Delivering effective Waste Minimisation - Wrap

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08 Delivering effective Waste Minimisation 5.0 Understanding Waste Minimisation How is waste generated This guidance refers to the physical waste generated on site. It does not address wasted time and or money, albeit these are closely linked to the inefficient use of materials. The main sources of waste found in construction projects 1 include: demolition material – site clearance often leads to disposal of large quantities of materials; damage – to materials either during delivery or during storage on site (handling errors, inadequate storage, poor coordination with other trades); off-cuts – of materials resulting from inefficient design and construction practices; design changes – leading to reworking and wasted materials; temporary works materials (e.g. formworks, hoarding, etc); contamination of ‘clean’ waste; and packaging. To reduce waste one must address briefing, design, procurement, logistics and site activities, targeting waste generating activities in each. Best results are achieved when all members of the design and construction team work together to reduce waste through the construction process. How to minimise waste Waste minimisation involves taking action to reduce these sources of waste. Opportunities to reduce waste are presented in guidance sheets across four broad areas: communication; design; procurement; and logistics. Each of these areas contains several opportunities that can help reduce waste on your project. Not every opportunity is applicable in all cases but this guide should give sufficient information to begin to make real changes on a project. Figure 5.1 provides a ‘snapshot’ of where the key opportunities are to reduce waste – divided across the above categories addressing each of the waste source identified above. Table 5.1 puts key opportunities into the context of the guidance notes provided in this document. Unlike waste management there is not a simple process that can be followed on all projects (like developing a Site Waste Management Plan) but instead, project teams should make themselves aware of waste reduction opportunities within this guidance and target improvements wherever possible. Figure 5.1: Opportunity curve of waste minimisation opportunities during the project life cycle Opportunity to influence waste reduction • Pre-design • Masterplanning • Outline design • Specifications • Detailed design • Specifications • Procurement • Construction • Post construction Project timeline 1 WRAP, ‘Reducing material wastage in construction, Guidance for clients, contractors and subcontractors on how to deliver good practice in material call-off, buying and usage’.
Delivering effective Waste Minimisation 09 Table 5.1: Areas of waste minimisation opportunities: communication, design, procurement and logistics, with an example of a solution to reduce a specific waste Areas where you can Waste make a change Possible solution to reduce waste Communication Design Procure Logistics Demolition ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Opportunity for reuse of existing structure Materials from ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Opportunities for reuse and/or recycling of demolition/ demolition/site clearance materials site clearance Temporary works ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Choice of appropriate construction method Excavated material ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Ground enabling options: cut and fill balance, correct foundation depths etc Design change ✓ ✓ Have a flexible approach to design ✓ ✓ ✓ Use design freezes to avoid change Design decisions ✓ ✓ Use off site manufacture to avoid site waste ✓ ✓ Standardise designs to increase repetition Off-cuts ✓ ✓ ✓ Simplify building form to reduce site cutting ✓ ✓ Dimensional requirements coordinated with specified material/product ✓ ✓ Appropriate tolerance allowance ✓ ✓ Materials setting out correctly ✓ ✓ ✓ Accurate workmanship Over-ordering ✓ ✓ Produce accurate estimates of material requirements ✓ ✓ ✓ Avoidance of over-ordering of materials ✓ ✓ ✓ Appropriate allowance for waste Damaged materials ✓ ✓ ✓ Adequate protection ✓ ✓ ✓ Appropriate storage ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Appropriate handling/logistics ✓ ✓ ✓ Just in time delivery Packaging ✓ ✓ ✓ Encourage take back or elimination Contamination of ✓ ✓ Efficient site waste management ‘clean’ waste
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Delivering effective Waste Minimisation - Wrap

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