Study Report - Women Victims of Crimes in Kerala - Kerala Police

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terms, we can say that ‘crime against women’ refers to direct or indirect physical or mental cruelty committed against women or an action or omission on women that constitutes an offence that may be prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law. There are many types of violence against women but the most common ones are eveteasing, molestation, bigamy, fraudulent marriage, adultery and enticement of married women, abduction and kidnapping, rape, harassment of women at work place, wife beating, dowry death, female child abuse, abuse of elderly female etc. Cheating is another crime which is widespread among crimes against women. But cheating is not mentioned as a crime in legal documents and therefore goes unnoticed many times.. Women are cheated much more easily than men. Crimes against women are not visible always. In many cases, crimes are not reported for various reasons like status of the families, fear of registering the case, fear of going to the police stations and fear of losing the ‘honour’ of women victims. When we analyse crime against women, we can see that most of the crimes committed against women are committed by people known to the victims. World Health Organisation, in 2007, reports that women are more likely to be victimized by someone who they are intimate with, commonly called "Intimate Partner Violence"(IPV). Studies have shown that violence is not always perpetrated as physical violence but can also be psychological and verbal. 5 News paper reports supports this argument as well by reporting studies that state that 80% of the crime on women are committed by known people. Domestic violence comes under this category. It is understood that even sexual assaults are largely committed by known people. Global statistics on crime against women give an alarming picture. According to UN reports, in a scaled down world of 1000 people, only 500 are women, whereas it would have been 510 had 10 been born and not subjected to gender-selective abortion or faced death in infancy due to neglect. Among them 300 are Asian women. Statistics show that 167 of the women would be beaten up or in some other way exposed to violence during their lifetime and at least 100 women would be victims of rape or attempted rape in their lifetime. 4
60 million girls who are otherwise expected to be alive are "missing" from various populations as a result of sex-selective abortions or inadequate care as they are seen less important than boys (E, Joni Seager, 2003) 6 . As mentioned earlier, violence in the family is universal and takes different forms - from physical aggression, such as slapping, hitting, kicking and beating to psychological abuse, such as intimidation, constant belittling and humiliation, including various controlling behaviours, such as isolating a person from their family and friends, monitoring and restricting their movements, and restricting access to information or assistance. At least one in every three women, or up to one billion women, have been beaten up, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in their lifetimes. Usually, the abuser is a member of her own family or someone known to her (L Heise, M Ellsberg, M Gottemoeller, 1999) 7 . Rape is the most violent form of sexual violence. Rape is also associated with unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. However, rape is greatly under reported because of the stigma attached to it, and even more rarely is it punished and there is evidence that one in five women will be a victim of rape or attempted rape in her lifetime (WHO 1997). Women are suffer during periods of conflict since rape is seen as a wide spread phenomenon during this time. Violence against women during conflict has reached epidemic proportions. Mass rape is frequently used systematically, as a weapon of war. On top of this, during conflict women are physically and economically forced to do sex work, sometimes in order to secure the basic necessities for their families. Women and children are also the majority of refugees and internally displaced persons. 80% of the refugees are women and children (UNHCR, 2001). Many of the cultural practices around the world make women vulnerable and among them, female genital mutilation (FGM) continues to be one of the widely prevalent act of violence. More than 135 million girls and women have undergone female genital mutilation and an additional two million girls and women are at risk each year (6,000 every day) (UN, 2002). FGM is practised in more than 28 countries in Africa (Amnesty International, 1997). In Niger, 76% of the poorest young women marry before the age of 18 (UNFPA 2003). 97% of married women in Egypt, aged 15 to 49, have undergone female genital mutilation (WHO survey, 1996). In Iran, 45 women under the age of 20 have been murdered in so-called 5
