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VALUE CHAIN AND TECHNOLOGIES
Hydropower is among the main contributors to global electricity production, but
marine power’s contribution remains very small
GROSS GLOBAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION (2014)
TWh
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
TWh
% mix
15.8%
2011
1
0.00%
Ocean 2
Hydro
15.9%
2020e
5
0.02%
15.5%
2025e
12
0.04%
15.3%
2030e
+1.9%
15.1%
2035e
Other renewables 3
Nuclear
25
0.07%
54
0.14%
15.0%
2040e
93
0.23%
14.8%
2045e
122
0.28%
14.7%
2050e
165
0.36%
2011-2050
CAGR 1
+15.6%
+1.7%
+6.5%
+1.4%
+1.0%
Fossil (Coal, Gas, Oil)
Ocean zoom
+15.6%
Projected data are based on the 4DS, or New Policies, scenario, which
assumes recent government policy commitments will be implemented
even if they have not yet been backed up by firm measures.
+1.7%
• Methods of generating electricity from water
include hydropower, wave power and tidal power.
• Hydropower contributes more than nuclear power
to the global electricity mix. Other renewables are
expected to surpass hydropower by 2035. China,
Brazil (80% of power generation), Canada (60%), the
US, and Russia are the world leaders in hydropower.
2009 global installed capacity was 1,007 GW (ETP
2012). Total technical potential is estimated to be
3,721 GW (NREL 2011), in Africa 92% of the
hydropower capacity is still underdeveloped;
Small hydropower installed and potential capacity
are 75 and 173 GW respectively;
IEA Energy Technology Perspectives indicates
that hydropower’s contribution increased from
3252 TWh in 2009 (IEA 2012) to 3490 TWh in
2011 (IEA 2014).
• Electricity production from ocean (wave and tidal)
is forecast to remain below 0.5% of the global mix
until 2050.
Note: 1
CAGR: Compound annual growth rate; 2 Wave and tidal; 3 Include solar (photovoltaic and concentrating solar power), wind (onshore and offshore),
biomass and geothermal. The 2DS scenario includes a growth rate per annum for other renewable of +7.8%.
Source: IEA (2012, 2014), “Energy Technology Perspectives”; National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (2011), “Chapter 5: Hydropower”, “Chapter 6:
Ocean Energy”; UNIDO and ICSHP website www.smallhydroworld.org/; SBC Energy Institute analysis
©2014 SBC Energy Institute. Permission is hereby granted to reproduce and distribute copies of this work for personal or nonprofit educational purposes. Any copy or extract has to refer to the copyright of SBC Energy Institute
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