Removal of Bromate and Perchlorate in Ozone/GAC Systems

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Disclaimer This study was funded by the AWWA Research Foundation (AWWARF). AWWARF assumes no responsibility for the content of the research study reported in this publication or for the opinions or statements of fact expressed in the report. The mention of trade names for commercial products does not represent or imply the approval or endorsement of AWWARF. This report is presented solely for informational purposes. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for. Copyright 2001 by AWWA Research Foundation and American Water Works Association Printed in the U.S.A. ISBN 1-58321-104-7 Printed on recycled paper
CONTENTS TABLES ................................................................ ix FIGURES .............................................................. xi FOREWORD ........................................................... xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................;......................... xvii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................. xix CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................. 1 Background - Bromate ............................................... 1 Background - Perchlorate ............................................. 1 Previous Studies - Bromate ............................................ 3 Bromate Reduction with Various Influent Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations .......................................... 5 Bromate Reduction to Bromide ................................... 8 Bromate Reduction with Various Influent Nitrate Concentrations .......... 9 Bromate Reduction with Various EBCTs ........................... 13 Verification of Biological Bromate Removal ......................... 14 Previous Studies - Perchlorate ......................................... 16 Objectives ........................................................ 17 CHAPTER 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................. 19 Materials Used for Bromate Reduction Experiments ........................ 19 Water ...................................................... 19 Reagents .................................................... 20 Methods Utilized for Bromate Reduction Experiments ....................... 20 Biologically Active Carbon- Small Columns ......................... 20 Biologically Active Carbon - Large Filter ........................... 23 Backwashing the BAG Filters .................................... 25 Heterotrophic Plate Counts ..................................... 25 Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ........................... 25 Plating Experiments ........................................... 26 Dilution-to-Extinction Experiments ............................... 28
Page 1: AWWA Research Foundation Removal of
Page 4 and 5: The mission of the AWWA Research Fo
Page 8 and 9: Serum Bottle Experiments ..........
Page 11 and 12: TABLES 1.1 Bromate removal in DFE a
Page 13 and 14: FIGURES 1.1 Effect of influent diss
Page 15: 3.32 Perchlorate removal vs. nitrat
Page 18 and 19: Perchlorate and chlorate salts are
Page 21 and 22: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Bromate (BrO3~) a
Page 23 and 24: scale ozone-BAC plants is likely du
Page 25 and 26: RECOMMENDATIONS 1. To utilize BAG f
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND
Page 29 and 30: PREVIOUS STUDIES - BROMATE 1 Siddiq
Page 31 and 32: ethanol was required to stimulate e
Page 33 and 34: were not measured, they can be pres
Page 35 and 36: one year prior to this experiment,
Page 37 and 38: 2.0 - e • • 8 i 8 a
Page 39 and 40: i S I i.o - 1.4 - 1.2 - 1.0 - 0.8 -
Page 41 and 42: ut the concentrations of oxygen and
Page 43 and 44: species that is able to reduce perc
Page 45 and 46: CHAPTER 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS MA
Page 47 and 48: BAG was formed by extensively prelo
Page 49 and 50: Floating Cover 1 Influent: LMW 20 (
Page 51 and 52: Backwash ing the BAG filters Two of
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.2 Agar recipe for plating e
Page 55 and 56: Streaked individual colony morpholo
Page 57 and 58:
METHODS UTILIZED FOR PERCHLORATE RE
Page 59 and 60:
Metal-Catalyzed GAG Filter Experime
Page 61 and 62:
perchlorate, nitrite, nitrate, and
Page 63 and 64:
Table 2.5 Serum bottle experiment 2
Page 65 and 66:
CHAPTER 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION B
Page 67 and 68:
a two-week period. Over the two-wee
Page 69 and 70:
To establish the effect of backwash
Page 71 and 72:
o S 25 20 - 15 - 10 - O 50-min EBCT
Page 73 and 74:
In general, the average percent bro
Page 75 and 76:
measured nitrate concentration and
Page 77 and 78:
Two data points in each of Figures
Page 79 and 80:
90 - ^ 80 - 70 - J 60 - o 11 1 50 -
Page 81 and 82:
ench-scale and full-scale B AC filt
Page 83 and 84:
omate removal was sustained (Figure
Page 85 and 86:
Fraction Perchlorate Remaining, Fra
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 3.18 Rods and cocci from the
Page 89 and 90:
seen that the BAG samples contain a
Page 91 and 92:
Bromate Reduction in DDW with Exoge
Page 93 and 94:
The mass balance on nitrate + nitri
Page 95 and 96:
N2O was not detected and no evidenc
Page 97 and 98:
Table 3.10 Results of dilution-to-e
Page 99 and 100:
0 so o U ).0 - I 5.0 U ffl Addition
Page 101 and 102:
o I Io U D o ou - 50 1 40 - 30 - 20
Page 103 and 104:
Wash Tests Table 3.11 lists the res
Page 105 and 106:
The next step was to determine if p
Page 107 and 108:
Jar cio4- 42.8 40.4 40.5 41.1 6 C/C
Page 109 and 110:
of nitrate on perchlorate reduction
Page 111 and 112:
Effluent Perchlorate, C/C l.U 0.8 -
Page 113 and 114:
was decreased. It is interesting to
Page 115 and 116:
1 1.6 1.4 - 1.2 - .1.0- 1.5mg/L Inf
Page 117 and 118:
or 1.5 mg/L nitrate showed no perch
Page 119 and 120:
^——s 0 4 0 234 Incubation Time
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 3.43 illustrates the differe
Page 123 and 124:
Figure 3.44 Rods and protozoa from
Page 125 and 126:
CHAPTER 4. ACTIVITIES AT THE METROP
Page 127 and 128:
Perchlorate is only found in CRW, a
Page 129 and 130:
Residual ozone. To reduce sample ov
Page 131 and 132:
^ influent 0 effluent A mid • inf
Page 133 and 134:
Effect of Nitrate The background ni
Page 135 and 136:
Table 4.2 Control study for chemica
Page 137 and 138:
PILOT-SCALE MOBILE PILOT PLANT STUD
Page 139 and 140:
Mobile Pilot Plant Ozone The ozonat
Page 141 and 142:
Table 4.4 Mobile pilot plant operat
Page 143 and 144:
p o O. i Fraction Bromate Remaining
Page 145 and 146:
CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Page 147 and 148:
Bromate removal increased as the in
Page 149 and 150:
virgin Norit GAC showed an ion exch
Page 151 and 152:
Microscopic examination of the biom
Page 153:
CHAPTER 6. RECOMMENDATIONS TO UTILI
Page 156 and 157:
Brock, T. D., M. T. Madigan, J. M.
Page 158 and 159:
Kirisits, M. J., V. L. Snoeyink, an
Page 160 and 161:
Rogers, K. 1997. Water Contaminated
Page 163 and 164:
ABBREVIATIONS AWWA AWWARF American
Page 166:
AWWA Research Foundation Advancing
show all

Removal of Bromate and Perchlorate in Ozone/GAC Systems

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?