Removal of Bromate and Perchlorate in Ozone/GAC Systems

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3.13 Extended perchlorate mass balance: total mass removed by and recovered from metal-catalyzed GAC (10 + 200 mg/L NO3" rinses) ................... 79 3.14 Ozone/hydrogen peroxide/perchlorate batch tests ........................... 81 3.15 Reduction of perchlorate in aqueous medium using microbial isolates ............ 90 3.16 Dilution-to-extinction experiments: perchlorate ............................ 95 4.1 Historical water quality for Metropolitan source water ...................... 100 4.2 Control study for chemical reduction pathway for perchlorate ................ 109 4.3 Characteristics of Norit carbon used in mobile pilot plant .................... 112 4.4 Mobile pilot plant operating conditions .................................. 115 4.5 Preloading results from the mobile pilot plant ............................. 116
FIGURES 1.1 Effect of influent dissolved oxygen concentration on bromate breakthrough from the BAG filter ............................................. 6 1.2 Possible depletion of bromate, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen in the biofilm ......... 7 1.3 Reduction of bromate to bromide in a BAG filter ............................ 8 1.4 Effect of influent nitrate concentration on bromate breakthrough from a BAG filter ................................................. 10 1.5 Nitrogen mass balance in experiments 4 and 5 (25-minute BAG filter) - ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate ............................................. 11 1.6 Nitrogen mass balance in experiments 6 and 7 (49-50-minute BAG filter) - ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate ............................................. 12 1.7 Nitrogen speciation in experiment 4 (25-minute BAG filter) .................... 12 1.8 Nitrogen speciation in experiment 6 (49-minute BAG filter) ................... 13 1.9 Percent bromate removal versus EBCT with different influent nitrate concentrations ............................................... 14 2.1 Schematic of BAG filters using CUW .................................... 22 2.2 Schematic of BAG filters using LMW ................................... 23 2.3 Schematic of multi-port BAG filter using CUW ............................ 24 2.4 Progression of plating and aqueous medium experiments with pure cultures ....... 29 3.1 Repeat of the 10- and 20-minute EBCT filtration experiment (average influent conditions: CUW, pH 7.5, 2 mg/L DO, 5.0 mg/L NO3', 20 ug/L BrO3") .... 40 3.2 Repeat of the 10- and 20-minute EBCT filtration experiment (average influent conditions: CUW, pH 7.5, 2 mg/L DO, 0.3 mg/L NO3', 20 |ag/L BrO 3") ... 40 3.3 Changing the influent nitrate concentration from 0.3 to 5.0 mg/L in the BAG filters .................................................. 41 3.4 Bromate removal in 1- and 2-inch inner-diameter BAG filters ................. 43 3.5 Mass concentration bromate removal with different influent bromate concentrations (average influent conditions: CUW, pH 7.5, 2 mg/L DO, 0.3 mg/L NO3") ........ 45 3.6 Mass concentration bromate removal with different influent bromate concentrations (average influent conditions: CUW, pH 7.5, 2 mg/L DO, 5.0 mg/L NO3") ........ 45 xi
Page 1: AWWA Research Foundation Removal of
Page 4 and 5: The mission of the AWWA Research Fo
Page 6 and 7: Disclaimer This study was funded by
Page 8 and 9: Serum Bottle Experiments ..........
Page 11: TABLES 1.1 Bromate removal in DFE a
Page 15: 3.32 Perchlorate removal vs. nitrat
Page 18 and 19: Perchlorate and chlorate salts are
Page 21 and 22: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Bromate (BrO3~) a
Page 23 and 24: scale ozone-BAC plants is likely du
Page 25 and 26: RECOMMENDATIONS 1. To utilize BAG f
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND
Page 29 and 30: PREVIOUS STUDIES - BROMATE 1 Siddiq
Page 31 and 32: ethanol was required to stimulate e
Page 33 and 34: were not measured, they can be pres
Page 35 and 36: one year prior to this experiment,
Page 37 and 38: 2.0 - e • • 8 i 8 a
Page 39 and 40: i S I i.o - 1.4 - 1.2 - 1.0 - 0.8 -
Page 41 and 42: ut the concentrations of oxygen and
Page 43 and 44: species that is able to reduce perc
Page 45 and 46: CHAPTER 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS MA
Page 47 and 48: BAG was formed by extensively prelo
Page 49 and 50: Floating Cover 1 Influent: LMW 20 (
Page 51 and 52: Backwash ing the BAG filters Two of
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.2 Agar recipe for plating e
Page 55 and 56: Streaked individual colony morpholo
Page 57 and 58: METHODS UTILIZED FOR PERCHLORATE RE
Page 59 and 60: Metal-Catalyzed GAG Filter Experime
Page 61 and 62: perchlorate, nitrite, nitrate, and
Page 63 and 64:
Table 2.5 Serum bottle experiment 2
Page 65 and 66:
CHAPTER 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION B
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a two-week period. Over the two-wee
Page 69 and 70:
To establish the effect of backwash
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o S 25 20 - 15 - 10 - O 50-min EBCT
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In general, the average percent bro
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measured nitrate concentration and
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Two data points in each of Figures
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90 - ^ 80 - 70 - J 60 - o 11 1 50 -
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ench-scale and full-scale B AC filt
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omate removal was sustained (Figure
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Fraction Perchlorate Remaining, Fra
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Figure 3.18 Rods and cocci from the
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seen that the BAG samples contain a
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Bromate Reduction in DDW with Exoge
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The mass balance on nitrate + nitri
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N2O was not detected and no evidenc
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Table 3.10 Results of dilution-to-e
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0 so o U ).0 - I 5.0 U ffl Addition
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o I Io U D o ou - 50 1 40 - 30 - 20
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Wash Tests Table 3.11 lists the res
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The next step was to determine if p
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Jar cio4- 42.8 40.4 40.5 41.1 6 C/C
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of nitrate on perchlorate reduction
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Effluent Perchlorate, C/C l.U 0.8 -
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was decreased. It is interesting to
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1 1.6 1.4 - 1.2 - .1.0- 1.5mg/L Inf
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or 1.5 mg/L nitrate showed no perch
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^——s 0 4 0 234 Incubation Time
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Figure 3.43 illustrates the differe
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Figure 3.44 Rods and protozoa from
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CHAPTER 4. ACTIVITIES AT THE METROP
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Perchlorate is only found in CRW, a
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Residual ozone. To reduce sample ov
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^ influent 0 effluent A mid • inf
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Effect of Nitrate The background ni
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Table 4.2 Control study for chemica
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PILOT-SCALE MOBILE PILOT PLANT STUD
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Mobile Pilot Plant Ozone The ozonat
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Table 4.4 Mobile pilot plant operat
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p o O. i Fraction Bromate Remaining
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CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
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Bromate removal increased as the in
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virgin Norit GAC showed an ion exch
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Microscopic examination of the biom
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CHAPTER 6. RECOMMENDATIONS TO UTILI
Page 156 and 157:
Brock, T. D., M. T. Madigan, J. M.
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Kirisits, M. J., V. L. Snoeyink, an
Page 160 and 161:
Rogers, K. 1997. Water Contaminated
Page 163 and 164:
ABBREVIATIONS AWWA AWWARF American
Page 166:
AWWA Research Foundation Advancing
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Removal of Bromate and Perchlorate in Ozone/GAC Systems

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