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56.10 The use of NMDA antagonists as cognitive disrupters on first and repeated exposure in the delayed (non) matching to position task Childs K, Foss J, Smith J W Eli Lilly, Windlesham, Surrey, UK NMDA receptor hypofunction has been suggested to underlie aspects of the symptomatology of schizophrenia and is associated with disruptions in learning and memory mechanisms in animals. We assessed the effects of first exposure and subsequent exposure of animals to NMDA receptor antagonists in the delayed-(non)-matchingto-position (D(N)MTP) task that measures working memory in rodents. Male Lister Hooded rats were required to respond on a lever when presented with a stimulus. A delay period of between 1 and 32 seconds then began. At the end of the delay, a head entry initiated the choice phase when the rats were required to match (DMTP) or not match (DNMTP) to the sample lever to earn a food pellet and a 5 s inter-trial interval (ITI) began. If animals failed to make the appropriate responses, the trial was recorded as an omission, the house-light was switched off, and the ITI proceeded in darkness. Phencyclidine (1-5 mg/kg) or SDZ 220-581 (1-3 mg/kg) were each given SC in 5% glucose, 30 minutes before the start of the session. Both SDZ-220581 and phencyclidine produced delay-independent deficits in the DMTP task on first exposure. However on repeated exposure, the disruptive effects of the compounds diminished. Furthermore when given using a Latin-square design with testing done every 3-4 days, all effects of both SDZ 220-581 and PCP decreased across time. The data indicate that acute challenge with NMDA receptor antagonists is of limited use in the investigation of the modulation of cognitive performance in these tasks. 56.11 A unique all-in-one behavioural test for assessing emotional responses and cognitive performance in rodents:Mice strains, age and sex differences Michalikova S (1), Rensburg Rv (2), Chazot P L (2), Ennaceur A(1) 1.Sunderland Pharmacy School, Sunderland University, Tyne and Wear, UK; 2. Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Durham University, UK The 3D maze is composed of eight flexible arms radiating from a central platform. Each arm can be manipulated independently and presented at the same, below or above the level of a central platform. Mice need to cross a bridge to reach flat, raised or elevated arms. When exposed for the first time to the maze, emotional responses are reflected by number of entries to bridges and to arms. C57 and CD1 mice visit significantly more arms than Balb/c and C3H mice. In C57 and CD1 the number of entries to bridges decreases when the number of entries to arms increases which means that every time they enter a bridge, C57 and CD1 would continue to arms and this becomes obvious from third session. It takes a much longer time to reach this stage for Balb/c and C3H. The behaviour of C57 and Balb/c is confirmed when compared to that of CBA and DBA mice. C57 and DBA mice appear less anxious than Balb/c and CBA mice. All these strains were able to perform a working memory task in the 3D maze with Balb/c performing better than C57 mice after their emotional responses subsided. Significant differences between young (3months) and adult (12 months) CD1 mice as well as between sexes were observed on some behavioural responses of animals. We also observed significant differences between groups in the working memory test, with young female mice performing better than young males and than both adult male and female. 56.12 Molecular mechanisms of long-term associative memory in a defined neuronal network Kemenes G Sussex Centre for Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Department of Biology & Environmental Science, Brighton, UK, BN1 9QG Work using the cellular reductionist approach to the analysis of learning and memory has been very successful in mapping out the signalling pathways that play a role in the formation of long-term synaptic plasticity. However, it remained largely unknown how the same signalling cascades contribute to the formation of long-term memory (LTM) in intact animals. The pond snail Lymnaea provides valuable experimental models for top-down analyses of associative learning and memory, enabling us to gain new insights into the molecular mechanisms of long-term behavioural plasticity. LTM forms after multi-trial aversive classical or operant conditioning but remarkably, also after a single pairing of a conditioned stimulus (amyl acetate) with food (‘flash-bulb memory’). To date, the most detailed information on the molecular mechanisms of associative LTM in Lymnaea has been gained from experiments using this single-trial food-reward classical conditioning paradigm. Molecular mechanisms of single-trial conditioning involve the activation of highly conserved signalling pathways (NO/cGMP, cAMP/PKA, CaMKII and MAPK), transcriptional activation by CREB and de novo protein synthesis. A key new finding emerging from work in Lymnaea is that depending on how recent or remote consolidated memories are relative to the time of learning, different molecular pathways are activated by memory retrieval and contribute differentially to memory reconsolidation. Importantly, a number of molecular processes involved in associative LTM have now been traced from the behavioral level to neuronal networks and single identified neurons, consolidating Lymnaea as a useful model of learning and memory research using the top-down approach. Funded by the MRC 56.13 Time-dependent differential roles for the alpha isoform of calmodulin kinase II (alphaCaMKII) in associative memory in the snail Lymnaea Stagnalis Wan H, Iqbal H, Kemenes G Sussex Centre for Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Department of Biology & Environmental Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK Electrophysiological, pharmacological and gene knockout studies in mammals have demonstrated a critical role for αCaMKII in the induction of long term potentiation (LTP) and for both acquisition and consolidation of long-term memory (LTM) in a variety of learning paradigms. We found that in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a major invertebrate model successfully used in the analysis of evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanisms of memory function and dysfunction, administration of KN-62 (100-200 μM), a specific CaMKII inhibitor, 30 min before, but not 10 or 15 min after, a singletrial food-reward classical conditioning, significantly reduced the feeding responses to the conditioned stimulus (CS) 24 hr post-training. Moreover, administration of KN-62 24 hr post-training significantly decreased responses to the CS when tested 18 hr after treatment. These results demonstrate for the first time that αCaMKII plays differential roles in the acquisition or early consolidation of LTM versus late consolidation or maintenance processes. In order to construct an in situ RNA probe and a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) for RNAi experiments we cloned an αCaMKII-like gene in Lymnaea (Lym-αCaMKII). Preliminary data from in situ hybridization and PCR studies suggest that injection of 5 μg of LymαCaMKII dsRNA leads to a significant silencing of the Lym-αCaMKII gene. Further experiments using Lym-αCaMKII dsRNA, in situ RNA probes and pharmacological inhibitors are being performed to explore the precise temporal involvements of αCaMKII in different stages of memory formation and maintenance and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Supported by MRC Page 80/101 - 10/05/2013 - 11:11:03
57.01 Opioid Receptor Agonists’- Induced changes during hypoxia in B50 Neuronal cells. Ibegbu* A O, McBean D*, Fyfe L*, Mullaney I *Department of Dietetics,Nutrition & Biological Sciences, School of Health Sciences,Queen Margaret University,Edinburgh Scotland., +Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Murdoch University, Pert Australia Opioid receptor agonists (µ, δ and κ) have been shown to have some positive benefits on the nervous system (NS), while the action of G- protein coupled receptors like MOR, DOR and KOR are involved in the activation of G-proteins necessary for several neural activities.The aim of this work was to investigate the role of Opioid receptor agonists during neuronal hypoxia using cortical cells in culture. Cortical B50 cells were cultured in normal incubator (21%O2; 5% CO2) and hypoxic incubator (5%O2; 5% CO2) and three Opioid receptor agonists namely Damgo(µ) DSLET(δ) and ICI (κ) were selected and administered to the cells as treatment against hypoxia at a dose of 10µM, 50µM and 100µM concentration respectively. Neuronal viability, Proliferation, differentiation and second messenger activity were assessed using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, cellular proliferation assay, second messenger (cAMP) assay and dbcAMP induced differentiation. The levels of G-protein coupled receptors (MOR), mRNAs were assessed using RT-PCR. The results showed some significant changes(P
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1.0 Paths to recovery: Modulating P
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3.07 Congenital hypothyroidism alte
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4.01 The effect of hippocampal slic
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4.09 ß-adrenergic modulation of in
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9.04 Inducing neural differentiatio
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12.01 Use of capillary chip based p
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15.01 L-serine enhances the inhibit
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