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Table 2. Tree im~rovement activities of Social Broadleaves in Ukraine ~ ~ ---- Progeny tests Provenance tests Species and Seed stands Plus trees Clonal Clonal seed Seedling seed No. of No. of natural zone {ha} (no.} archives {ha} orchard {ha} orchard (ha} Area {ha} ~rogenies Area {ha} ~rogenies Quercus robur Mixed Forest 330.3 294 11.0 76.9 15.0 1.5 52 0.0 0 Forest -Steppe 1224.7 459 18.2 382.0 35.2 27.1 634 47.4 215 Steppe 30.3 323 5.6 28.6 10.0 3.5 119 9.5 60 Carpathians 3.3 138 0.0 5.3 0.0 0.0 0 12.4 48 Total 1588.6 1214 34.8 492.8 60.2 32.1 805 69.3 323 Quercus petraea Mixed Forest 27.0 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Forest-Steppe 0.0 35 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Steppe 2.6 1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Carpathians 0.6 59 0.0 1.2 0.0 1.0 14 0.0 0 Crimea 0.0 99 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 120 0.0 0 Total 30.2 198 0.6 1.2 0.0 6.4 134 0.0 0 Fagus sy/vatica Mixed Forest 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Forest-Steppe 87.6 134 0.0 2.0 16.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Carpathians 52.2 41 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0 1.2 45 Crimea 0.0 12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Total 139.8 187 0.0 3.2 16.0 0.0 0 1.2 45
18 EUF;eBGEN: SeGIAUl BBeAI1)UlEA~ES Institutions involved in genetic resources activities in Ukraine The Ukrainian Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration (Kharkiv) is the leading research institution working on the conservation of forest genetic resources in Ukraine. This Institute has a network of Research Stations covering the whole country. The regional Ukrainian Research Institute of Mountain Forestry (URIMF, Ivano-Frankivsk) was created on the basis of the Institute's Carpathian branch in 1993. In the Carpathians, related investigations are also carried out by the Ukrainian State University of Forestry and Wood Technology (Lviv). Summary of country capacities and priorities The forests of Ukraine have a valuable genepool of Social Broadleaves which needs to be studied, conserved and reproduced. The best-performing natural stands were selected and a network of clonal archives, seed orchards, provenance and progeny tests established in previous years. On the other hand, the activity of the mentioned institutions in the field of conservation of genetic resources is considerably limited by the lack of funds. Since in the past more emphasis was placed on the conservation and study of plus trees, now it is necessary to focus on study and conservation of the most valuable populations. The majority of gene reserves was selected in the early 1980s; thus it needs repeated inventory with biochemical, cytological and molecular genetic methods. Unfortunately, the lack of financial support resulted in a decrease in research activities and in the impossibility of applying modern methods requiring expensive equipment. Needs for international collaboration Undoubtedly the mentioned institutions need international collaboration related to the conservation of genetic resources. In addition to exchange of information and participation in meetings, the scientific potential of Ukraine should be drawn upon and utilized within the framework of European programmes and projects. The following measures are needed for the consolidation of international cooperation: • exchange of databases • exchange of information on research activities and legislation • exchange of reproductive material • establishment of an international network of provenance tests and altitudinalecological studies • establishment of an international network for the monitoring of genetic resources • development of fellowship programmes in the field of molecular genetics. Bibliography Anonymous. 1993. Law on Natural Reserves of Ukraine [in Ukrainian]. Oykumena [Ukrainian Ecological Review] 3:80-108. Bazyuk, O.F. and L.W. Fedyaj. 1995. P. 1 in In vitro propagation of Fagus sylvatica. Abstracts of 6th IUFRO Beech Symposium, Lviv, October 1995. Ghensiruk, S.A. 1992. The forests of Ukraine [in Ukrainian]. Naukova dumka, Kyiv. Gomory, D., I. Shvadchak, L. Paule and J. Vysny. 1998a. Geneticheskoye raznoobrazie i differentsiatsiya populyatoy buka na Krymu [Genetic diversity and differentiation of beech populations in the Crimea]. Genetica (Moscow) 34(1):75-82. Gomory, D., L Shvadchak, L. Paule, J. Vysny and B. Comps. 1998b. Genetic diversity and differentiation of beech populations in Ukraine and adjacent regions. In Genetics, Ecology and Silviculture of Beech (L. Paule, L Shvadchak and D. Gomory, eds.). Arbora Publishers, Zvolen (in press). Kyrychenko, O.L, G.D. Chernyavska and LM. Shvadchak. 1995. Tsytologichni aspecty vyvchenya buka na Ukrajini [Cytological aspects of beech study in Ukraine]. 6th IUFRO Beech Symposium, Lviv, October 1995.
