Current Titles in Wildland Fire, May 2012 - Association for Fire Ecology

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Current Titles in Wildland Fire, May 2012 Establishment. Once Established, picea Abies Created Local Conditions that in Combination With A Colder and Wetter Climate Prevented Fire and the Establishment of Other Tree Species. How to Locate: Contact Greger.hornberg@arjeplog.se Author(s): Howe, Henry F. Title: Fire Season and Prairie Forb Richness in A 21-y Experiment Source: Ecoscience 18(4): 317-328 Year: 2011 Keywords: Ecology Grasslans How to Locate: Download With Google How to Locate: Fire Research Institute, Pdf Number 81327 Author(s): Howard, Km, Antrobus, J, Clemann, N Title: A Tale of Two Mountains: Fire, Fungus and Alpine Tree Frogs Source: the Victorian Naturalist 128(6): 260-265 Year: 2011 Abstract: the Victorian Fires in February 2009 Burnt Habitat Once Occupied by the Nationally Threatened Alpine Tree Frog Litoria Verreauxii Alpina. During November 2009 Day and Night Frog Surveys Were Conducted at Lake Mountain and Nearby Mount Bullfight Nature Conservation Reserve. Despite Historical Records, Alpine tree Frogs Were Not Recorded at Lake Mountain, but Were Discovered at Mount Bullfight Which Was Surveyed for Frogs for the First Time. The Apparent Absence of alpine Tree Frogs From Lake Mountain Pre-dates the Fire According to Prior Observations of Decline and Probable Disappearance. The Persistence of the subspecies on Mount Bullfight May Be Related to This Site's Remoteness and Resultant Lack of Exposure to Amphibian Chytrid Fungus. We Detected the Fungus at Lake Mountain but Not at Mount Bullfight. Preventing the Introduction of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus to Mount Bullfight is Likely to Be Crucial in Retaining Its Current Frog Diversity. How to Locate: Contact Research.ari@dse.vic.gov.au Author(s): Huffman, David W., Joseph E. Crouse, W. Walker Chancellor and Peter Z. Fule Title: Influence of Time Since Fire on Pinyon-juniper Woodland Structure Source: Forest Ecology and Management 274: 29-37 Year: 2012 Keywords: History Ecology Abstract: Although Development of Pinyon-juniper Woodlands is Understood to Require Decades After Stand-replacing Fire, Data Describing Relationships Between Many Key Structural Elements and time Since Fire (tsf) Are Lacking. In This Study, We Sampled Live Trees, Seedlings, Shrubs, Snags, and Downed Logs on 13 Sites that Together Comprised A 370- year Fire Chronosequence. We analyzed Individual Relationships Between Structural Attributes and Tsf. We Also Developed An Additive Index of Structural Complexity and Analyzed Its Relationship With Tsf. Live Juniper and total Tree Density Were Positively and Linearly Related to Tsf (r2 = 0.76 and 0.49, Respectively). Pinyon Tree Density and Tsf Were Not Significantly Related. No Live Trees (1.37 M Height) Were found on Sites Burned Less Than 30 Years Before Sampling, Although Seedlings Were Found as Early as 6 Years Tsf. Live Pinyon Tree Biomass, Live Juniper Biomass, and Total Tree Biomass followed "s-shaped" Functions (4-parameter Weibull; R2 = 0.32, 0.62, and 0.96, Respectively), With Total Biomass Maximizing at 65 Mg Ha-1 Around 250 Years Since Fire. Seedling Densities and shrub Cover Were Not Significantly Related to Tsf. Juniper Snag Density Showed A Significant Negative Relationship With Tsf (r2 = 0.54) and Total Snag Density Followed A "u-shaped" Function depending on Tsf (2nd-order Polynomial; R2 = 0.47). Pinyon Snag Density and Tsf Were Not 36
Current Titles in Wildland Fire, May 2012 Significantly Related. Density of Rotten Logs Was Positively and Linearly Related to Tsf (r2 = 0.46) whereas Sound Logs and Tsf Were Not Statistically Related. Structural Complexity Showed A Positive Linear Relationship With Tsf (r2 = 0.46). These Results Indicate that Although Individual structural Elements Show Various Relationships With Tsf, Structural Complexity Increases as Sites Approach Persistent Woodland Conditions. Findings From This Study Provide Resource professionals With Information that Can Help in Developing and Assessing Management Approaches Intended to Emulate Natural Structural Patterns. How to Locate: Contact David.huffman@nau.edu Author(s): Ibanez, T., Borgniet, L., Mangeas, M., Gaucherel, C., Geraux, H. And Hely, C. Title: Rainforest and Savanna Landscape Dynamics in New Caledonia: Towards A Mosaic of Stable Rainforest and Savanna States Source: Austral Ecology, Available Online, March, 2012 Year: 2012 Keywords: Tropics Grasslands Ecology Abstract: Stable Forested Environments Can Be Converted to Savanna in Response to Changes in Environmental Disturbances. New Caledonia is A Biodiversity Hotspot; Significant Ecological and economic Resources Would Be Lost If Forests Were Turned Into Savanna by Anthropogenic Environmental Changes. On the Landscape Scale, Systems that Have Undergone Shifts of This Kind are Characterized by Sharp Forest-savanna Boundaries and Mosaic-like Distributions of Savanna and Forest. Understanding the Locations and the Dynamics of Such Boundaries is A Challenge for ecologists and is Critical for Landscape Management and Biodiversity Conservation. Using A Time Series of Aerial Photographs (1955- 2000) and A Forest Habitat Suitability Map, We Tested the hypothesis that Topography and Spatial Processes, Especially Those Relating to Fire Spread and Seed Dispersal, Are the Main Determinants of the Spatial Distribution of Rainforest and Savanna in A New Caledonian Landscape Covering 24 Km2. Within the Studied Landscape, the Overall Forest Coverage Decreased by 24% Between 1976 and 2000. This Was Primarily Due to the contraction of Forests on West-facing Slopes, Which Accounted for About 90% of the Total Loss. Conversely, the East-facing Forests Seemed to Have Contracted Extensively Prior to the Studied period, and Were Confined to Refuges. A Habitat Suitability Index Calculated From the Landscape's Topographical Features Using Generalized Additive Models Accurately Predicted Both the Presence of Forests and the Probability of Forest Expansion/contraction. We Also Provide Evidence that Spatial Processes Such as Fire Spread and Seed Dispersal Limit the Expansion and contraction of Forests. Our Results Suggest that Rainforests on West-facing Slopes in New Caledonia Will Be Progressively Destroyed by Fire Until They Are Restricted to Refuges Along thalwegs and Creeks, as Appears to Have Already Happened for Their East-facing Counterparts. How to Locate: Contact Ibanez@cerege.fr Author(s): Iriarte, Jose, Mitchell J. Power, Stephen Rostain, Francis E. Mayle, Huw Jones, Jennifer Watling, Bronwen S. Whitney and Doyle B. Mckey Title: Fire-free Land Use in Pre-1492 Amazonian Savannas Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Published Online, April 9, 2012 Year: 2012 Keywords: History Ecology Tropics Abstract: the Nature and Scale of Precolumbian Land Use and the Consequences of the 1492 "columbian Encounter" (ce) on Amazonia Are Among the More Debated Topics in New world Archaeology and Paleoecology. 37
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Current Titles in Wildland Fire, May 2012 - Association for Fire Ecology

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