 described species arranged in ten genera, occurring in all major biotic regions. The only genus in California is Protanyderus Handlirsch, with two species known from the state. The immature stages have been discussed by Rose (1963) and by Knight (1963, 1964). Genus Protanyderus Handlirsch Protanyderus Handlizsch, 1909, Wieu, K. Naturhist Hof-Mus. Ann. 23:267, 270. Besides the three regional species, seven others occur in eastern and central Asia. KEY TO THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PROTANYDERUS 1 Size very small, wings narrow, in 8 6.3 x 1.2 mm; darkened wing pattern not forming crossbands, costal cell uniformly pale brown, the radial cells extensively darkened . . . . vanduzeei (Alexander) Size larger, wings of normal breadth, comm~nly 8 mm or more in length; brown bands crossing wing at cord and at outer end of cell 1st Mn; costal cell whitened, variegated by brown spots . . . . 2 2 Size medium, wing of 8 about 8 mm; wings with bases of cells R and M darkened, the area continued posteriorly to the anal angle; darkened band at cord nearly transverse, ending at the Anal vein; veins scattered with brown dots (Utah Report, p. 13, fig, 1) . . . . . . . . margarita Alexander (Extralimital: Oregon, Washington) Size large, wing of 8 over 10 mm; wings (figs. 12, 22) with bases of cells R and M not or only slightly darkened; darkened band at cord oblique, ending at midlength of cell A; interpolated brown dots restricted to the cells . . vipio (Osten Sacken) Protanyderus vanduzeei (Alexander) Protoplasa vanduze& Alexander, 1918, Ent News 29:285-286. Protanydems vanduzeei Williams, 1933, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 41, fig. 30 (wing). Holotype 8; Los Cerritos, county unknown, Cali. (CPA). Geographic range.-Knm only from California. Califom*ia zecord.--County unknown; Lw Cerritos, III-14-15 (M. C. Van bee, CPA); type. Protanyderus vipio (Osten Sacken) (Figs. 12, 22; Map 1) Map 1. Locality records in California for Protanyderus vipio (Osten Sacken) (circles).
Protoplasta vipio Osten Sacken, 1877. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey of the Ter., Bul. 3:208. Protanydems vipio Williams, 1933, N. Y. Ent Soc. Jour. 41, fig. 32 (wing). Holotype 8 ; San Mateo Creek, San Francisco, San Francisco County, Cali. (MCZ). Geographic range.aifornia, Oregon. California records.-L~~~ Co.: Cache Creek, 2 m. NE of Lower Iake, V-10-26 (M. C. Van DUE-, CPA). MARIN Co.: Lagunitas 111-21-25 (H. H. Keifer, CAS). M0-y CO.: Santa Lucia Mountains, Hastings Reservation, IV-30-49 (J. Lmsdale, HR). SAN MATXI Co.: San Mateo Creek, IV-9- 1876 (Osten Sackm, MCZ); type. SANTA CLlUu CO: Stevens Creek, IV-2&51 (W. C. Day, CPA). SmA Cmz CO.: Waddell Creek, V-19-51 (W. C. Day, CPA). TgWm CO.: Mill Creek, a tributary of the Sacramento River near Los Molinos, larva, V-1961 (J. H. Rose). (Rose, 1963). FAMILY PTYCHOPTERIDAE Alexander, C. P., in Stone, Sabmsky, Wirth, Foote, and Coulson, 1965, A Catalog of Diptera of America North of Mexico, pp. 97-98. The family Ptychopteridae includes about 60 described species distributed in three genera, all being represented in California. Elsewhere the family occurs in all biotic regions excepting the Australasian and Neotropical. The immature stages are well known (Alexander, 1920). KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF PTYCHOPTERIDAE 1 Antennae with 20 or more segments; wings (figs. 24, 25) with cell MI lacking; legs banded with black and white .............. 