Book of abstracts - British Neuroscience Association

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19.03 Effects of early adversity on hemispheric functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex (1, 3)Stevenson C W, (2) Halliday D M, (3) Marsden C A, (3) Mason R (1) Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, (2) Department of Electronics, University of York, (3) School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Early adversity increases the predisposition to develop mental illness. Maternal separation (MS) models the enhanced behavioural and neuroendocrine stress responses caused by early adversity. These alterations may involve functional changes in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a region which modulates various stress responses. Moreover, hemispheric specialisation may play a role in mPFC function, such that the right hemisphere is preferentially involved in mediating adaptive coping responses to stress. In the present study, mPFC activity was examined in left and right hemispheres of adult male Lister hooded rats subjected to MS (6 hrs/day on postnatal days 2-14), handling (H; 15 min/day) or animal facility rearing (AFR) as pups. In vivo electrophysiology was used to record neuronal activity under basal conditions and in response to FG-7142, a benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist which mimics behavioural and neuroendocrine stress responses. Basal activity was attenuated by MS compared to H and AFR, an effect which was lateralised to the right hemisphere. Moreover, increased activity induced by FG-7142 was lateralised to different hemispheres in the early rearing groups. FG-7142 increased left hemisphere activity in AFR and MS animals (AFR>MS). Conversely, FG-7142 increased right hemisphere activity in H animals. Thus, MS induces a lateralised deficit in mPFC function which may model certain cognitive and affective disturbances observed in psychiatric disorders associated with early adversity. The effects of FG-7142 reported in H animals also add to evidence suggesting increased resilience to the effects of stress in this group. Supported by a Marie Curie Fellowship from the EU. 19.04 Basolateral amygdala aminergic transmission as a target of atypical antipsychotic drug action Glennon J C, Lewis L, Van der Kooij M A, Kleefstra A J, Tros R, Leguit, N, Hamelink, R, McCreary, AC, Kruse, CK 1) Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland. 2) Solvay Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Weesp, 1381CP, The Netherlands. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is part of a mesolimbic dopaminergic (DA) circuit which may be hyperactive in psychosis. Changes in BLA DA and noradrenaline (NA) transmission remain unstudied in animal models of psychosis which encompass emotional and cognitive disturbance. Here, the effect of the psychomimetic phencyclidine (PCP) alone and together with the antipsychotics aripiprazole (ARI), clozapine (CLO) and haloperidol (HAL), the partial D2 receptor agonist (-)-3PPP and the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT were examined on BLA dialysate DA and NA levels. Administration of PCP is associated with large sustained increases in dialysate BLA DA and NA levels. Co-administration of ARI with PCP reversed the PCP-induced increase in BLA dialysate DA and NA levels. In contrast, co-administration with CLO or HAL with PCP failed to do this. Interestingly, co-administration of (-)-3PPP with PCP could reverse the PCP-mediated increase in NA but not DA levels while co-administration of 8-OH-DPAT with PCP could antagonise both the PCP mediated increase in BLA DA and NA dialysate levels. Taken together, the data suggests that BLA DA levels are elevated by PCP consistent with the DA hypothesis of schizophrenia and the ability of ARI to reverse the PCP-induced increase in BLA DA and NA may be 5-HT1A receptor mediated. The significance of the PCP mediated increase in BLA NA levels and their reversal by both (-)- 3PPP and 8-OH-DPAT is deserving of further investigation but suggests that both D2 partial and 5-HT1A agonists can regulate BLA NAergic tone which may underlie emotion-related memory consolidation. 19.05 Comparing transient and persistent gamma oscillations in the rat basolateral amygdala in vitro Randall F E, Whittington M A, Cunningham M O Newcastle University, School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH Oscillatory activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is thought to have an important role in the consolidation of emotional memories (Pelletier and Paré, 2004). During emotional arousal the BLA has been shown to produce gamma frequency oscillations (30-60 Hz) in vivo (Pagano and Gault, 1964; Feschenko and Chilingaryan, 1990). Understanding mechanisms by which oscillatory activity is generated in the amygdala could identify how the amygdala communicates with other brain areas in emotional situations. We previously reported a model of transient gamma oscillations in the BLA in vitro evoked by brief applications of L-glutamate (10 mM) in coronal slices (450μm) of BLA from adult male Wistar rats. Here we report a persistent gamma oscillation model evoked by bath application of Kainic acid (400nM). The mean frequency of the persistent oscillation was 35 ± 1 Hz and the mean power was 2030 ± 288 μV2/Hz. Pharmacological investigation showed that, like the transient model, the network activity underlying these oscillations was GABAA receptor-dependent but not NMDA receptor-dependent. The persistent oscillations also showed differential responses to AMPA/Kainate receptor antagonists different to those previously seen in other brain areas including hippocampus. Unlike the transient oscillations, the persistent oscillations were abolished by gap junction blocker Octanol (1mM). The pharmacological characteristics of the two models are similar and both provide useful tools for characterizing the cell networks involved in generating this activity. Feschenko and Chilingaryan (1990) Neurosci. Behav. Physiol. 