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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

Figure 1.2. Generalized regional geology of the Pine Creek Inlier, showing uranium fields, deposits, and prospects (modified from Needham et al., 1988). (3) Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1829 Ma to 1822 Ma) silisiclastic red beds and associated felsic and mafic volcanic rocks of the El Sherana-Edith River Group unconformably overlie Pine Creek Orogen sedimentary rocks (Jagodzinski, 1992; Kruse et al., 1994); and (4) Late Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1822 Ma to 1720 Ma) volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Kombolgie Basin (Sweet et al., 1999) unconformably overlying older rocks and are intruded by the 1723±6 Ma Oenpelli dolerite (Kyser et al., 2000). Johnston (1984) and Valenta (1990) described three deformation phases in the South Alligator River area, which are related to the ca. 1.87-1.78 Ga Top End Orogen (Needham and DeRoss, 1990). D 1 deformation occurred during the ca. 1.87-1.96 Ga Barramundi Orogen (Page and Williams, 1988) and produced isoclinal folding and bedding-parallel cleavage, related to major low-angle reverse faulting, particularly at the base of the Koolpin Formation (Johnston, 1984). D 2 occurred during the 1.86-1.84 Ga Nimbuwah event (Ferguson and Needham, 1978; Lally and Worden, 2004) and formed regional-scale, northwest trending, upright, tight to isoclinal folds and a penetrative axial-plane cleavage. This event is associated with greenschist grade metamorphism in the South Alligator River area. Post-Nimbuwah D 3 deformation is characterized by open, upright northeast-trending folds and affected the El Sherana Basin rocks (Valenta, 1991). 1.2.2. Uranium mineralization U mineralization occurs in three main areas of the Pine Creek Orogen: the Alligator Rivers Uranium Field, the South Alligator Rivers Uranium Field, and the Rum Jungle 9
Mineral Field (Figure 1.2). Many deposits in these areas are classified as unconformity-type (Lally et al., 2006). In the South Alligator Rivers area, U deposits lie within a northwesttrending structural belt of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks (Walpole et al. 1968; Crick et al. 1980; Needham et al. 1988; Valenta, 1991; Wyborn et al. 1990a). Thirteen deposits (Table 1.2) and fifteen prospects were discovered by 1953 (McKay and Miezitis, 2001). Between 1956 and 1964, a total of 875 t of U 3 O 8 from 146 500 t of ore was produced (Table 1.2, Fisher, 1968). The bulk of the production was from underground operations, with a few small open-cut pits (Lally et al., 2006). Deposits Ore tonnage Grade t U 3 O 8 Au and PGE Coronation Hill (production and reserve) 0.363 Mt 0.52 1869 19.6t Au, 0.8t Pt, 2.1t Pd El Sherana (production) 41100t 0.55 226 Minor Au El Sherana West (production) 21658t 0.82 185 Minor Au Rockhole (production) 13155t 1.11 152 Minor Au Palette (production) 4850t 2.46 124 Saddle Ridge (production) 30341t 0.24 78 Scinto 5 (production) 5800t 0.37 22 Scinto 6 (production) 1760t 0.16 3 Koolpin Creek (production) 530t 0.13 3 Skull (production) 630t 0.55 3 Sleisbeck (production) 0.34 3 Table 1.2. Production for U deposits in the Northern Territory, after Fisher, 1968. Most of the deposits lie on or near the El Sherana–Palette fault (Fig. 1.2), a northwest-striking dextral strike-slip fault system (Valenta, 1990), and were formed in dilatational zones at fault bends or intersections (Valenta, 1991). The deposits occur in greenschist facies host rocks and are surrounded by alteration zones that may extend for over 1 km (Mernagh et al., 1994). The mineralization is essentially uraninite associated with precious metals occurring as vein-type lodes in faults or shears, and occurs at the unconformity between sediments of the El Sherana Group and the underlying cherty 10
Page 1 and 2: FLUID EVOLUTION AND STRUCTURAL CONT
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Uranium deposits associate
Page 5 and 6: Co-Authorship This thesis and the m
Page 7 and 8: Sarah Rice and Jonathan Cloutier, a
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
Page 11 and 12: 2.5.2. Temporal relationships of fa
Page 13 and 14: 4.5.3. Isotopic compositions of min
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures Figure 1.1. General
Page 17 and 18: Figure 4.16. Distribution of 207 Pb
Page 19 and 20: Table 4.4. Isotopic data of the U-P
Page 21 and 22: processes by which these deposits f
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.1. Generalized geological
Page 25 and 26: which is the equivalent of the Mill
Page 27: dolostone and carbonaceous shale (L
Page 31 and 32: 2005). U mineralization is controll
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1.4. Schematic representatio
Page 35 and 36: In particular, the key issues to be
Page 37 and 38: genetic model for the U mineralizat
