GENERAL BIOLOGY LAB 1 (BSC1010L)

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Because there is usually some degree of error introduced when we take measurements, scientists take multiple readings and then use statistics to get a more accurate representation of the true measurement and to be able to evaluate how accurate the sampling may have been. How much variation exists between each measure taken can give you an idea about accuracy. In general, scientists use two types of statistical calculations to measure variability: (1) variance and (2) standard deviation. Variance is a measure of the dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. Variance is a mathematical expectation of the average squared standard deviations from the mean. Variance= Ʃ(x−x)/(N−1) The Standard Deviation is a measure of how spread out the numbers in the data set are. Its symbol is σ (the greek letter sigma). The formula is easy: it is the square root of the Variance. Make sure to read the Simple Statistics link on the website for additional help. 31. Using the values in the Table 5, perform all calculations necessary to obtain the variance and standard deviation for the data set. III. Generation of a class dataset (must be included in the lab report): 1. Combine the numerical data from each group. If there are 6 groups in your class, then each group should have a dataset for fungal amylase and another for human amylase. Therefore, as a class, you should have 6 datasets for each amylase type. 2. Record your results in the log files (one for human and one for fungal amylase). Make sure to include the results of every group in each cell of the table. 14
3. Based on the results of all groups, record the optimal temperature for amylase activity as well as the time for 100% hydrolysis to occur at the optimal temperature in the last two rows of each log file. IV. For homework: 1. Calculate the mean and standard deviation (SD) for each temperature and time for both enzymes. Record these values in the log files. 2. Using the numerical data collected in Tables 2 and 3, create a graph(s) in Excel that addresses the following questions: a. How does temperature affect amylase activity i. You may choose to plot either starch or maltose concentration but make sure that you understand the relationship between the two compounds.. b. Is starch catabolism equally efficient across all temperatures c. Do fungal and human amylases breakdown starch at the same temperature(s) and rate (time to completely hydrolyze starch) d. What is the relationship between starch and maltose concentrations during starch hydrolysis 3. Suggestions for graphing data: a. There is more than one way to present your data graphically. Each graph generated may show different aspects of your data and may explain the relationships between your variables in different ways. The key to figuring out the best way to show a particular relationship is by plotting the data and trying to interpret what the graph illustrates (you may need to plot the data using multiple approaches). b. You do not need a separate graph to answer each of the questions above but you may need to generate more than one graph to address the questions properly. c. When plotting your data, label the axes with a few words describing what is being measured and include units in parentheses [e.g. Time (min)]. Also remember to include a title for your graph. d. If you are plotting more than one variable on a graph, use different colors, symbols, or line patterns to differentiate between variables and create a legend to explain what each color/symbol represents. 4. Questions to consider when examining your data a. Is there a lot of variation between the group data for each time, temperature and amylase type i. What can account for this variation (Hint: consider methodology and experimental errors) b. Is there more variance for certain temperature treatments than for others If so, what factors can explain the variance observed c. What does your data suggest about the optimal temperatures for amylase from the two different sources i. What about the time for hydrolysis 15
Page 1 and 2: Exercise 4: Enzymes _______________
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Page 5 and 6: 4. Differentiate between catabolism
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GENERAL BIOLOGY LAB 1 (BSC1010L)

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