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the ash and sulphur contents of coal, the composition and types of coal, thickness variation and splitting of seams, "wants" and stone rolls in seams, the safest and least costly directions of underground mining, the stability of roof and floor strata in underground workings, and the stability of high walls in open cuts. Even thick volcanic ashfalls can affect coal seam development by smothering pre-existing topography and filling in depressions. Innumerable case histories have been published illustrating all of the above. The maps presented here are a starting point for further study of the Permian in Australia. Details on the maps can be expected to change with time as more data become available. This is particularly true for the New England Orogen, currently the focus of much intellectual ferment, where theories of major strike-slip movements, oroclinal bending, and terrane docking are being proposed and tested, even as farreaching changes to the ages of some successions are being announced. By the end of this century, the face of the orogen as we currently understand it may be radically altered. In the meantime, the present maps are still useful here in at least showing the environments recorded by the outcrops, even if the rocks may have been in different relative positions in the Permian. The palmogeography of the Australian Permian in this Record is the most detailed and has the finest time resolution so far published. Not only will these maps be used extensively in resources exploration, but they will also be incorporated into world palmogeographic studies, and thereby help to develop a better understanding of global changes in climate, ocean circulation, and plate tectonic movements during the late Palmozoic. 72
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ALLCHURCH, P.D., WOPFNER, H., HARRIS, W.K., & McGOWRAN, B., 1973 - South Australian Department of Mines Cootanoorina No.1 well. Geological Survey of South Australia, Report of Investigations 40. ALLEN, G.A., PEARCE, L.G.G., & GARDNER, W.E., 1978 - A regional interpretation of the Browse Basin. The APEA Journal, 18, 23-33. ALLEN, R.J., 1980 - Petroleum resources of Queensland. Queensland Government Mining Journal, 81, 67-73. ALLEY, N.F., & BOURMAN, R.P., 1984 - Sedimentology and origin of Late Palaeozoic glacigene deposits at Cape Jervis, South Australia. Royal Society of South Australia, Transactions, 108, 63-75 ANDERSON, J.C., 1971 - Correlation of upper Permian strata between the Springsure Anticline and the Blackwater areas. Queensland Government Mining Journal, 72, 393-396. ANDERSON, J.C., 1974 - Departmental drilling, Springsure Shelf programme, western Bowen Basin. Geological Survey of Queensland, Record 1974/37 (unpublished). ARCHBOLD, N.W., 1982 - Correlation of the Early Permian faunas of Gondwana: implications for the Gondwanan Carboniferous - Permian boundary. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 29, 267-275. ARCHBOLD, N.W., 1985 - Permian and Triassic marine faunas of the southwest Pacific. In LEITCH, E. (Editor) - Third Circum-Pacific Terrane Conference, extended abstracts. Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts 14, 5-8. ARCHBOLD, N.W., PIGRAM, C.J., RATMAN, N., & HAKIM, S., 1982 - Indonesian Permian brachiopod fauna and Gondwana-South-East Asia relationships. Nature, 296, 556-558. ARDITTO, P.A., 1987 - Eustacy, sequence stratigraphic analysis and peat formation: a model for widespread Late Permian coal deposition in the Sydney Basin, N.S.W. 21st Newcastle Symposium on Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin, Abstracts, 11-17. Department of Geology, University of Newcastle, N.S.W. ASTHANA, D., & LEITCH, E.C., 1985 - Petroi Metabasalt: alkaline within-plate mafic rocks from the Nambucca Slate Belt, northeastern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32, 261-277. AUDLEY-CHARLES, M.G., 1988 - Evolution of the southern margin of Tethys (North Australian region) from early Permian to late Cretaceous. In AUDLEY- 7 3
