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Pyramids The Pyramids of Giza The Pyramids of Giza More than any other monuments, the Pyramids of Giza symbolise the mystic appeal that Egypt has exerted over travellers for centuries. Instantly recognisable, their vast silhouettes dominate the Giza skyline, with gritty streets on one side and endless desert sands on the other. Sentinel to the Pyramids, the Sphinx sits in enigmatic splendour. The Giza Plateau spreads for several kilometres, with the three Pyramids the most obvious monuments in a much larger burial complex. The Pyramids date back to the fourth dynasty of the Ancient Egyptians, (between 2670 BC and 2500 BC) and were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. You can go inside some of the pyramids, but it is a bit of a physical ordeal and it is not recommended for those who are claustrophobic. Guardian, Saqqara Sphinx at Memphis, near Cairo Visiting the Pyramids of Giza, Saqqara and Dashur We would recommend a day to visit the Pyramids of Giza, Saqqara and Dashur, accompanied by a driver and guide. Your guide will recount the histories of all three sites and the stories of the pharaohs who ordered the construction of these burial monuments. By visiting Giza, Saqqara and Dashur you will be able to get a really in-depth insight into the development of pyramid design, starting with the mastabas (a simple tomb structure that developed over time to become a pyramid) on view at Saqqara and ending with the zenith of Ancient Egyptian engineering and architecture at the Great Pyramids of Cheops. Saqqara Within easy reach of Cairo, the site of Saqqara is far less visited than the Giza Plateau. Saqqara is where the royalty and nobility of Memphis (Ancient Egypt’s capital) were buried, and there are a large number of mastabas and temples to explore. The most important is the Step Pyramid of Zoser, which predates the Great Pyramid of Cheops by about 75 years and marks the moment when the pyramid age began under the direction of the architect Imhotep. Building on increasingly larger mortuary mastabas for his pharaoh Zoser, Imhotep eventually struck on the idea of a stepped pyramid, and the other larger and more famous pyramids took their inspiration directly from this design. The Step Pyramid at Saqqara 12
The Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx The Bent Pyramid, Dashur Dashur The furthest of the Ancient Egyptian sites visited from Cairo, Dashur is an impressive pyramid field with two particularly notable examples, both completed during the reign of the Pharaoh Snofru, the father of Cheops and founder of the fourth dynasty. The Red Pyramid, so called because of the red limestone used in its construction, is the second largest in Egypt, only exceeded in size by the Great Pyramid at Giza. The Bent Pyramid is remarkable for two reasons. Firstly the angle of the slope changes abruptly halfway up the face of the pyramid (hence its name) and secondly, its limestone cladding is almost intact, unlike all other Egyptian pyramids. This gives a very rare insight into how all pyramids must have looked when first built. MENA HOUSE OBEROI HOTEL, CAIRO There can be few hotels with a location to match the Mena House. It is nestled at the foot of the Giza Plateau, directly below the looming presence of the Great Pyramid. Built as a hunting lodge by Khedive Ismail, a 19th century Egyptian ruler, it was converted to a hotel in 1886 and welcomed guests from international royalty and high society. It was also where Churchill and Roosevelt met to plan the D-Day landings. Today it combines classic 19th century arabesque architecture and design with more modern features, along with 16 hectares of jasmine-scented gardens and a pool. View from balcony, Mena House Oberoi Hotel, Cairo The Red Pyramid, Dashur www.audleytravel.com/egypt ● 01993 838 410 ● Egypt 13
Page 1 and 2: N ORTH A FRICA & THE M IDDLE E AST
Page 3 and 4: Introducing Audley After developing
Page 5 and 6: Guiding and excursions Your guides
Page 7 and 8: Al-Azhar Mosque, Egypt Responsible
Page 9 and 10: Audley in Egypt 1 2 5 4 3 7 With mo
Page 11: Mosaic, Hanging Church, Coptic Cair
Page 15 and 16: Bedouin woman wearing traditional j
Page 17 and 18: Coptic church service, Cairo Mosaic
Page 19 and 20: The Valley of the Kings The Theban
Page 21 and 22: Nubian men at the market, Aswan Mö
Page 23 and 24: Steam Ship Sudan Hadeel Dahabiyya P
Page 25 and 26: Entrance to Abu Simbel temple Sun d
Page 27 and 28: Patterned door, El Quseir St Cather
Page 29 and 30: Suggested itineraries Alexandria El
Page 31 and 32: Audley in Jordan 4 1 5 2 Jordan is
Page 33 and 34: Ajloun Castle Chariot driver taking
Page 35 and 36: Jordanian man by the Kings’ Highw
Page 37 and 38: Learning to cook Jordanian style, P
Page 39 and 40: Jordan’s nature reserves Wadi Dan
Page 41 and 42: Greek Orthodox Church, Bethany Beyo
Page 43 and 44: Jewish quarter, Jerusalem The Weste
Page 45 and 46: Suggested itineraries Ajloun Castle
Page 47 and 48: Audley in Syria 5 1 2 4 Our advice
Page 49 and 50: Selling walnuts in the spice souq,
Page 51 and 52: Palmyra at sunset Detail from a col
Page 53 and 54: Children, Aleppo The Hittite Temple
Page 55 and 56: Suggested itineraries St.Simeon’s
Page 57 and 58: Beirut street scene Beirut Once kno
Page 59 and 60: Suggested itineraries Tailoring you
Page 61 and 62: Audley in Morocco 5 1 2 3 4 7 8 6 M
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The Saadian Tombs, Marrakesh Souq,
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Young Berber girl, High Atlas Kasba
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Morocco at the movies Morocco lies
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The Dades Valley Woman, Taroudant C
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Kasbah on the edge of the Erg Chebb
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Gate to medina, Fez Sweets in the s
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Cap Spartel Lighthouse, Tangier Mus
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Suggested itineraries Rabat Fez Cas
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Amphitheatre, El Jem Tunis Central
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Suggested itineraries Tailoring you
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Libyan men outside a Tripoli mosque
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Audley in Iran 7 5 2 6 1 4 3 We fee
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Bridge of 33 arches, Esfahan Iman M
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Suggested itineraries Tailoring you
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Audley in Oman 6 2 5 1 3 4 Although
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Sifa Beach, near Muscat Local man a
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Nizwa Mosque and the Jebel Akhdar B
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The Frankincense Trade The Dhofar r
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Useful information The Monastery, P
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