20:506- 13 Pagano and Gault (1964) Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 17:255-60 Pelletier and Paré (2004) Biol. Psychiatry 55:559-62 19.06 Emotional responses to novelty and open spaces in a 3D maze: the role of GABA-A and histamine H3 receptors Ennaceur A (1), Michalikova S (1), Rensburg Rv (2), Curruthers N I (4), Leurs R (3), Esch I (3), Chazot P L (2) 1.Sunderland Pharmacy School,Sunderland University,UK;Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Durham University;3Leiden-Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, The Netherlands; 4.4Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, San Diego, USA. In the present study, we examined the behaviour of mice in our novel 3D maze, composed of eight flexible arms radiating from a central platform. Each arm can be manipulated independently and presented at the same, below or above the level of a central platform. Mice need to cross a bridge to reach flat, raised or elevated arms. Naïve mice were tested for the first time in the raised arm configurations of the maze. This maze can also be used to assess anxiety, learning and memory behaviours in an all-in-one continuous system (see Ennaceur et al, this meeting). The effects of different doses of GABA-A receptor selective compounds, chlordiazepoxide and THIP, and H3R selective compounds methimepip (agonist) and JNJ- 5207852 (antagonist) have been explored on the behaviour of Balb/c mice. This strain of mice has been previously shown to be more anxious than C57 mice and less anxious than C3H mice2. An anxiolytic effect of the drug is expected to align the behaviour of Balb/c to that of C57 mice, and an anxiogenic effect of the drug would align the behaviour of Balb/c to that of C3H mice. This model will be an ideal system to determine, for the first time, the true role of the GABA-A and H3 receptors in bone fide ‘normal’ anxiety. We will present our early findings. 1. Ennaceur, A, Michalikova S, Chazot PL (2006a) Behav. Brain Res.171: 26–49. 2. Ennaceur, A, Michalikova S, van Rensburg, R, Chazot PL (2006b) Behav. Brain Res 174: 9-38. Page 32/101 - 10/05/2013 - 11:11:03
20.01 Cannabinoid neuropharmacology: recent developments Ross R Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen. Aberdeen. AB25 2ZD. Scotland. The endocannabinoid system comprises two known receptors (CB1 and CB2); a family of endogenous ligands; and specific molecular machinery for the synthesis, transport, and inactivation of CB ligands. CB1 receptors are highly expressed throughout the CNS and, more recently, CB2 receptors have been identified and functionally characterised in the brainstem; however, CB2 receptor expression on neurones remains the subject of controversy. There is considerable pharmacological evidence that the endocannabinoid system may encompass additional targets. For example, recent patent applications provide the first evidence that certain synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids interact with orphan receptors, a prominent example being GPR55. Evidence has also emerged that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor contains an allosteric binding site. Novel compounds targeting this site thereby herald a new generation of therapeutics to be used, for example, as analgesics (allosteric enhancers) or antiobesity agents (allosteric inhibitors). The endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are rapidly hydrolysed by the microsomal enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). They can also be metabolized by a range of oxygenase enzymes that are already known to convert arachidonic acid to potent biologically active compounds. These include cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and P450 enzymes. Inhibition of COX-2 potentiates retrograde endocannabinoid effects in the hippocampus and PGE2 glycerol ester, a COX-2 oxidative metabolite of 2-AG, modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurones. Oxygenation of anandamide and 2-AG may therefore lead to the production of a range of novel lipid products that may have an important physiological or pathophysiological role. 20.02 Influence of cannabinoids on neural fate Campbell V, Gowran A, Downer E Department of Physiology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland The cannabinoid system has been demonstrated to exert an influence on neuronal viability with neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties being reported. The neuroprotective effects are mediated through antioxidant properties whilst we have found that the neurotoxic effects are mediated through activation of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, induction of stressactivated protein kinases and subsequent commitment to apoptosis. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, ЧM), the principal psychoactive moeity of marijuana, evokes apoptosis (P
Page 1 and 2: 1.0 Paths to recovery: Modulating P
Page 3 and 4: 3.07 Congenital hypothyroidism alte
Page 5 and 6: 4.01 The effect of hippocampal slic
Page 7 and 8: 4.09 ß-adrenergic modulation of in
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Page 13 and 14: 8.01 Dietary flavonoids stimulate P
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57.17 An analysis of DJ-1 (PARK7) a
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64.08 Modulation of ketamine-induce
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65.08 The anti-inflammatory role of
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