Page 39 and 40: fourth and most significant uranium
Page 41 and 42: The Beaverlodge area is part of the
Page 43 and 44: 1998; Hartlaub and Ashton, 1998). R
Page 45 and 46: (D 1 ) produced a regional migmatit
Page 47 and 48: These previous age models do not ta
Page 49 and 50: the age when the concentrations of
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.3. A: Detailed geologic ma
Page 53 and 54: hornblende-feldspar gneiss showing
Page 55 and 56: east-west striking en-échelon quar
Page 57 and 58: and broken Kfs 1 and Qtz 1 embedded
Page 59 and 60: A Meters LEGEND B Figure 2.6. A: De
Page 62 and 63: Figure 2.7. Microphotograph of vari
Page 64: eplaces Kfs 1 feldspars (Fig. 2.7A)
Page 67 and 68: the Qtz 1 quartz dissolution result
Page 69 and 70: Figure 2.9. Microphotograph of typi
Page 71 and 72: uraninite (Fig. 2.10). The errors o
Page 73 and 74: Figure 2.10. Backscattered Electron
Page 75 and 76: post-mineralization alteration duri
Page 77 and 78: Post-mineralization alteration even
Page 79 and 80:
Volcanic-type ±U 5 (Sample 6139, G
Page 81 and 82:
6134 pt8a 2 Gunnar 82.92 2.92 5.30
Page 83 and 84:
Regression to zero content of the s
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faults (Fig. 2.13C). The breccias w
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 2.13. Schematic cross-sectio
Page 89 and 90:
Mylonites were then reactivated at
Page 91 and 92:
and thrusting during the 1.94-1.92
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Beaverlodge area (Morelli et al., 2
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dikes (Ernst and Buchan, 2001b) and
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Figure 2.15: Distribution of 207 Pb
Page 99 and 100:
CHAPTER 3 GENESIS OF MULTIFARIOUS U
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eccia-type. The other styles of min
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The basement consist of Neoarchean
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of essentially unmetamorphosed arko
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WDX X-ray spectrometers at Carleton
Page 109 and 110:
3.4. Results 3.4.1. Paragenesis of
Page 111 and 112:
are derived from their chlorite cry
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 3.4. Photomicrographs of typ
Page 115 and 116:
3.4J). Py 6 Pyrite and Cpy 5 chalco
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mineralization varies from 25.70 to
Page 119 and 120:
6137APt71 60.67 13.73 4.59 6.48 0.0
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Fig. 3.6A). The Ca may result from
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Sample ID 1 ± 2 ± 3.a ± 4 ± 5.a
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Stable isotopic O and C composition
Page 127 and 128:
Sample ID Deposit Mineral Mineral v
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equilibrium with a fluid having δ
Page 131 and 132:
Syn-ore Chl 8 chlorite sampled from
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 3.9. Binary diagrams showing
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Figure 3.10. Chondrite-normalized R
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Retrograde metamorphism Early vein
Page 139 and 140:
contents in syn-ore Chl 4 chlorite
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decompression and hydration reactio
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mineralizations, which upgraded the
Page 145 and 146:
metamorphic origin of the main U 4
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y the abundance of Ap 1 apatite and
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of late fluid events that have affe
Page 151 and 152:
CHAPTER 4 FLUID EVOLUTION AND GENES
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1990, 1991; Wyborn et al., 1990). H
Page 155 and 156:
stable isotope geochemistry, U-Pb g
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coincident with the initiation of s
Page 159 and 160:
plasma mass spectrometry (LA-HR-ICP
Page 161 and 162:
The Coronation Hill deposit occupie
Page 163 and 164:
arsenides, nickel selenide and copp
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No corrections were made to the 238
Page 167 and 168:
which was interpreted as being asso
Page 169 and 170:
porphyry and coated by Chl 1 formin
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Mineralized breccias showing quartz
Page 173 and 174:
SOUTH ALLIGATOR RIVER GROUP EL SHER
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A Carbonaceous Shale B Src 1 Qtz 1
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A Granite Qtz 0 fragments Qtz 0 B M
Page 179 and 180:
chemical composition as a result of
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Sample I.D SiO 2 CaO FeO ThO 2 MnO
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site occupancy (Cathelineau, 1988).
