Current Titles in Wildland Fire, May 2012 - Association for Fire Ecology

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Current Titles in Wildland Fire, May 2012 Title: the Long-term Survival of Phytophthora Cinnamomi in Mature Banksia Grandis Killed by the Pathogen Source: Forest Pathology 42: 28-36 Year: 2012 Keywords: Ecology Disease Abstract: the Ability of Phytophthora Cinnamomi to Survive Long Dry Periods is the Key to Its Persistence in the South-west of Western Australia. It Has Been Proposed that Dead Banksia grandis Are A Significant Long-term Reservoir for P. Cinnamomi Inoculum. To Test This, 36 Healthy B. Grandis Trees Were Inoculated in April 1999, and the Presence of Viable Propagules in Planta was Determined Between 2 and 34 Months After Tree Death. By 10 Months After Inoculation, 75% of the Trees Had Died, With the Remaining Seven Trees Dying by 22 Months. The Pathogen was More Commonly Recovered From Bark Than From Wood, Except From Those Trees that Died at 22 Months, and More Commonly From Above-ground Trunks Than Belowground Trunks and roots Until 8 Months After Plant Death. In Trees that Died 12 Months After Inoculation, P. Cinnamomi Was Recovered From 60% of Trunk and Root Core Samples at 3 Months, Declining to 33% at 10 Months, 5.5% at 12 Months and 0.1% at 34 Months After Tree Death. In Trees that Died at 22 Months, P. Cinnamomi Was Recovered From 87% of Trunk and Root Samples 2 Months After tree Death, Decreasing to 0.5% by 33 Months. This Study Suggests that the Pathogen Does Not Have A Saprotrophic Phase Within Dead B. Grandis Tissue, and B. Grandis is Unlikely to Be A Long- term Reservoir for P. Cinnamomi. However, the Manipulation of the Density of B. Grandis and the Use of Fire to Facilitate the Breakdown of Dead Banksia Trunks in the Eucalyptus Marginata (jarrah) Forest May Reduce the Spread and Impact of P. Cinnamomi. How to Locate: Contact G.hardy@murdoch.edu.au Author(s): Coleman, P. Title: Ball Lightning - "flying Fire" Source: Weather 67: 95-96 Year: 2012 Keywords: Lightning How to Locate: Contact Peter13857@hotmail.com Author(s): Connor, S. E., Van Leeuwen, J. F., Rittenour, T. M., Van Der Knaap, W. O., Ammann, B. And Bjorck, S. Title: the Ecological Impact of Oceanic Island Colonization - A Palaeoecological Perspective From the Azores Source: Journal of Biogeography, Available Online, January, 2012 Year: 2012 Keywords: Ecology Abstract: Human Colonization Had A Greater Impact on the Pristine Vegetation of Pico and Flores Than Climatic Changes and Volcanic Activity During Recent Millennia. The Similarity Between Post- colonization Changes on the Azores and Other Oceanic Islands Suggests A Consistent Pattern and Scale to Historical-era Human Impact on Otherwise Pristine Ecosystems. These Characteristics could Be Used to Further Elaborate Biogeographical Theory and Direct Conservation Efforts Towards Species that Appear Most Susceptible to Human Activity. How to Locate: Contact Sconnor@ualg.pt Author(s): Cook, G. D. Title: Fire Management and Minesite Rehabilitation in A Frequently Burnt Tropical Savanna Source: Austral Ecology, Available Online, April 2012 Year: 2012 Keywords: Rehabilitation Tropics Abstract: the Interactions Between Vegetation Dynamics, Fuel Dynamics and Fire 16
Current Titles in Wildland Fire, May 2012 Hazard in Rehabilitation After Bauxite Mining at Gove, Northern Territory, Australia Were Investigated. It was Found that A Policy of Fire Exclusion Had Led to Fuel Loads of the Oldest Rehabilitation Being Three to Four Times Greater Than Those of Frequently Burnt Adjoining Unmined Landscapes. consequently, the Potential Fire Intensities Are Beyond Those Experienced Elsewhere in the Region. Where Occasional Fires Have Occurred in the Rehabilitated Areas, the Proportion of Tree death Has Varied, With the Most Severe Cases Having 43% to 70% Mortality. In Rehabilitated Sites that Have Been Burnt, the Fuel Loads Are Lower. These Findings Indicate that the Fire Hazard in the Unburnt Rehabilitation is Extreme, but Because Not All Sites Had Substantial Tree Death, There is Potential to Manage Fuel Loads With Carefully Planned Fires. The Paradigm of Fire Exclusion during the Rehabilitation Process is Based on A Long-debunked Forestry Management Paradigm Which Was Applied to Some Australian Savanna Landscapes and Needs to Be Overturned to facilitate Integration of the Rehabilitation Into the Broader Frequently Burnt Landscape. How to Locate: Contact Garry.cook@csiro.au Author(s): Costa, M. C. G. Title: Soil and Crop Responses to Lime and Fertilizers in A Fire-free Land Use System for Smallholdings in the Northern Brazilian Amazon Source: Soil and Tillage Research 121: 27-37 Year: 2012 Keywords: Soils Ecology Tropics Abstract: the Purpose of This Study Was to Investigate the Effects of Lime and Fertilizers in A Fire-free System for Land Clearing. Four Replications of the Split-plot experimental Design Were Used, and Two Treatments Were Chosen for the Main Plot: Lime (1 T Ha-1) or No Lime. Fertilizer Levels Zero (1), Low (2), and High (3) Were evaluated in the Subplots Over A Period of Three Years. In 2006 and 2008 Treatments Were Evaluated While Using Corn (zea Mays L.) Intercropped With Rice (oriza Sativa); the Evaluations of 2007 Were Carried Out While Cropping Cowpea (vigna Unguiculata L.). In Plots Without Lime on Which Fertilizer Level 3 Was Applied, the Soil Ph Decreased by 0.4 and 0.8 in 2006 and 2007, Respectively. The Effects of the Fertilizer Levels Reducing the Soil Ph Were Observed in 2007 (plots Without lime) and in 2008 (plots With or Without Lime). Organic Soil Matter Increased With Liming and Fertilizer Level 3. Soil Calcium and Magnesium Increased With Liming and Fertilization, While Available Phosphorus Increased Only With Fertilizer Level 3. Lime and Fertilization Increased the Nutrient Content in Plant Tissue, However It Did not Lead to An Equilibrium of Nutritional Status. The Increase of Corn and Rice Yields Was Related to the Fertilizer Levels Rather Than to Liming, but the Cowpea yield Was Responsive to Both Liming and Fertilizers. The Most Positive Financial Balance Was Observed to With Fertilizer Level 2 (without Liming) After Three Years; however, the Difference Between Level 2, With or Without Liming, Was Small. Fertilization Without Liming is An Option for the First Year of A Fire-free System for land Clearing, Assuming Corn is Intercropped With Rice. Lime Application From the Second Year on is Important to Allow Better Yields of Subsequent Crops and to Avoid Soil Acidification by Inorganic Fertilizers. How to Locate: Contact Mirian.costa@ufc.br Author(s): Dargan, Kate Title: Incident Geeks Wanted - Situational Awareness Tech Tools Help Commanders Develop A Common Operational Picture 17
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