From the grassroots: NATIONAL REPORTS - Social Watch
From the grassroots: NATIONAL REPORTS - Social Watch
From the grassroots: NATIONAL REPORTS - Social Watch
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TablE 1<br />
Trends in Forest Cover in Ghana<br />
1990-2005<br />
Year<br />
Forest Cover<br />
(Hectares)<br />
Rate of Deforestation<br />
1990 7,448,000 -<br />
2000 6,094,000 -18.2%<br />
2005 5,517,000 -9.5%<br />
Annual Average -1.8%<br />
Source : Rainforest Alliance, 2006/FAO<br />
TABLE 2<br />
Access to Improved Sanitation in 2008 by Region<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
respectively” in all agro-ecological zones except<br />
for <strong>the</strong> rainforest zone where rainfall may increase.<br />
Available data also shows a sea-level rise of 2.1mm<br />
per year over <strong>the</strong> last 30 years, indicating a rise of<br />
5.8cm, 16.5cm and 34.5cm by 2020, 2050 and<br />
2080 respectively. 5<br />
While 23% of <strong>the</strong> urban population and 51.6%<br />
of <strong>the</strong> rural population still live below <strong>the</strong> poverty<br />
line, 6 it should be noted that data from <strong>the</strong> 2008 Ghana<br />
Living Standards Survey (GLSS) shows that <strong>the</strong><br />
number of extremely poor declined by 8.6 percentage<br />
points from 26.8% in 1998-99 to 18.2% in 2005-<br />
06. 7 However, given <strong>the</strong> country’s high dependence<br />
on agriculture and forestry, changing climate conditions<br />
have serious implications for <strong>the</strong> standard of<br />
living of women and men in those communities and<br />
could reverse that trend. There is already evidence<br />
that vital economic resources – <strong>the</strong> coastal zone,<br />
agriculture, and water – have been affected by climate<br />
change with adverse implications for women’s<br />
rights, poverty, health and livelihoods. Those who<br />
live in communities with high poverty levels will be<br />
most negatively affected.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn parts of <strong>the</strong> country, flooding in<br />
2007 showed that <strong>the</strong> impact of climate change on<br />
development efforts is overwhelming. An estimated<br />
317,000 persons were affected; 1,000 kilometres of<br />
roads were destroyed; 210 schools and health facilities<br />
were damaged; and 630 drinking water facilities<br />
were damaged or contaminated.<br />
Since <strong>the</strong>n, wea<strong>the</strong>r variability has continued<br />
to affect different societal groups and geographical<br />
locations, inhibiting efforts to meet <strong>the</strong> Millennium<br />
Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs were incorporated<br />
into Ghana’s Poverty Reduction Strategy<br />
(GPRS 1-2003-2005 and GPRS 11-2006-2009), but<br />
<strong>the</strong> impact of climate change already makes clear<br />
that Millennium Development Goal 7 (MDG-7) – en-<br />
5 LWF Youth Blog, Youth challenge leaders on climate change<br />
at UN, (September 2007), .<br />
10 The rural areas in <strong>the</strong> three nor<strong>the</strong>rn regions in Ghana are far<br />
behind <strong>the</strong> target for access to basic sanitation. See: National<br />
Development Planning Commission, Ghana Millennium<br />
Development Goals 2007, (UNDP, 2007).<br />
<strong>Social</strong> <strong>Watch</strong> 117 Ghana