Vision 2020 - World Health Organization

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APPROACHES TO PREVENTION OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT 2.2 DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT REFRACTIVE ERRORS Targets • Each national VISION 2020 plan shall incorporate measures to address visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive errors. • Achieve a ratio of one trained functional refractionist per 100 000 population by 2010 and 1:50 000 by 2020. • Comprehensive eye care services should ensure that refraction services with provision of suitable correction tools are available at all levels of service delivery, including during outreach. • Particular attention should be paid to children of primary and secondary school age, the working poor and adults over the age of 50 years. • The correction provided should be affordable, of good quality and culturally acceptable. • Epidemiological research should be conducted on the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors and its trends. Indicator proportion of people with uncorrected refractive errors that cause visual impairment (i.e. presenting with visual acuity < 6/18 in the better eye) 17
VISION 2020 GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF AVOIDABLE BLINDNESS: ACTION PLAN 2006–2011 LOW VISION 2.2 DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT Low vision Low-vision services are aimed at people who have residual vision that can be used and enhanced by specifi c aids. Low vision is currently defi ned as ‘visual acuity of < 6/18 down to and including 3/60 in the better eye’, from all causes. Many such persons require cataract extraction or refraction services. In 2009, the term ‘low vision’ will be deleted from the 10th revision of the ICD (ICD-10), leaving the terms ‘moderate visual impairment (presenting visual acuity of < 6/18 to 6/60)’ and ‘severe visual impairment (< 6/60 to 3/60)’, from all causes. In 1993, at a meeting in Bangkok, Thailand, the following defi nition was agreed on to identify persons who could benefi t from low-vision services (24): “A person with low vision is someone who, after medical, surgical and/or optical intervention, has a corrected visual acuity in the better eye of < 6/18 down to and including light perception or a central visual fi eld of < 20 degrees, but who uses or has the potential to use vision for the planning and/or execution of a task.” To prevent confusion in this document, when this second meaning of the term ‘low vision’ is intended it will be referred to as ‘functional low vision’ or it will be used in the context of low-vision services. The defi nition of ‘functional low vision’ can be used in population-based surveys to determine prevalence and causes, although some persons with a corrected visual acuity of 6/18 or above in the better eye might benefi t from low-vision care. Current situation Currently, there are no global estimates of the number of people with functional low vision. It is likely, however, to be 40–65 million. The number of people with low vision will increase as a result of the ageing of the world’s population, and age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy are increasingly important causes of low vision. Low-vision services are not available in many countries, particularly developing countries, or are located only in major cities. It is estimated (25) that less than 5% of people needing low-vision care have access to it, but there is considerable variation between regions and countries. Achievements VISION 2020 intensively advocates for increased awareness of the need for low-vision services, and courses to train national focal persons in low-vision programme management have been conducted in four regions. These persons are then responsible for working with national VISION 2020 committees to ensure low-vision services. A low-vision resource centre is operating from Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China, to distribute high-quality, affordable low-vision devices and equipment to all regions. Low-vision services have been set up in some tertiary paediatric eye centres and often serve as national models; however, they can provide services only up to their capacity. 18
Page 2 and 3: GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR THE ELIMINATI
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS Acknowledgements iv Summar
Page 6 and 7: SUMMARY The global initiative known
Page 8 and 9: 1. AVOIDABLE VISUAL IMPAIRMENT - A
Page 10 and 11: AVOIDABLE VISUAL IMPAIRMENT - A HUM
Page 16 and 17: 2. APPROACHES TO PREVENTION OF VISU
Page 18 and 19: APPROACHES TO PREVENTION OF VISUAL
Page 64 and 65: VISION 2020: THE RIGHT TO SIGHT 6.
Page 66 and 67: VISION 2020: THE RIGHT TO SIGHT •
Page 68 and 69: ANNEX I WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY RESOL
Page 70 and 71: ANNEX II WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY RESO
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ANNEX III MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GO
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ANNEX IV REVISED LIST OF VISION 202
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ANNEX V IMPLEMENTATION OF VISION 20
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ANNEX V IMPLEMENTATION OF VISION 20
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ANNEX VI PARTICIPANTS AND WORKING G
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World Health Organization Secretari
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Vision 2020 - World Health Organization

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