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CURRENT FRESHWATER USES AND FUTURE SUPPLY - DEMAND MISMATCH Homes in industrialized countries consumed ~85% of freshwater directly in bathing, toilet flushing and laundry TYPICAL INDUSTRIALIZED HOME WATER USE PATTERN (2008) % 5% Cleaning 10% 20% Cook/drink Laundry 30% Toilet flush PER-CAPITA BOTTLED WATER CONSUMPTION L/capita/year Italy Belgium-Luxembourg France United Arab Emirates European Union (24) Spain Austria Czech Republic Hungary 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 n.a. 2 CAGR 1 99-07 11.3% CAGR 1 99-12 1.2% 0.1% -0.2% 1.1% 1.0% -1.7% 11.2% 35% Bath/shower Drinking water and cooking account for just 10% of direct freshwater use in an industrialized home, excluding: • Outdoor watering uses; • Indirect freshwater consumption in the supply of food and materials (e.g. virtual water see slide 24 & 23). Note: Source: Netherlands ©2014 SBC Energy Institute. Permission is hereby granted to reproduce and distribute copies of this work for personal or nonprofit educational purposes. Any copy or extract has to refer to the copyright of SBC Energy Institute Israel Finland • Per capita consumption of bottled water is highly heterogeneous both in absolute quantity and growth dynamics. • Different growth drivers exist: 1999 18.2% x >10% n.a. 2 2007 x [0;10%] Illness prevention in developing countries (growing market); Perceived health benefits in developed countries (shrinking market). 1 CAGR: Compound annual growth rate; 2 n.a.: Not available. Black et al (2009), “The Atlas of Water”; Credit Suisse (2009), “Water: The pressure is rising”; European federation of bottled water (efbw.eu/); Pacific Institute (worldwater.org/water-data/) n.a. 2 2012 x
CURRENT FRESHWATER USES AND FUTURE SUPPLY - DEMAND MISMATCH The gap between global freshwater supply and demand is expected to reach ~40% by 2030, but water challenges are local in nature Gap driven by Supply ↓ Demand ↑ GLOBAL AND REGIONAL WITHDRAWAL IN 2030 VS. EXISTING ACCESSIBLE, RELIABLE SUPPLY 1 (2009) km 3 4,500 2% CAGR 2 6,900 900 4,500 1 1,500 600 800 3,100 -40% 4,200 700 3,500 Ground water Surface water Global India China 2 Aggregate 2030 demand km 3 , CAGR 2 CAGR 2 6,900 2% 4,200 810 1,498 2.8% 1.6% 2030 Supply km 3 609 4 742 4 Aggregate gap % of demand 25 40 50 2009 2030e Withdrawal = demand Existing accessible, reliable, sustainable supply 3 Domestic Industrial Agricultural Sao Paulo State 2 South Africa 3 20 1.4% 18 1.1% 15 5 17 4 17 32 • The supply-demand mismatch depicted above is driven both by reductions in freshwater supply and increasing demand. Failure to address this gap fully could lead to serious consequences (detailed in slides 36 and 37). • The global 40%-gap figure is an aggregation of numerous local gaps, some of which are even worse. For instance, it is forecast that India’s 2030 gap will be ~50%, and that 1/3 of the population of developing countries will live in basins where the deficit exceeds 50%. There is therefore no single freshwater crisis, as different regions/countries face very different water challenges and generalizations should thus be taken with caution. Note: Source: 1 The withdrawal figure for 2009 presented in this study is higher than the World Bank figure presented in previous slides. The authors could not reconcile data differences as only the latter database is publically available; 2 CAGR: Compound annual growth rate; 3 Existing supply which can be provided at 90% reliability, based on historical hydrology and infrastructure investments scheduled through 2010, net of environmental requirements; fossil/non-renewable groundwater reserves have not been considered, as they are not sustainable in the long term; 4 Figures slightly changed for consistency purpose with slide 64. 2030 Water Resources Group (2009), “Charting our water future” ©2014 SBC Energy Institute. Permission is hereby granted to reproduce and distribute copies of this work for personal or nonprofit educational purposes. Any copy or extract has to refer to the copyright of SBC Energy Institute 32
Page 1 and 2: LEADING THE ENERGY TRANSITION FACTB
Page 3 and 4: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY │Accessible, re
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY │Water risks co
Page 7 and 8: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY │There are vari
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Water atlas -
Page 11 and 12: WATER ATLAS - A GLOBAL PICTURE OF T
Page 27 and 28: CURRENT FRESHWATER USES AND FUTURE
Page 31: CURRENT FRESHWATER USES AND FUTURE
Page 39 and 40: 3. Status & future development 3. W
Page 41 and 42: WATER RISKS: MULTI-DIMENSIONAL AND
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Page 49 and 50: VALUE CHAIN AND TECHNOLOGIES The wa
Page 51 and 52: VALUE CHAIN AND TECHNOLOGIES 3 type
Page 53 and 54: Capital requirement * Technology ri
Page 55 and 56: VALUE CHAIN AND TECHNOLOGIES Wastew
Page 57 and 58: VALUE CHAIN AND TECHNOLOGIES Hydrop
Page 59 and 60: WATER MARKET TRENDS AND PROMISING S
Page 67 and 68: WATER CONSUMPTION AND CONSTRAINTS O
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WATER CONSUMPTION AND CONSTRAINTS O
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SUMMARY - KEY FIGURES “Useful”
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography (1/5) •
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CREDITS Picture credits (1/2) • S
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By Benjamin Court, Romain Debarre a
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