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BMR RECORD 1990/60 PAUEOGEOGRAPHY 1
Page 3 and 4:
PERMIAN ENERGY & MINERAL RESOURCES^
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FOREWORD Palmogeographic maps are o
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were then used to determine the sed
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Oil); L.G. Elliott, P.L. Price, and
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sequences underlying parts of the S
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Eurydesma occurrences, suggesting t
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that the Lynningtonian stage embrac
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is constrained by the presence in p
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Permian igneous activity in the Per
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the late Artinskian and the basin w
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the Permian, however, the Permo-Car
Page 25 and 26: sea level; the only documented Perm
Page 27 and 28: southern Sydney Basin have been rel
Page 29 and 30: Connors-Auburn Volcanic Arc (Day &
Page 31 and 32: NEW ENGLAND OROGEN Yarrol Province
Page 33 and 34: ^ 300 Ma CURTIS ISLAND TERRANE 302
Page 35 and 36: • WARWICK KILOMETRES 0^20^40^60 0
Page 37 and 38: existence of the fault. DISCUSSION
Page 39 and 40: Figure 5. Australia's position in G
Page 41 and 42: would alone occupy an entire volume
Page 43 and 44: the map), perhaps being joined by c
Page 45 and 46: Extensive bodies of marine water oc
Page 47 and 48: e attributed to the higher sea leve
Page 49 and 50: The marine region of eastern New En
Page 51 and 52: equivalents of the Bonaparte succes
Page 53 and 54: Figure 7. Eastern Australian palmog
Page 55 and 56: ocks at all of Permian 4 age, could
Page 57 and 58: others, 1985). Granitic intrusion a
Page 59 and 60: history of upper delta plain facies
Page 61 and 62: Basins were sourced from the underl
Page 63 and 64: structure in this area, ideally sui
Page 65 and 66: The Pedirka Basin's petroleum prosp
Page 67 and 68: side of the outcropping portion of
Page 69 and 70: Murray Infra-basins and Oaklands Ba
Page 71 and 72: as they were infilled; a hiatus occ
Page 73 and 74: Permian Alum Mountain Volcanics, in
Page 75: to the end of the period (Fig. 8).
Page 79 and 80: BANKS, M.R., & AHMAD, N., 1962 - Th
Page 81 and 82: BLACK, L.P., BLAKE, D.H., & OLATUNJ
Page 83 and 84: Resources, Australia, Record 1990/6
Page 85 and 86: BROWN LOW, J.W., 1982a - A time-spa
Page 87 and 88: E.L. (Editors) - Geology and minera
Page 89 and 90: in New England, New South Wales. Jo
Page 91 and 92: Metallogeny and tectonic developmen
Page 93 and 94: Lochinvar Formation of the Sydney B
Page 95 and 96: EXON, N.F., 1974 - The geological e
Page 97 and 98: GSQ Mundubbera 5 & 6, Taroom Trough
Page 99 and 100: GULSON, B.L., DIESSEL, C.F.K., MASO
Page 101 and 102: HAWKINS, P.J., 1976 - Facies analys
Page 103 and 104: HOLCOMBE, R.J., LITTLE, T.A., GIBSO
Page 105 and 106: JONES, P.J., 1988 - Comments on som
Page 107 and 108: to basin development across Phanero
Page 109 and 110: LE MAITRE, R.W., 1975 - Volcanic ro
Page 111 and 112: MALONE, E.J., JENSEN, A.R., GREGORY
Page 113 and 114: McPHIE, J., 1982 - The Coombadjha V
Page 115 and 116: MORY, A.J., 1988 - Regional geology
Page 117 and 118: OLGERS, F., WEBB, A.W., SMIT, J.A.J
Page 119 and 120: Geological Survey of New South Wale
Page 121 and 122: Bonaparte Gulf Basin 1963-71. Burea
Page 123 and 124: Basin, central Queensland. Geologic
Page 125 and 126: TINGATE, P.R., ANDREW, J.W., DUDDY,
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VOISEY, A.H., & PACKHAM, G.H., 1969
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WILFORD, G.E., 1983 - Phanerozoic p
Page 131:
ENVIRONMENT SYMBOLS ON PERMIAN INTE
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