Human Dignity, Justice, Fairness, Youth - Eubios Ethics Institute

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Macer, DRJ and Saad-Zoy, S. eds., Asia-Arab Interregional Philosophical Dialogues:
Human Dignity, Justice, Fairness, Youth, Democracy and Public Policy (UNESCO, 2011)
6 - The Nation-State and Social Rights of Women
Many researchers in the industry see the nation state as a catalyst for social policy. Indeed, the
State must support salaries and bear the cost of labor used by employers, including companies
export through the allocation of pensions, housing and various social services (health, education
and training and child care), insurance against the risk of unemployment, sickness, social
security, among others.
Today, the countries of South East Asia, Latin America played an important role immediately
after the independence of their respective states. Despite the fluctuations associated with
globalization, the area of workers was held to consider all the parameters of women's rights but
their application remains a subject of debate.
7 - Effect of Globalization on the African Market and Arab Women's Work
The Arab states did not remain with folded arms over what is happening internationally,
particularly in relation to the liberalization of trade and economy. In fact, most Arab countries
have made liberalization of economic policies and reforms on a large scale. These reforms have
led to the contrary. It should be noted that increased competition in the labor market has been
paid beloved by women, even those working in the fields asking for high-level scientific
qualifications.
Despite the multiple factors leading to the exclusion of women in Arab countries, Arab women
has explored other fields related to the field of information, communication, trade and tourism.
But the work in the public sector remains the best option for Arab women, particularly in
education and management, health and banking.
However, the effects suffered by these sectors because of the structural reform policies led to a
reduction in employment opportunities for women, which led to a widening gap between the
sexes in work and in the distribution of roles that impacts more on women's employment.
Despite strong demand expressed by Arab women in the private sector, employers do not prefer
especially the work of women for reasons of social, cultural and material.
Restrictions are still imposed on women's work outside the home in many Arab countries that
have a negative impact on the economy. All these factors led to the "feminization of poverty"
and the "feminization of unemployment" which have now become two features for women
worldwide, according to recent UN reports. However, some researchers explain the
unemployment of women in Arab countries by the theory of supply and demand. However, this
theory must take account of structural changes that limit access to qualified women in the labor
market. Indeed, sometimes it is recommended the revision of many structures and the
questioning of certain reforms including those related with the export of foreign labor. Despite
some negative aspects of the employment of Arab women, the decade of the 90s saw the birth of
a significant change in some Arab societies.
For example, this policy has resulted in some countries such as Saudi Arabia, where women are
still living in difficult conditions, but marked by the increase in the percentage of Saudi workers
from the fairer sex to 3%, although the proportion of women in Saudi society reached 50%.