2 (Subfamily Bittacomorphinae) Antennae 16-segmented; wings (figs. 13, 23) with cell MI present; legs not patterned with white . PTYCHOPTERA Meigen 5 (Subfamily Ptychopterinae) 2 Sparse macrotrichia in outer wing cells; basitarsi not dilated; antennae 22-segmented ...... BI'M'ACOMORPHELLA Alexander 3 No macrotrichia in wing cells; basitarsi of all legs dilated; antennae 21-segmented ...... BITTACOMORPHA Westwood Oocidentdis Aldrich 3 Male hypopygium (fig. 31) with major arms of tergite unusually glabrous, with a few setae on outer third; each outer angle of tergal plate pruduced into a narrow blade; dististyle bearing a slender basal lobe; interbase a long slender curved hook (Washington Report, p. 273, fig. 1) . fenderiana Alexander (Extralimital: Oregon) Male hypopygium (figs. 32, 33) with major arms of tergite with abundant setae throughout their length; outer angles of tergal plate not produced; dististyle simple; interbase generally straight ..... 4 4 Male hypopygium (fig. 32) with lateral tergal arms relatively slender; blackened armature of phallosome stout, tip obtuse .... pacifica Alexander Male hypopygium (fig. 33) with lateral tergal arms stouter, especially at bases; blackened armature of phallosome a long, straight spike sackenii (von RSder) Alexander: The Crane Flies of California 9 5 Mesonotum obscure yellow, the praescutum and scutum conspicuously patterned with polished black posterior sclerites of notum and the pleura chiefly or entirely yellowed; male hypopygium large, the tergite and dististyles elongate, each tergal lobe very long and slender, with a short spur on ventral margin at near midlmgth .... sculleni Alexander Mesonotal praescutum and scutum black, pleura gray; male hypopygium with tergal lobes relatively short (figs. 26-30) ............. 6 6 Mesonotum intensely polished black .... 7 Mesonotum more opaque black ....... 8 7 Male hypopygium (fig. 29) with each tergal arm terminating in three lobes, the intermediate one elongate, clavate; -&tistyle with two lobes additional to the pale pendant appendage; spine of basal lobe short. ..... monoensis Alexander Male hypopygium (fig. 30) with each tergal arm with two lobes, the mesal one more slender; dististyle with three lobee additional to the pale pendant appendage; spine of basal lobe elongate .... townesi Alexander 8 Male hypopygium (fig. 26) with outer lobe of tergal ann bearing a nearly terminal black spur that projects beyond the apex; subterminal lobe slender, mumwedoutwardly ...... byemiAlexander Male hypopygium with outer lobe of tergal arm stouter, the blackened spur mall, subterminal, not reaching the apex; subterminal lobe stouter ... 9 9 Male hypopygium (fig. 27) with subterminal lobe of tergal arm relatively nam, the length greater than breadth at base .... ~N'S Osten Sacken Male hypopygium (fig. 28) with subterminal lobe broader than long, the outer end slightly produced ........... minor Alexander Genus Bittacomorpha Westwood Bittacornorpha Westwood, 1835, London and Edinb. Phil. Mag. and Jour. Sci. 6:281. Besides the regional species, the genus includes only the eastern Nearctic B. clavipes (Fabricius) occurring as far west as Utah and eastern Arizona. Bittacomorpha midentalis Aldrich (Fig. 25; Map 2) Bittacomorpha oocidentafis Aldrich, 1895, Psyche 7:201. Holotype 8 ; Washington (USNM). Geographic range.-California, Oregon, Washington. California records.-HUMBOLDT Co.: Eureka V-22-03, VI- 3-03 (H. S. Barber, (USNM). Fieldbrook, V-18-03 (H. S. Barber, USNM). LASSEN CO.: Susan River Camp, VII-1049 (A. T. McClay, UCD). SHASTA CO.: Lassen Volcanic National Park, Hat Lake, 6450 feet, VII-23-50 (C. P. Alexander and P. H. Arnaud, CPA); VIII4/9-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Hat Creek, base of Reading Mountain between Hat Lake and Paradise Meadow, 7020 feet, VIII-7-58 (C. P. Alexander, CPA); Reflection Lake, 5880 feet, VII-23-50 (C. P. Alexander, P. H. Arnaud, and L. M. Quate, CPA). Whitmore, Killark P. H., 3000 feet, V-1349 (H. P. Chandler, CAS). TEHAMA CO.: near Lassen Volcanic National Park, VI-15-59 (G. W. Byers, UK) .
Page 3 and 4: THE CRANE FLIES OF CALIFORNIA
Page 5 and 6: I BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT
Page 7 and 8: ! CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . .
Page 9: I Tribe Eriopterini . . . Genus Chi
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