From Conflict to Sustainable Development From Conflict to ...

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6 6.2 Hand-over and next steps Of equal importance to speed and partnership in implementing clean-up actions, is the safeguarding and sustainable transfer of on-the-ground investment, know-how, and institutional capacities. From the beginning, therefore, UNEP has worked with national and local stakeholders with the aim of ensuring a smooth and controlled hand-over to the respective partners. The required follow-up measures at each of the four hot spots have already been carefully assessed and specified in the joint final assessment report. Formal legal arrangements have been made with the Serbian government and with the site owners to transfer overall responsibility for implementation and monitoring of follow-up activities to the government and its environmental authorities. Detailed tasks have been transferred in separate legal documents to the site owners under the auspices of the environmental authorities and local governments. Programme hand-over • Each site-specific project has been handed over to the relevant site owner. Most site owners are state enterprises in the process of restructuring and/or privatization, and face uncertainties in terms of their economic viability. • The Clean-up Programme as a whole was handed over in 2004 to the Serbian authorities, represented by the Ministry for Science and Environmental Protection, which have committed to monitoring the operations of site owners in relation to project investments, and to coordinating follow-up to other environmental cleanup needs identified but yet to be implemented. In spite of recent successes, considerable environmental problems remain at several sites and ongoing efforts are required to strengthen national and local environmental management capacities, to integrate environment into the national development agenda, to promote preventive and precautionary approaches to environmental management, and to build an economic foundation for the country based on the principles of sustainable development. The opportunities exist and the country benefits from a rich natural resource base and a skilled workforce. The ongoing privatization process may offer important new opportunities for investment in environmentally friendlier technologies. The environmental authorities in Serbia and in Montenegro and UNEP have outlined the main environmental challenges at both national and local levels in their Assessment of Environmental ‘hot spots’ (April 2004). UNEP encourages both the national and local authorities, as well as the industrial sector, to find means of implementing the recommendations contained in that report. While the responsibility for ensuring a sound and healthy environment rests within the country, strengthening environmental authorities and policies will be important while striving to fulfil these obligations. The international community should continue to provide Serbia and Montenegro with environmental assistance and support. Although its post-conflict activities and environmental Clean-up Programme in Serbia and Montenegro are now reaching a conclusion, UNEP looks forward to continuing its cooperation with Serbia and Montenegro, though the UNEP Regional Office for Europe. The focus for the ongoing partnership will be on policy areas such as multilateral nvironmental agreements and environmental security. 50 From Conflict to Sustainable Development
Appendix A References, Bibliography and Internet Sources A References: 1. Feasibility Study, 2000. Project outlines available at: http://postconflict.unep.ch/ 2. See Assessment of Environmental ‘hot spots’, from conflict to sustainability, Serbia & Montenegro, UNEP in cooperation with Ministry for Science and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Serbia and Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning of the Republic of Montenegro, April 2004. 3. Extension of the NIS-RNS wastewater collector has been addressed through a European Bank of Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) soft loan to the City of Novi Sad. Construction works are to be completed in spring 2004. 4. See Assessment of Environmental ‘hot spots’, from conflict to sustainability, Serbia & Montenegro, UNEP in cooperation with Ministry for Science and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Serbia and Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning of the Republic of Montenegro, April 2004. 5. See Assessment of Environmental ‘hot spots’, from conflict to sustainability, Serbia & Montenegro, UNEP in cooperation with Ministry for Science and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Serbia and Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning of the Republic of Montenegro, April 2004. Bibliography: UNITED NATIONS ECONONIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE, 2003. UNECE Environmental Performance Reviews, Yugoslavia. UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME, 1999. UNEP Final Report: The Kosovo Conflict : Consequences for the Environment & Human Settlements. UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME, 1999. UNEP Desk Study: The potential effects on human health and the environment arising from possible use of depleted uranium during the 1999 Kosovo conflict. UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME, 2000. UNEP Feasibility Study: Pilot projects, post-conflict humanitarian clean-up, UNEP/BTF UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME, 2000. UNEP Feasibility Study: Project Proposals and Descriptions for ‘hot spots’ in Pancevo UNEP/BTF. UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME, 2000. UNEP Feasibility Study: Project Proposals and Descriptions for ‘hot spots’ in Novi Sad, UNEP/BTF. UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME, 2000. UNEP Feasibility Study: Project Proposals and Descriptions for ‘hot spots’ in Bor, UNEP/BTF. Assessment and Clean-up in Serbia and Montenegro 51
Page 1 and 2: From Conflict to Sustainable Develo
Page 3: From Conflict to Sustainable Develo
Page 6 and 7: Foreword As the smoke and dust sett
Page 8 and 9: 1 Introduction 1.1 The Kosovo confl
Page 10 and 11: 1 A combination of fund-raising eff
Page 12 and 13: 1 Summary Conclusions from UNEP’s
Page 14 and 15: 2 Country context 2.1 Geographical
Page 16 and 17: 2 2.3 A new beginning The FRY was o
Page 18 and 19: 2 As described in Chapter 3, air st
Page 20 and 21: 3 UNEP’s Post-Conflict Environmen
Page 22 and 23: 3 Map 4. Sites visited by UNEP Bal
Page 24 and 25: 3 Novi Sad During the conflict, sev
Page 26 and 27: 3 Summary of UNEP’s key conclusio
Page 28 and 29: 4 UNEP’s Feasibility Study 4.1 En
Page 30 and 31: 5 UNEP’s Clean-up Programme - imp
Page 32 and 33: 5 As a result, the project’s init
Page 34 and 35: 5 Working in close cooperation with
Page 36 and 37: 5 The wastewater pre-treatment faci
Page 38 and 39: 5 NOVI SAD Building on the seven pr
Page 40 and 41: 5 Inside of the collector prior ior
Page 42 and 43: 5 In total, 120 tonnes of contamina
Page 44 and 45: 5 • Assessment and reduction of r
Page 46 and 47: 5 However, progress towards LEAP im
Page 48 and 49: 6 Conclusions From 1999 to early 20
Page 52 and 53: A UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRA
Page 54 and 55: B Appendix B Financial Information
Page 57 and 58: Further information Copies of this

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