Untitled

遗 迹 化 石
2009020028
美 国 怀 俄 明 州 大 角 羊 盆 地 古 近 系 Willwood
组 基 于 粘 着 新 月 型 钻 孔 (AMB) 的 新 遗 迹
属 和 遗 迹 种 Naktodemasis Bowni =
Naktodemasis Bowni: New Ichnogenus and
Ichnospecies for Adhesive Meniscate Burrows
(AMB), and Paleoenvironmental Implications,
Paleogene Willwood Formation, Bighorn
basin, Wyoming. ( 英 文 ). Smith J J; Hasiotis S
T; Kraus M J; Woody D T. Journal of
Paleontology, 2008, 82(2): 267-278 7 图 版 .
Adhesive meniscate burrows (AMB) are
common in alluvial paleosols of the Paleogene
Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin,
Wyoming. AMB are sinuous, variably
oriented burrows composed of a nested series
of distinct, ellipsoidal packets containing thin,
tightly spaced menisci subparallel to the
bounding packet. Menisci are non-pelleted
and texturally homogeneous with each other
and the surrounding matrix. AMB were
constructed most likely by burrower bugs
(Hemiptera: Cydnidae), cicada nymphs
(Hemiptera: Cicadae), and less likely by
scarabaeid (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) or
carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), based
on burrow morphology and comparison to
similar structures produced by these
organisms in modern soils. Extant burrowing
insects excavate backfilled burrows in wellrooted
A and upper B horizons of soils
generally below field capacity depending on
soil type. This study demonstrates that AMB
are distinct morphologically from such
previously described ichnofossils as
Beaconites, Laminites, Scoyenia, Taenidium,
and Ancorichnus. Naktodemasis bowni, a new
ichnogenus and ichnospecies, represents
burrows composed of nested ellipsoidal
packets backfilled with thin, tightly spaced,
menisci subparallel to the bounding packet.
The presence of N. bowni indicate periods of
subaerial exposure associated with pedogenic
modification under moderately to well-drained
soil conditions, or during periods of better
drainage in imperfectly drained soils. N.
bowni, therefore, can differentiate alluvial
paleoenvironments from marine and lacustrine
paleoenvironments, as well as periods of
subaerial exposure of sediments deposited in
aquatic settings.
2009020029
化 石 橡 瘿 保 存 着 古 代 多 种 营 养 的 相 互 作 用
= Fossil oak galls preserve ancient
multitrophic interactions. ( 英 文 ). Stone G N;
van der Ham R W J M; Brewer J G.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B:
Biological Sciences, 2008, 275(1648): 2213-
2219
Trace fossils of insect feeding have
contributed substantially to our understanding
of the evolution of insect–plant interactions.
The most complex phenotypes of herbivory
are galls, whose diagnostic morphologies
often allow the identification of the gall
inducer. Although fossil insect-induced galls
over 300Myr old are known, most are twodimensional
impressions lacking adequate
morphological detail either for the precise
identification of the causer or for detection of
the communities of specialist parasitoids and
inquilines inhabiting modern plant galls. Here,
we describe the first evidence for such
multitrophic associations in Pleistocene fossil
galls from the Eemian interglacial (130000–
115000 years ago) of The Netherlands. The
exceptionally well-preserved fossils can be
attributed to extant species of Andricus
gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) galling
oaks (Quercus), and provide the first fossil
evidence of gall attack by herbivorous
inquiline gallwasps. Furthermore,
phylogenetic placement of one fossil in a
lineage showing obligate host plant alternation
implies the presence of a second oak species,
Quercus cerris, currently unknown from
Eemian fossils in northwestern Europe. This
contrasts with the southern European native
range of Q. cerris in the current interglacial
and suggests that gallwasp invasions
following human planting of Q. cerris in
northern Europe may represent a return to
preglacial distribution limits.
2009020030
阿 根 廷 门 多 萨 省 下 - 中 侏 罗 统 Bardas
Blancas 组 风 暴 沉 积 埋 葬 学 和 遗 迹 学 =
Taphonomy And Ichnology From Storm
Deposits; In Bardas Blancas Formation
(Lower-Middle Jurassic), Mendoza, Argentina.
( 其 他 ). Bressan G S; Palma R M.
Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(3): 513-528
The Bardas Blancas Formation (Toarcian-
Bajocian) of the Neuquen Basin in rio
Potimalal area is characterized on the basis of
sedimentologic, taphonomic and ichnologic
criteria. The taphonomic attributes and their
relation to the lithofacies allow us to
distinguish five different bioclastic deposits
(BD): (1) BD1, hummocky cross-stratified
shell concentrations; (2) BD2, lenticular or
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