Page 1 and 2: Women Victims of Crimes in Kerala 2
Page 3 and 4: C FOREWORD rimes against women are
Page 5 and 6: T Preface he position of women in I
Page 7 and 8: 44 Victims awareness about the exis
Page 9 and 10: lower socioeconomic background, as
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER I CRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN KE
Page 13: Crimes against women vary in nature
Page 17 and 18: Violence can affect woman's reprodu
Page 19 and 20: Police records in India show a high
Page 21 and 22: Molestation is a sexual crime commi
Page 23 and 24: areas, is more than three times as
Page 25 and 26: Sl. No Districts CRIMES AGAINST WOM
Page 27 and 28: head ‘cruelty by husbands and rel
Page 29 and 30: Part A CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
Page 31 and 32: The Centre for Diseases Control in
Page 33 and 34: knowingly placing or attempting to
Page 35 and 36: need of protection. (Planning Commi
Page 37 and 38: public soliciting have primarily be
Page 39 and 40: physical acts such as following a w
Page 41 and 42: suicides, alcohol and drug abuse, s
Page 43 and 44: material to provide support to vict
Page 45 and 46: defend their rights. But they do no
Page 47 and 48: to violence against women; engage w
Page 49 and 50: characteristics. Logistic regressio
Page 51 and 52: and/or sexual orientation) work to
Page 53 and 54: in their married life. About 44 per
Page 55 and 56: married women by the husband and in
Page 57 and 58: at the time of marriage, the demand
Page 59 and 60: Nair, P.M & Sankar Sen (2003) in th
Page 61 and 62: state, so that a cross section of t
Page 63 and 64: General public simply mean any pers
Page 65 and 66:
Countries Islands Region: A literat
Page 67 and 68:
The public and the social workers k
Page 69 and 70:
to 30 years followed by the categor
Page 71 and 72:
TABLE 6: CASTE BACKGROUND OF THE VI
Page 73 and 74:
looked upon when one studies the do
Page 75:
TABLE 10: OCCUPATIONAL BACKGROUND O
Page 78 and 79:
women suffer from domestic violence
Page 80 and 81:
incident as she was tied up while t
Page 82 and 83:
areas. Eve teasing cannot be curbed
Page 84 and 85:
Though the cases registered are onl
Page 86 and 87:
TABLE 20: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRIM
Page 88 and 89:
On the other hand, a positive corre
Page 90 and 91:
10. Women are not aware of their po
Page 92 and 93:
TABLE 26: RESPONDENTS’ VIEWS ON F
Page 94 and 95:
TABLE 29: WHETHER THE GENERAL PUBLI
Page 96 and 97:
filed the case and two boys were im
Page 98 and 99:
TABLE 33: VICTIMS’ AWARENESS ABOU
Page 100 and 101:
Informing the police seems to be ea
Page 102 and 103:
TABLE 39: SOURCES OF PHYSICAL PROTE
Page 104 and 105:
TABLE 43. VICTIMS’ AWARENESS ABOU
Page 106 and 107:
are not aware of the existence of K
Page 108 and 109:
victim is undergoing mental agony a
Page 110 and 111:
counseling much more than women, in
Page 112 and 113:
household. Regarding eve teasing, t
Page 114 and 115:
TABLE 52: DENAIL OF FREEDOM FOR THE
Page 116 and 117:
TABLE 54: DENIAL OF FREEDOM, NOT PE
Page 118 and 119:
TABLE 58: DENIAL OF FREEDOM NOT PER
Page 120 and 121:
Age TABLE 61: EMPLOYMENT AT THE TIM
Page 122 and 123:
TABLE 65: THE FEELING OF VICTIMS RE
Page 124 and 125:
TABLE 68: CHANGING STATUS OF THE VI
Page 126 and 127:
awareness regarding such systems ha
Page 128 and 129:
Kerala, one of the highly developed
Page 130 and 131:
the fact as majority of the middle
Page 132 and 133:
‐ Beating and abusing the childre
Page 134 and 135:
• Pressure of nuclear families su
Page 136 and 137:
• Women are reluctant to go to th
Page 138 and 139:
• The denial of freedom was expre
Page 140 and 141:
• The institutions and organisati
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Study Report - Women Victims of Crimes in Kerala - Kerala Police

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