Page 2 and 3: EUROPEAN FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES P
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS iii Contents Introduction
Page 6 and 7: INwR0Duewl0N 1 Intr0dueti0n The fir
Page 8 and 9: , ' WGRKRL.1AN 3 WGrkplan Country r
Page 10 and 11: · €eUNmR¥ REeeRf'nS 5 Country R
Page 12 and 13: COUNmR'V RERORmS 7; Species Quercus
Page 14 and 15: ~ G()UN1FRM REP()R1FS 9 Conservatio
Page 16 and 17: · GOI.JNmR¥ REBORmS 11 Present st
Page 18 and 19: , GOUNlllRM REPORlllS 13 Conservati
Page 20 and 21: ~ G0UNmB¥ BER0BmS 15 Current genet
Page 24 and 25: · G0l:JNmRM REB0RmS ~ 9 Meshkova,
Page 26 and 27: Sessile oak Three small species bel
Page 28 and 29: eGUNliR¥ REeGRliS 23 The causes of
Page 30 and 31: GOUNTR¥ REPORTS 25 N umber of flow
Page 32 and 33: . 0eUNillRM REReRillS 2T/; 80000~--
Page 34 and 35: €GUNmS¥ SEPGSmS 29 Conservation
Page 36 and 37: " COUNTRY REPORTS 31 Conservation a
Page 38 and 39: , GOI.JNTB¥ RERORmS 33 Acknowledge
Page 40 and 41: ,. COUNmR¥ REBORmS 35 Fig. 1. Natu
Page 42 and 43: COUNiliR¥ REBORiliS 3'7: iliable 2
Page 44 and 45: - G0llJNmBM BEB0SmS 39 Current gene
Page 46 and 47: e0UNTR¥ REF!0RTS 41 Conservation o
Page 48 and 49: . CQUNlTS¥ REPQRlTS 43 Gene conser
Page 50 and 51: Conservation of Social Broadleaves
Page 52 and 53: COUNTRY REPORTS 47 M. 1500 1000 500
Page 54 and 55: 00l:JNlliB¥ BER0BlliS 49 lliable 2
Page 56 and 57: , COUNTRY REPORTS 51 Current geneti
Page 58 and 59: G0l:JNmRM RER0RmS 53 Institutions i
Page 60 and 61: COUNTRY REPORTS 55 Fagus sylvatica,
Page 62 and 63: genetic characteristics (mean expec
Page 64 and 65: COUNTRY REPORTS 59 Institutions inv
Page 66 and 67: Table 3. Seed availability (kg) for
Page 68 and 69: COUNTRY REPORTS 63 Paule, L. 1995.
