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2009020449 谢佩岛下始新统一巨型 Dasornis 类的头骨化石 = A skull of the giant bony-toothed bird Dasornis (Aves: Pelagornithidae) from the lower Eocene of the isle of Sheppey. ( 英文 ). Mayr G. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(5): 1107- 1116 The first substantial skull of a very large Paleogene bony-toothed bird (Pelagornithidae) is described from the Lower Eocene London Clay of the Isle of Sheppey in England. The specimen is assigned to Dasornis emuinus (Bowerbank), based on a taxonomic revision of the large London Clay Pelagornithidae. Very large bony-toothed birds from the London Clay were known previously from fragmentary remains of non-comparable skeletal elements only, and Dasornis londinensis Owen, Argillornis emuinus (Bowerbank), A. longipennis Owen, and Neptuniavis miranda Harrison and Walker are considered junior synonyms of D. emuinus. The new specimen allows a definitive assignment of Dasornis to the Pelagornithidae and documents that this taxon closely resembles other bony-toothed birds in cranial morphology. It is hypothesized that giant size (i.e. a wingspan above 4 m) evolved only once within Pelagornithidae and that Dasornis emuinus is the sister taxon of the giant Neogene bony-toothed birds, which share a derived wing morphology. 2009020450 鼠鸟类的化石记录及其演化 = The fossil record and evolution of Mousebirds (Aves: Coliiformes). ( 英文 ). Zelenkov N V; Dyke G J. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(6): 1403-1418 Recent mousebirds are the smallest of the living neognathous bird orders – just two genera comprising six species. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of this avian lineage is important because these birds occupy a critical position within Neoaves and can be used as a model for patterns of morphological diversification in other taxa. We present a review of all known fossil mousebirds (Aves: Coliiformes), which formed a diverse assemblage in the Paleogene (65 – 23.8 ma). We also present a new phylogenetic analysis including the living and fossil representatives of the order, on the basis of a larger character/taxon matrix. This analysis suggests that the Lower Eocene Eocolius is the most basal member of clade Coliiformes, while the Lower – Middle Eocene Sandcoleidae form a basal clade with respect to all other known coliiforms. We show that the Eocene taxon Chascacocolius is the sister group of the crown Coliidae, and that the Middle Eocene taxon Selmes is basal to a clade comprising Chascacocolius and Coliidae. On the basis of this phylogenetic analysis, we propose a new classification for the order Coliiformes including two new families, Chascacocoliidae and Selmeidae. For all families (clades) of mousebirds we provide descriptive osteological diagnoses and discuss a number of functional considerations related to the evolution of their hindlimbs; these considerations can be extended across all extant and fossil perching birds because we show that the hindlimb morphology of Coliiformes is strongly related to their lifestyle, as reflected in their evolutionary history. 2009020451 中国原始鸟类 confuciusornithid 及其对早期鸟类飞行的意义 = A primitive confuciusornithid bird from China and its implications for early avian flight. ( 英文 ). Zhang Fucheng; Zhou Zhonghe; Benton M J. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2008, 51(5): 625-639 Confuciusornithids, lived from 120 – 125 million years ago, form a basal bird group and include the oldest birds with horny beaks. Here we describe Eoconfuciusornis zhengi, gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Dabeigou Formatio (131 Ma) in Fengning, Hebei Province, northern China. It represents a new and, more primitive than other known, member of this group and extends the lifespan of this family to 11 Ma, the longest of any known Early Cretaceous avian lineages. Furthermore, Eoconfuciusornis and its relatives present many osteological transformations, such as the size increase of the deltopectoral crest of the humerus and the keel of the sternum, apparently an adaptation toward improved flight in the evolution of the Confuciusornithidae. 2009020452 内蒙古早白垩世发现华夏鸟新种及其地层学意义 = A New Species of Cathayornis from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China and Its Stratigraphic Significance. ( 英文 ). Li Jianjun; Li Zhiheng; Zhang Yuguang; Zhou Zhonghe; Bai Zhiqiang; Zhang Lifu; Ba 140
Tuya. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(6): 1115-1123 An incomplete postcranial avian skeleton is described from the Lower Cretaceous Jingchuan Formation of Otog Banner of western Inner Mongolia and referred to a new species of Cathayornis, C. chabuensis sp. nov. This is the first report of a Cathayornis from outside Liaoning Province. The new discovery indicates that Cathayornis coexisted with Otogornis genghisi, and a more detailed comparison between these two enantiornithine genera shows that Otogornis represents a more primitive genus than Cathayornis. Our analyses further indicate that Cathayornis is an arboreal bird. The discovery of a Cathayornis from this region also confirms that the avian fossil-bearing Jingchuan Formation is comparable to the Jiufotang Formation of the upper Jehol Group in western Liaoning, and should be referred to the middle-late Early Cretaceous. 2009020453 鸟的起源和演化 :35 年的进展 = The origin and evolution of birds: 35 years of progress. ( 法文 ). Padiana K; de Ricqlès A. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2009, 8(2-3): 257-280 Birds are dinosaurs – specifically, small feathered and flighted theropod dinosaurs that probably originated in Laurasia during the Late Jurassic over 140 million years ago. They are most closely related to other small theropods such as dromaeosaurs and troodontids, terrestrial predators that were fleet-footed hunters. The origin of birds is a classic example of two kinds of macroevolution: the phylogenetic origin of the group, and the sequential assembly of adaptations such as flight that are indelibly associated with birds. These adaptations were not assembled all at once. Rather, a great many characteristics associated with birds and flight first appeared in non-avian dinosaurs, where they were used for many purposes other than flight. These included insulation, brooding, and probably display and species recognition. Birds diversified steadily but gradually after their origin, which is identified with the origin of flight (Archaeopteryx); forelimb and other flight-associated features evolved more rapidly than features associated with the posterior skeleton. The first birds grew more slowly than extant birds do, and more like other small Mesozoic dinosaurs; like them, they probably matured sexually well before they completed their active skeletal growth. The origin of flight is not a problem of “trees down” or “ground up,” but rather an examination of the order in which diagnostic flight characters evolved, and what each stage can reveal about the functions and habits of bird outgroups at those evolutionary junctures. 