EGNOS, enabling safer and more efficient flight operation

EGNOS, enabling safer and more
efficient approach operation
Growing Galileo
27 jan 09
Okko F. Bleeker
Director, European R&D
© 2006 Rockwell Collins, Inc. All rights reserved.

Main Flight control functions and allocations
Aircraft sensors
(current state vector)
Reference
trajectory
FMS
(Flt Mgmt System)
Position in space
Velocity Vector
Attitude
Δ
Δ
Δ
Δ
AFCS
(Autopilot)
Flight Control
System
(conventional
or FBW)
The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.
2/22

Aircraft sensors
(current state vector)
Reference
trajectory
FMS
(Flt Mgmt System)
Position in space
Velocity Vector
Attitude
Δ
Δ
Δ
Δ
AFCS
(Autopilot)
Flight Control
System
(conventional
or FBW)
The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.
3/22

Reference trajectory - RT
• The path that the FMS guides the aircraft to
• Must be the “right” path
– Inaccuracy aircraft mis-positioning (1:1)
– Selecting the ‘wrong’ reference path aircraft ends up [accurately] at the
wrong position
• Must be of the proper resolution
– A target position as wide as a football field
– Will get the aircraft “accurately anywhere” inside that space
• Must be properly retained and processed by the FMS
– Data base pre-cautions; CRC/wrappers to enable integrity verification
• Must be properly designed and constructed
– To reflect the desired procedure
– Incl. any obstacle clearance requirement
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4/22

RNP, Baro VNAV, ultimately LPV
LPV ref traj
Vertical
containment
minimums
RNP
Lateral
containment
FACF
FAF
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5/22

RNP, Baro VNAV, ultimately LPV
RNP
LPV ref traj
Vertical
containment
FACF
Lateral
containment
FAF
minimums
Going lower
Tighter required lateral
containment
Requiring vertical containment
More solution integrity
• Coupling between lateral and
obstacle clearance
• Minimums governed by:
– Best available containment
– Best available solution integrity
• Re: proximity to surface
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6/22

LPV, vertical path definition
• LPV is a geometric path projection
– similar to ILS Glideslope, temperature
independent
– Angular Full Scale (FS) Deviation is +/- 0.25 *
Glide Path Angle (GPA)
– FS dev limited to +/- 500’ linear, then angular,
then +/- 50’ linear
Baro VNAV
• Affected by temperature
variations
• Requires corresponding
tolerances
• Increases minimums
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7/22

Aircraft sensors
(current state vector)
Reference
trajectory
F
(Flt Mgmt Syste
Position in space
Velocity Vector
Attitude
Δ
Δ
Δ
Δ
AF
(Autopi
Flight Cont
Syst
(conventio
or FB
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8/22

FMS - Position estimation
• GNSS position
– Requires integrity to outweigh VOR, DME in the position fixing equatione
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9/22

Why SBAS is important (1/3)
GPS
US
EUMEA
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10/22

Why SBAS is important (2/3)
US
The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.
EUMEA
• Minimum 4 pseudo
ranges for a fix
• >4: over-
determination
– 5-6: Fault Detection (FD)
– 6-8: Fault Detection &
Exclusion (FDE)
• This scheme: RAIM
– Receiver-autonomous
integrity monitoring
– Requires 6-86
8 visible
satellites
– In good constellation
• Requires RAIM
‘forecast’
– To assure FDE will be
available
– If not, alternative pos
determination
11/22

Why SBAS is important (3/3)
GPS
WAAS
EGNOS
US
• SBAS uplinks data on integrity and accuracy
– Therefore over-determination of the fix is not needed
– While providing wide area differential error correction
• Result: better availability of high accuracy solution with integrity
– Thus avoiding need for RAIM and RAIM forecast
• pre flight, en-route
EUMEA
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12/22

SBAS - Current and Future SBAS Service Providers
• WAAS
– Wide Area Augmentation
System, U.S.A.
– With participation by Canada
and Mexico
• EGNOS
– European Geostationary
Navigation Overlay Service -
European Union
• MSAS
– MTSAT Satellite
Augmentation Service - Japan
• GAGAN
– GPS and GEO Augmented
Navigation - India
• SNAS
– Satellite Navigation
Augmentation System - China
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13/22

EGNOS functions and present performance
Source: ESA
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14/22

Future, dual-constellation situation
GPS
Galileo
WAAS
EGNOS
US
EUMEA
• GPS and Galileo will both provide global coverage
• Overall improved performance
– Signal availability, masking properties, SIS/atmospherics (spectral windows)
– Control function redundancy
The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.
15/22

Main Flight control functions and allocations
1. Reference trajectory
– FAS data block
– incl integrity protection
2. Position in space
– SBAS augmented GNSS fixing
– Better availability at good integrity
3. FMS software
– Level B design/approval
– Consistent with increased dependability for LPV
enabling Localizer
Performance with
Vertical guidance
(LPV)
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16/22

Summary available minimums
Approach altitude-range plot
alt (ft)
3000
2500
2000
1500
2516
2264
2012
1761
1509
1258
RNP minimums
600-400 ft
RNP-BaroVNAV
Minimums
400-350 ft
altitude AGL
1000
1006
500
755
503
252
RNP/LPV minimums
350-200 ft
0
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0
FACF
dist to touchdown zone (naut mi)
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17/22

FMS guidance functions
• Main LPV functionality
• Abnormal conditions
– Sensor-FMS disagree
– GNSS reverted
– Loss of GNSS navigation
– LPV not available
• Reversion to LNAV/Baro
VNAV
– Incl. higher minimums
• FMS SW certified to DO178B level B
– Controlled SW design process
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18/22

GIANT - EGNOS LPV demonstrations, aug-sep 08
Valencia, Bologna; aug-sep 08
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19/22

LPV Approach – availability
• Initial availability: Bombardier
Challenger series
– Nov 08, TSO and STC
• Deliveries beginning 2008
– Certification effort required for each
aircraft type
• Working active FMS upgrade
implementation Programs
– Multiple aircraft manufacturers
– Supporting roadmapping activities with
others
• Actively planning for aftermarket
solutions
– Including Air Transport applications
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20/22

GIANT concurrent work with FAA, NavCanada
Status USA: >1400 published LPV approaches (15jan09)
TOTAL LPV'S Pub'd a/o 01/15/2009 1445
LPV's w/less than 250' HAT 73
LPV's to ILS RWYs 613
LPV's to Non-ILS RWYs 832
LPV's to Non-ILS ARPTs 536
LPV's to Part 139 ARPTs 725
LPV's to Part 139 ARPTs w/ILS 697
LPV's to Part 139 ARPTs w/No ILS 28
LPV's to Non-Part 139 Arpts 720
LPV's to Non-Part 139 Arpts w/ILS 213
LPV's to Non Part 139 ARPTs w/No ILS 508
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21/22 21/20

Summary and conclusion
• GNS-4000 S
– to FFF replace GNS-4000 A
• Antenna change
– FFF compatible change
– Was not performed for the demo
• FMC change to LVP: SW update /card swap
– ProLine IAPS card cage
• IOC: card swap
– ProLine IAPS card cage
• Mod change effort is minimal
– All up approx 3 hrs, incl testing
– Ex antenna
Major functional improvement
• Cat I equivalent MDA, any airport, any runway in EGNOS service areaa
– No ground provisions required (in service area)
– Covering >95% of all approach rqmts
– Incl. full AFCS, EFIS integration
• At improved availability
– RAIM not needed
• Reduces direct ops cost
– RAIM forecast not needed
• Equipment Interoperable
– WAAS-EGNOS
The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.
22/22