Page 70 and 71: ~ G0UNmB¥ BER0BmS 65 Table 2. Prop
Page 72 and 73:
. COUNTRY REPORTS 67" theses (Mavsa
Page 74 and 75:
• natural regeneration is support
Page 76 and 77:
o COUNTRY REPORTS 71 Table 9. Beech
Page 78 and 79:
Acknowledgements We would like to t
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COUNTRY REPORTS 75 Oak genetic reso
Page 82 and 83:
- e()UNl11RM REB()Rl11S "ltl Manage
Page 84 and 85:
, , e0UNTR¥ REP0RTS 79 Table 2. Re
Page 86 and 87:
COUNTRY REPORTS 81 Table 5. Origins
Page 88 and 89:
· . COUNTRY REPORTS 83 be proposed
Page 90 and 91:
eGUNiliR¥ REPGRiliS 85 CEMAGREF. 1
Page 92 and 93:
COUNTRY REPORTS 87 Many even-aged h
Page 94 and 95:
C()UNTR¥ RER()RTS 89 Table 1. Impo
Page 96 and 97:
COUNTRY REPORTS 91 A new database d
Page 98 and 99:
G0UNmRY RER0RmS 93 Conservation ex
Page 100 and 101:
COUNTR¥ REPORTS 95 Institutions in
Page 102 and 103:
COUNTRY REPORTS 97 Activities conce
Page 104 and 105:
· COUNTRY REPORTS 99 Quercus robur
Page 106 and 107:
COUNTRY RERORTS 103 The species Bee
Page 108 and 109:
GeUNmR¥ REBeRmS 105 During recent
Page 110 and 111:
CC>UN!I"RY REPC>R!I"S 10'7' Very re
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COUNTR¥ REPORTS 109 ha 2500 2000 1
Page 114 and 115:
COUNTRY REPORTS 111 Miiller-Starck,
Page 116 and 117:
CGUNmRM REPGRmS 113 In contrast to
Page 118 and 119:
, COUNTRY REPORTS 115 Tree improvem
Page 120 and 121:
Genetic resources and conservation
Page 122 and 123:
COUNTRY REPORTS 119 .c. " 1 ~/ numb
Page 124 and 125:
· GOUNmR¥ REPORmS ~2~ Oak and bee
Page 126 and 127:
COUNTRY REPORTS 123 Fig. 3. Age str
Page 128 and 129:
COUNTRY REPORTS 125 Research activi
Page 130 and 131:
COUNTRY REPORTS 127 Genetic resourc
Page 132 and 133:
COUNTRY'REPORTS 129 prevents the ac
Page 134 and 135:
COUNTRY REPORTS 131 Social Broadlea
Page 136 and 137:
OVERVIEW PRESENTATIONS 133 Overview
Page 138 and 139:
OVERVIEW PRESENTATIONS 135 Geograph
Page 140 and 141:
G"ER"IEW PRESENlTAlTlGNS ~ 137 1987
Page 142 and 143:
OVERVIEW PRESENTATIONS 139 Fig. 2.
Page 144 and 145:
OVERVIEW RRESENTATIONS 141 correlat
Page 146 and 147:
OVERVIEW PRESENTATIONS 143 threat f
Page 148 and 149:
OVERVIEW PRESENTATIONS 145 Oak decl
Page 150 and 151:
OVERVIEW PRESENTATIONS 147 • The
Page 152 and 153:
Year Oak species Drought Defoliatio
Page 154 and 155:
Defoliation by Year Oak species Dro
Page 156 and 157:
BXlERXlIEW BRESENrIlArIllBNS 153 Ph
Page 158 and 159:
OVERVIEW PRESENTATIONS 155 Genetic
Page 160 and 161:
OVERVIEW PRESENTATIONS 157 Balkan b
Page 162 and 163:
0VERVIEW PRESENTATI0NS 159 DNA anal
Page 164 and 165:
OVERVIEW PRESENTATIONS 161 Gomory,
Page 166 and 167:
OVERVIEW PRESENTATIONS 163 Resource
Page 168 and 169:
OVERVIEW PRESENTATIONS 16'7 Seed co
Page 170 and 171:
OVERVIEW PRESENTATIONS 169 The time
Page 172 and 173:
OllERlllEW PRESENTA.TIONS 1'71 requ
Page 174 and 175:
PROGRAMME 173 Programme 22 and 23 O
Page 176 and 177:
PARTICIPANTS 175 Mr Edgars Smaukste
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