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12 Case Study: Novartis Metaphase is the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes migrate to the center of the cell before it divides. This metaphase test is the basis for chromosome aberration analysis. This image shows the “collection” of chromosomes of a dividing cell. As an example, a micronucleus reflects a genotoxic insult because it originates from a chromosome strand break due to the compound interaction with the nuclear material . Direct DNA lesions are assessed using the comet assay where DNA particles migrating in an electric field, are stained with a fluorescent dye and can be measured to assess the overall DNA damage following the compound administration . Summarizing genetic toxicology’s mission - if the drug does not damage a cell’s DNA, an important hurdle is passed for being a good candidate for later Phase 1 clinical trials . M is for morphology MIL markedly supports the researchers to extract the vital information they seek . After “discovering” MIL in 1999, Frieauff found that it was “the most flexible and ready-to-use tool library which fully supported mathematical morphology functions, as well as advanced blob analysis, both very important for biological image analysis .” These functions comprise the “core” of Frieauff’s software . With more than 20 years of experience in image analysis development, Frieauff had already built some powerful software tools based on low-level imaging functions . MIL’s functional interface simplified the overall software development . “For my applications,” he explains, “automated segmentation of biological structures, that is, cells containing nuclei or other cellular patterns, is crucial . Thus, I developed automated segmentation functions for various specific applications in industrial toxicology .” The “various specific applications” of which Frieauff speaks is one of the unique features of ROBIAS . “You may find diverse systems covering individual solutions,” he says, “but not one system covering all these tox[ological] assays on one platform . That was the main idea behind ROBIAS .” Currently, five ROBIAS units are deployed in Novartis locations, plus an additional two systems without the robotic slide feeder . These days IMAGING INSIGHT Vol. 10 No. 1 In this micronucleus test, two cells show micronuclei, evidence that the drug compound interacted with the cell’s genetic material. Frieauff manages the laboratory’s toxicology assays and oversees all aspects of ROBIAS . Always in the midst of new application development, he is currently investigating sophisticated details of the MIL’s Edge Finder module . He is also working through the process of patenting ROBIAS . His determination has certainly paid off . In fact, in 2007 Frieauff received the Novartis VIVA Leading Scientist award . “I was extremely proud,” recalls Frieauff, “the award reflects the importance of the ROBIAS system and the development of fully automatic image analysis applications for various units within Novartis Pharma research and development .” References: Sookman, Sarah . “In Living Color Microscopy tool uses MIL to automate color-based cell analysis” Imaging Insight 5 .3 (2003): 4-5 .
The The The VISION VISION SQUAD SQUAD Using MIL The Vision Squad Files: MIL GMF masks Geometric Model Finder masks Pattern recognition is used to locate an object in an image. For that reason, it is one of the most widely used operations in the machine vision industry. While the normalized grayscale correlation (NGC) technique uses a pixelby-pixel comparison, the MIL Geometric Model Finder (GMF) uses a technique based on the geometric features of an object. GMF is not only more flexible, but also more tolerant of lighting variations, model occlusion and variations in scale and angle. One way to get even better results with GMF is to apply masks to the search model. This Vision Squad article describes how to use the various masking capabilities of GMF so that the tool can be used to its full potential. IMAGING INSIGHT Vol. 10 No. 1 13
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