VECOM Low Temperature Combustion

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Carnot Cycle Efficiency Carnot Cycle • The theoretically most efficient cycle for converting thermal energy into work. • Heat taken from hot reservoir (T h ) and rejected to cold reservoir (T c ) • 1-2: isothermal heat addition • 2-3: isentropic expansion • 3-4: isothermal heat rejection • 4-1: isentropic compression T 1 T c h • Efficiency improves with higher T h and lower T c <strong>VECOM</strong> Workshop 12 Prague, March 14-15 2012
Carnot Cycle Efficiency For a gasoline engine, one might be tempted to use: T h = 2400 K (typical peak cylinder temperature) T c = 363 K (engine coolant temperature of 90°C) and then claim that maximum attainable efficiency is: Tc 363 1 1 85% T 2400 h It appears that LTC (lower T h ) would reduce efficiency. This logic is a mistake! ‣ IC engines do not follow the Carnot Cycle. ‣ The theoretically most efficient cycle for IC engines is the Otto Cycle. <strong>VECOM</strong> Workshop 13 Prague, March 14-15 2012
Page 1 and 2: Low Temperature Combustion Stanisla
Page 3 and 4: My research interests: Using thermo
Page 5 and 6: Outline • Why consider low temper
Page 7 and 8: Normal (High) Temperature Combustio
Page 9 and 10: Tools for studying LTC VECOM Worksh
Page 11: Improving efficiency with LTC VECOM
Page 15 and 16: Otto Cycle Efficiency 1 1 CR ( 1)
Page 17 and 18: Increasing Compression Ratio - Real
Page 19 and 20: Otto Efficiency (%) 1 1 CR Increa
Page 21 and 22: Increasing Ratio of Specific Heats
Page 23 and 24: Real Engine Effects Real engines do
Page 25 and 26: Engine Model - Operating Conditions
Page 27 and 28: Effect of Phi on Naturally Aspirate
Page 29 and 30: Effect of Phi on Boosted Engine Eff
Page 31 and 32: Ignition and combustion constraints
Page 33 and 34: Ignition and Combustion with LTC Co
Page 35 and 36: Ignition and Combustion with Natura
Page 37 and 38: Combustion Phasing The simulations
Page 39 and 40: Ringing and misfire limits VECOM Wo
Page 41 and 42: HCCI Ringing Limit HCCI and SACI ca
Page 43 and 44: HCCI Ringing Limit Three commonly u
Page 45 and 46: HCCI Ringing Limit 3) Combustion No
Page 47 and 48: HCCI Ringing Limits Comparison of t
Page 49 and 50: IMEP g [kPa] Combining HCCI Ringing
Page 51 and 52: Emissions from HCCI VECOM Workshop
Page 53 and 54: Emissions from HCCI We’ll conside
Page 55 and 56: Emissions from HCCI Smoke Meter PM
Page 57 and 58: Emissions from HCCI NO x Emissions
Page 59 and 60: PM (mg/m3) PM Emissions from HCCI 4
Page 61 and 62: Summary • Significant efficiency
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Future challenges 1. Optimization o
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Outline • Why consider low temper
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Conventional Diesel Combustion Good
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Reducing emissions with diesel LTC
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Phi - T Diagram Soot 1600-2400K Ide
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Diesel LTC Concept Reduce PM and NO
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Experimental Setup Engine Manufactu
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Implementation of LTC on a diesel e
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Implementation of LTC on a Diesel E
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Operating Conditions Lean Conv. Lea
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Engine-Out HC Composition by Carbon
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Late-Forming Species (Engine-Out) R
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DOC Conversion Efficiency VECOM Wor
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Why Does the DOC Perform Poorly wit
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Why Does the DOC Perform Poorly wit
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Summary VECOM Workshop 101 Prague,
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Future challenges VECOM Workshop 10
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Thank you for your attention! E-mai
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Acknowledgements - Projects • Mar
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Selected Diesel LTC References Nort
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VECOM Low Temperature Combustion

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