SOADI Frontline Training - CAMH - Nicotine Dependence Clinic

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<strong>SOADI</strong> FRONTLINE TRAINING 6 Types There are four main types of diabetes: Prediabetes Prediabetes occurs when blood-glucose levels are higher than normal but not as high as are found in diabetic individuals. This state is referred to as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Prediabetic individuals are at an increased risk of developing diabetes but can reduce this risk by eating healthily, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy body weight. Type 1 Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas stops producing insulin. It often occurs during childhood through young adulthood and the person living with type 1 diabetes will require insulin injections for the rest of his or her life. Type 1 diabetes used to be referred to as juvenile diabetes. Type 2 Type 2 is the most common type of diabetes and usually develops during adulthood. It occurs when our insulin is not working properly, or our pancreases don’t produce enough insulin. Gestational Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually goes away after the individual gives birth. Gestational diabetes affects up to 18% of Aboriginal women and increases both the mother and child’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. While type 2 diabetes is generally considered to be a disease that affects adults, we have seen an increase in children as young as six developing the disease. Signs and Symptoms There are several signs and symptoms that could indicate that a person has developed diabetes: • Unusual thirst. • Extreme fatigue. • Blurred vision. • Frequent urination. • Headaches. • Cuts that won’t heal. • Weight loss or gain. • Tingling in hands, legs, and feet. Figure 3 Headaches, fatigue, and blurred vision can be signs of diabetes.
<strong>SOADI</strong> FRONTLINE TRAINING 7 People suffering from these symptoms should consider a diabetes test. They must also be aware that a person living with diabetes will sometimes exhibit no symptoms at all. Prevention Since type 2 diabetes is often determined by lifestyle choices, people can work to prevent it and/or its complications by being more active and eating healthy balanced meals. Being active for just 30 minutes a day can reduce a person’s risk of developing diabetes by 50%. Risk Factors There are several risk factors associated with the development of type 2 diabetes about which we can do little or nothing. These include: • Being of Aboriginal ancestry. • Being 40 years of age or older. • Having family members with diabetes. • Having had gestational diabetes. • Giving birth to a large baby (>9lbs). Fortunately, there are a number of modifiable risk factors that can help reduce both our risk of developing type 2 diabetes, as well as the complications that can result from the disease: • Quit smoking. • Work to lower high blood pressure. • Lose weight, if overweight. • Avoid abdominal obesity (pot belly). • Reduce stress. • Include sufficient fruits and vegetables in diet. • Increase physical activity. • Avoid alcohol consumption. Figure 4 Losing weight is one way to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. If we choose to disregard the necessary behavior modifications, we increase our chances of developing type 2 diabetes and/or complications. This is especially true if we compound issues.
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SOADI Frontline Training - CAMH - Nicotine Dependence Clinic

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