Page 185 and 186:
Mineral values Temperature Fluid va
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Corrected ratios Apparent ages ( ±
Page 189 and 190:
G H Figure 4.12. U-Pb concordia dia
Page 191 and 192:
Figure 4.13. Pb-Pb isochron diagram
Page 193 and 194:
and 4.12B), and to 207 Pb/ 206 Pb a
Page 195 and 196:
160 o C at Coronation Hill. The tem
Page 197 and 198:
Figure 4.15. Conceptual genetic mod
Page 199 and 200:
of the Koolpin Formation, while dep
Page 201 and 202:
at ca. 1820 Ma, approximately 40 My
Page 203 and 204:
culminating with the formation of R
Page 205 and 206:
deposits is related to fluids deriv
Page 207 and 208:
CHAPTER 5 GENERAL DISCUSSION 5.1. I
Page 209 and 210:
ed-bed strata and associated volcan
Page 211 and 212:
character of the fluid that formed
Page 213 and 214:
5.2.1.2. Metamorphic-related uraniu
Page 215 and 216:
during brecciation or reduction as
Page 217 and 218:
ca. 1820 Ma that triggered reactiva
Page 219 and 220:
Plutons Event at 1.4 Ga (Barinek et
Page 221 and 222:
Kolari-Kittila Province Kuusamo Pro
Page 223 and 224:
The uranium deposits in various pro
Page 225 and 226:
Fig. 5.6. Distribution of the Rorai
Page 227 and 228:
Roraima Basin, similar to what is o
Page 229 and 230:
etween ca. 2.3 Ga and 1.9 Ga. Later
Page 231 and 232:
REFERENCES Adams, J., 1989. Postgla
Page 233 and 234:
Ashton, K.E., 2010. The Gunnar Mine
Page 235 and 236:
Bowles, J.F.W., 1990. Age dating of
Page 237 and 238:
Cuney, M.L., 2005. World-class unco
Page 239 and 240:
deposits in the Athabasca Basin, Sa
Page 241 and 242:
Hartlaub, R.P., Heaman, L.M., Chack
Page 243 and 244:
Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Sas
Page 245 and 246:
Kyser, K., and Cuney, M., 2008. Geo
Page 247 and 248:
two-sided oblique-slip collisional
Page 249 and 250:
Creek Geosyncline: in ‘The minera
Page 251 and 252:
Piper, J.D.A., 2004. Discussion on
Page 253 and 254:
99.Sheppard SMF and Gilg HA 1996. S
Page 255 and 256:
Proceedings Darwin Conference 1984
Page 257 and 258:
Wingate, M.T.D, Pisarevsky SA, Evan
Page 259 and 260:
Sample Deposit 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ±2σ
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
APPENDIX B REE contents of various
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Sample Y Zr Cs Ba Th La Ce Pr Nd Sm
Page 269 and 270:
Sample ΣREE TLREE THREE LREE/HREE
Page 271 and 272:
SAMPLE ID. SiO 2 TiO 2 AL 2O 3 CR 2
Page 273 and 274:
SAMPLE ID. SiO 2 TiO 2 AL 2O 3 CR 2
Page 275 and 276:
APPENDIX E Electron microprobe data
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SAMPLE Si 4+ AL 4+ Total AL 6+ Ti 4
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SAMPLE Si 4+ AL 4+ Total AL 6+ Ti 4
Page 281 and 282:
Sample ID. Deposit UO 2 SiO 2 CaO F
Page 283 and 284:
Sample ID. Deposit UO 2 SiO 2 CaO F
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Sample ID. Al 2O 3 CaO FeO K2O MgO
Page 291 and 292:
Sample ID. Al 2O 3 CaO FeO K2O MgO
Page 293 and 294:
250 85 330 40 145 70 25 65 30 30 27
Page 295 and 296:
Mineralized veins Quartz veins 276
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