From Conflict to Sustainable Development From Conflict to ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3 Novi Sad During the conflict, several storage tanks and pipelines at Novi Sad oil refinery were damaged and in excess of 70,000 tonnes of crude oil and oil products reportedly burned or leaked into the wastewater collection system and the ground, causing contamination of soil and groundwater. Novi vi Sad, bomb damage at oil refinery Kragujevac The key concerns identified at the Zastava industrial complex, heavily damaged by bombing, were the high concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins detected on the paint hall floor, in the power plant’s transformer station and in the sediments of the Lepenica River. It was estimated that approximately 2,500 kg of PCB oil had leaked from damaged transformers. Kraguje agujevac ac, , bomb damage to Zastava a factor actory Bor At the Bor mining and smelting complex, which had also been targeted by air strikes, the UNEP post-conflict assessment identified localized PCB contamination at the site of a destroyed transformer station but also raised concerns about severe and chronic air pollution in the Bor region as a result of the plant’s long-term operations. Bor, , UNEP assessing contamination risks at transf ansfor ormer station The assessment work was financed by twelve European governments and conducted in close cooperation with the European Commission. 3.4 UNEP’s work on depleted uranium and the Kosovo conflict During the Kosovo conflict NATO had reportedly deployed weapons containing depleted uranium (DU). Responding to widespread public and media concern about the possible environmental and health-related impacts of DU, UNEP immediately launched a desk assessment in partnership with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The aim of this work was to produce an independent, scientific summary of current knowledge about the potential effects of DU and to draw preliminary conclusions concerning general precautionary measures at sites that may have been targeted with DU. The assessment team conducted one fact-finding mission to Kosovo in 1999 and took measurements at a few randomly selected bomb sites, although at that time it was not known whether DU munitions had been used at the locations visited. Conscious of the limitations of such generic findings and the impossibility of conducting more meaningful field investigations in the absence of location data, UNEP formally requested NATO to provide the coordinates of sites targeted with DU munitions. 24 From Conflict to Sustainable Development
As soon as this information was provided by NATO, in July 2000, UNEP began organizing a scientific field mission to DU-targeted sites in Kosovo. This mission took place in November 2000 and was complemented by a further field mission in October 2001 to DUtargeted sites in Serbia and Montenegro. UNEP’s findings from this work – which, like the other components of the post-conflict assessment, was unique in its scope and implementation – were published in two reports: Depleted Uranium in Kosovo: Post-Conflict Environmental Assessment (2001) and Depleted Uranium in Serbia and Montenegro: Post-Conflict Environmental Assessment in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (2002). UNEP ensured that the key findings were communicated directly to the relevant authorities, to the international community, and to the wider public. Some of the main conclusions and recommendations are summarized in the panel on the next page. Map 5. UNEP depleted uranium assessments D r a v a Croatia Sarajevo ADRIATIC SEA Hungary B o s n a S a v a Tuzla Bosnia and Herzegovina D r D r i n a i n a Sombor V Sabac Loznica Pljevlja Kolasin M O N T E N E G R O Podgorica Cetinje Priboj Tirana Subotica Becej Novi Sad Beograd Novi Pazar Zrenjanin S E R B I A Cacak Pancevo Smederevo Kraljevo Prizren Mitrovica Assessment and Clean-up in Serbia and Montenegro o D a n u b e Ta r a j Albania v T K i s z a o d o s I b a r S Dakovica i i n a t n i c a o FYROM M o r a v a Pozarevac Kragujevac Krusevac Prokuplje Pristina v o Leskovac The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Bor Nis Vranje Romania 0 Negotim Pirot 2 000 500 Bulgaria UNEP DU Assessments Visited Sites Elevation (in meters) 1 500 1 000 200 0 Visited Sites 50 100 km Sources: UN Cartographic Section, UNEP/BTF, Bartholomew and Times Books, Institut Géographique Agostini Novara, Times atlas of the world 25 UNEP’S WORK IN SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
Page 1 and 2: From Conflict to Sustainable Develo
Page 3: From Conflict to Sustainable Develo
Page 6 and 7: Foreword As the smoke and dust sett
Page 8 and 9: 1 Introduction 1.1 The Kosovo confl
Page 10 and 11: 1 A combination of fund-raising eff
Page 12 and 13: 1 Summary Conclusions from UNEP’s
Page 14 and 15: 2 Country context 2.1 Geographical
Page 16 and 17: 2 2.3 A new beginning The FRY was o
Page 18 and 19: 2 As described in Chapter 3, air st
Page 20 and 21: 3 UNEP’s Post-Conflict Environmen
Page 22 and 23: 3 Map 4. Sites visited by UNEP Bal
Page 26 and 27: 3 Summary of UNEP’s key conclusio
Page 28 and 29: 4 UNEP’s Feasibility Study 4.1 En
Page 30 and 31: 5 UNEP’s Clean-up Programme - imp
Page 32 and 33: 5 As a result, the project’s init
Page 34 and 35: 5 Working in close cooperation with
Page 36 and 37: 5 The wastewater pre-treatment faci
Page 38 and 39: 5 NOVI SAD Building on the seven pr
Page 40 and 41: 5 Inside of the collector prior ior
Page 42 and 43: 5 In total, 120 tonnes of contamina
Page 44 and 45: 5 • Assessment and reduction of r
Page 46 and 47: 5 However, progress towards LEAP im
Page 48 and 49: 6 Conclusions From 1999 to early 20
Page 50 and 51: 6 6.2 Hand-over and next steps Of e
Page 52 and 53: A UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRA
Page 54 and 55: B Appendix B Financial Information
Page 57 and 58: Further information Copies of this

From Conflict to Sustainable Development From Conflict to ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?