habitat suitability index models: eastern wild turkey - USGS National ...

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SOURCES OF OTHER MODELS Williamson and Koeln (1980) developed a linear additive model to define areas of different habitat suitability for wild turkeys in forested areas of Virginia. Seven habitat factors are used in the model, with each factor given a value depending on its condition, and also given a relative weighting factor in comparison to other factors. The value of a particular forest stand is equal to the sum of all habitat factors. The seven habitat factors are: mast species diversity; proximity to permanent water; proximity to forest openings; mast availability; competition; forest contiguity; and proximity to roost si tes. Armbruster and Lewis (1980) developed an additive habitat model for eastern wild turkeys in central Missouri. The model assesses various habitat characteristics in bottomland hardwoods, upland hardwoods, old fields, pastures and hayl ands, and croplands, and determi nes a numerica 1 value for each of these cover types. The model does not provide a method to determine a single value for a composite of several different cover types. Habitat characteristics in this model include: tree species; number of food plant species; habitat edge; grazing pressure; tree size class and canopy closure; nesting cover; crop practices; and distances between cover types. REFERENCES Anderson, R. J., and D. E. Samuel. mines as wild turkey brood range. 1980. Evaluation of reclaimed surface Proc. Wild Turkey Symp. 4:186-202. Armbruster, M. J., and J. B. Lewis. 1980. Eastern wild turkey. Pages 27-41 in T. S. Baskett, D. A. Darrow, D. L. Hallett, M. J. Armbruster, J. A. Ellis, B. F. Sparrowe, and P. A. Korte. A handbook for terrestrial habitat evaluation in central Missouri. U.S. Fish Wildl. Servo Res. Publ. 133. Bailey, R. W. 1980. The wild turkey status and outlook in 1979. Proc. Wild Turkey Symp. 4:1-9. Bailey, R. W., and K. T. Rinnell. 1968. History and management of the wild turkey in West Virginia. West Virginia Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Game Fish Bull. 6. 59 pp. Bailey, R. W., J. R. Davis, J. E. Frampton, J. V. Gwynn, and J. Shugars. 1981. Habitat requirements of the wild turkey in the southeast Piedmont. Pages 14-23 in P. T. Bromley and R. L. Carlton, eds. Proc. of the Symp.: Habi tat Requi rements and Habi tat Management for the Wild Turkey in the Southeast, Richmond, Virginia. Barwick, L. H., and D. W. Speake. 1973. Seasonal movements and activities of wild turkey gobblers in Alabama. Pages 125-133 in G. C. Sanderson and H. C. Schultz, eds. Wild turkey management, current problems and programs. Missouri Chapt. Wildl. Soc. and Univ. Missouri Press, Columbia. 28
Blackburn, W. E., J. P. Kirk, and J. E. Kennamer. 1975. Availability and utilization of summer foods by eastern wild turkey broods in Lee County, Alabama. Proc. Wild Turkey Symp. 3:86-107. Bortner, J. B., and J. W. Bennett. 1980. Observations of wild turkey winter range at Snake Mountain, Vermont. Trans. Northeastern Sect. Wildl. Soc. 37:243-248. Christisen, D. M., and L. J. Korschgen. 1955. Acorn yields and wildlife usage in Missouri. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 20:337-357. Dalke, P. D., W. K. Clark, Jr., and L. J. Korschgen. 1942. Food habit trends of the wild turkey in Missouri as determined by dropping analysis. J. Wildl. Manage. 6(3):237-243. Davis, J. R. 1976. Management for Alabama wild turkeys. Alabama Dept. Conserv. Spec. Rep. 5. 130 pp. Dickson, J. G., C. D. Adams, and S. H. Hanley. ~978. Response of turkey populations to habitat variables in Louisiana. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 6(3):163-166. Eaton, S. W., F. M. Evans, J. W. Glidden, and B. D. Penrod. 1976. Annual range of wil d turkeys in southwestern New York. New York Fi sh Game J. 23(1):20-33. Eichholz, N. F., and R. L. Marchinton. 1976. Dispersal and adjustment to habitat of restocked wild turkeys in Georgia. Proc. Southeastern Assoc. Game Fish Commissioners 29:373-378. Ellis, J. E., and J. B. Lewis. 1967. Mobility and annual range of wild turkeys in Missouri. J. Wildl. Manage. 31(3):568-581. Everett, D. D., Jr. 1982. Factors limiting populations of wild turkeys on state wildlife management areas in north Alabama. Ph.D. Diss., Auburn Univ., Alabama. 135 pp. Frederick, R. B., E. E. Klaas, G. A. Baldassarre, and K. E. Reinecke. 1984. A method for sampling waste corn. J. Wildl. Manage. 48(1):298-303. Gingrich, S. F. 1971. Stocking, growth, and yield of oak stands. Proc. Oak Symp. 1:65-73. Glover, F. A. 1948. Winter activities of wild turkey in West Virginia. J. Wildl. Manage. 12(4):416-427. Glover, F. A., and R. W. Bailey. 1949. Wild turkey foods in West Virginia. J. Wildl. Manage. 13(3):255-265. Goodrum, P. D., V. H. Reid, and C. E. Boyd. 1971. Acorn yields, characteristics, and management criteria of oaks for wildlife. J. Wildl. Manage. 35(3):520-532. 29
Page 1 and 2: BIOLOGICAL REPORT 82(10.106) AUGUST
Page 3 and 4: MODEL EVALUATION FORM Habitat model
Page 5 and 6: Biological Report 82(10.106) August
Page 7: PREFACE This document is part of th
Page 10 and 11: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS William M. Healy, G
Page 12 and 13: (Christisen and Korschgen 1955). Ma
Page 14 and 15: or depressions in the ground (Korsc
Page 16 and 17: Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis),
Page 18 and 19: Iowa has reintroduced turkeys into
Page 20 and 21: Cover types. This model was develop
Page 22 and 23: ..--l Fig. 1a 1.0 1.0 ::::- ::::- .
Page 24 and 25: The amount of acorn mast produced i
Page 26 and 27: Fig. 3a Fig. 3b 1.0 1.0 \D r-, :::-
Page 28 and 29: in the fall, but plowed in the spri
Page 30 and 31: Figure 5. The relationships between
Page 32 and 33: 0.2 a Fig. 6a 1. a -+---...........
Page 34 and 35: Habitat variable Li fe regu isite C
Page 36 and 37: Variable (definition) Percent canop
Page 40 and 41: Hamrick, W. J., and J. R. Davis. 19
Page 42 and 43: Pack. J. C., R. P. Burkert. W. K. I
Page 44 and 45: 502n·101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION 11.
Page 46: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR u.s. FIS

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