2009020454 晚始新世雁形鸟类 Romainvillia stehlini 的系统发育关系和形态 = Phylogenetic affinities and morphology of the late Eocene anseriform bird Romainvillia stehlini Lebedinsky, 1927. ( 英文 ). Mayr G. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(3): 365-380 A lectotype is designated and the previously unknown humerus described. In contrast to recent hypotheses that R. stehlini is a member of Anseranatidae, the species can be unambiguously identified as a stem group representative of the Anatidae. R. stehlini is clearly distinguished from the early Eocene anseranatid Anatalavis oxfordi Olson, 1999 in all known skeletal elements, and a phylogenetic analysis supports a clade. In combining Presbyornis-like wing bones with a duck-like coracoid and tarsometatarsus, R. stehlini represents a morphological link between the highly aberrant long-legged Presbyornithidae and crown group Anatidae. 哺乳类 2009020455 南美北部晚更新世的新的犬科化石组合 : 来自委内瑞拉 Zulia 地区 Inciarte 沥青坑的犬科化石、化石记录及生物地理 = A new fossil canid assemblage from the Late Pleistocene of northern south America: the canids of the inciarte asphalt pit (Zulia, Venezuela), fossil record and biogeography. ( 英文 ). Prevosti F J; ASCANIO D RINCÓN. Journal of Paleontology, 2007, 81(5): 1053- 1065 5 图版 . Canids invaded South American during the Pliocene (2.8 – 3.1 Ma BP) as part of the Great American Biotic Interchange, but their record on the continent is relatively poor until the Pleistocene. However, even the Pleistocene record of the group is patchy and biased, with few records for the northern part of South America. In this paper we describe a new assemblage of canids found at the Inciarte asphalt pits (Zulia, Venezuela). These remains are associated with a variety of extinct Pleistocene mammals dated between 25–27 141
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第 5 卷第 2 期古生物学
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calcite in 38% sulphuric acid. The
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2009020010 细胞过度生长
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edistribution of continents, orogen
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Turner E C; Burdige D J. Geology, 2
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遗迹化石 2009020028 美国
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trackways from Fumanya (south-east
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华盛顿奥林匹克半岛
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sequenced and analysed the genome o
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estuarine sediments: Chezzetcook In
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preserved in the gypsum crystals of
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文 ). Lian O B; Mathewes R W; Hico
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Lower Cretaceous of Santa Cruz prov
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sediments of the Zhuravka and Abros
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Flores Formation is exposed along t
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egion in Late Permian times was pro
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Chlorogloeaopsis contexta, Obruchev
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deposition of organic-rich, low-oxy
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东攀剖面二叠纪末期
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econcile with Ediacaran trace and b
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2009020121 中国西北兰州
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Paleontologica Argentina, 2008, 45(
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始新世至中始新世早
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assemblage is highly dominated by m
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Creek Limestone of the Molong High.
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木属的 3 个同名 Cyclostig
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Ceratopteris are from the Eocene of
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covering of the spore mass. Ultrast
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Southern Floristic Province. It imp
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An anatomically preserved mature st
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and predation between the two ocean
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endemic or Andean forms and others
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islands" (Taylor and Wilson, 2003)
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analysis, SHE Community Structure I
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2009020208 安第斯火地岛
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Miolepidocyclina, Nephrolepidina, E
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alaskensis n. gen. and sp., Virgula
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y the fissispongiid Fissispongia ja
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to a revival of Kiderlen's (1937) h
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gentle and slow extinction speed an
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Two new bryozoan species are descri
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onset of Lopingian recovery/radiati
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ut also found in the paterinates. I
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is reinstated as the reference for
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three species are widespread in the
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Page 108 and 109: have been extended as a result of t
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Page 114 and 115: with a lichenocrinid holdfast, and
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sulfide assemblages in them, of Cen
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south of the island. The occurrence
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ecords in the Jiuquan Basin, northw
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Myr younger than hitherto considere
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