EIA Report Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill Project, Hanoi ... - OeKB

SUPPLEMENTARY EIA REPORT FOR THANH HOA PULP & PAPER MILL PROJECT 

THANH HOA PAPER JS COMPANY 

EIA REPORT 

THANH HOA PULP & PAPER MILL PROJECT 

PROJECTOR 

CONSULTING COMPANY 

Hanoi, 2011

SUPPLEMENTARY EIA REPORT FOR THANH HOA PULP AND PAPER MILL PROJECT 

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 

EIA 

SEIA 

MONRE 

COD 

BOD 

TSS 

TS 

TDS 

DO 

- 

NO 2 

- 

NO 3 

+ 

NH 4 

BCTMP 

BHKP 

BSKP 

FBB 

LPG 

THPPM 

Environmental Impacts Assessment 

Supplementary Environmental Impacts Assessment 

Ministry of natural resource and environment 

Chemical oxygen demand 

Biochemical Oxygen Demand 

Total Suspended Solids 

Total Solids 

Total Dissolved Solids 

Dissolved Oxygen 

Nitrite 

Nitrate 

Ammonium 

Bleached Chemical Thermal Mechanical Pulp 

Bleached Hardwood Kraft Pulp 

Bleached Softwood Kraft Pulp 

Folding Box Board 

Liquefied Petroleum Gas 

Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill 

PROJECT OWNER: THANH HOA PAPER JOINT STOCK COMPANY 

CONSULTING AGENCY FOR BUILD -UP EIA: INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY - VAST 

No. 18C, Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam. 

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TABLE OF CONTENT 

Order Content Page 

A 

INTRODUCTION 1 

TECHNICAL AND LEGAL BASES OF THE 

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT 

IMPLEMENTATION 

A.1 Legal framework of EIA 2 

A.2 Vietnam Standards and National Technical Regulations on 

Environmental Protection 

A.3 Scientific Bases of EIA and other documents 5 

B EIA METHODOLOGIES 6 

C 

IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATION OF BUILDING UP 

EIA REPORT 

C.1 Implementation Organization 7 

C.2 Participate members 8 

1 PROJECT NAME 10 

2 PROJECT OWNER 11 

2.1 EX- PROJECT OWNER 11 

2.1.1 The Owner 11 

2.1.2 Project Administration 11 

2.2 THE NEW PROJECT OWNER 11 

2.3 REASONS FOR CHANGE 11 

3 PROJECT LOCATION 14 

3.1 LOCATION OF THE MAIN PLANT 14 

3.2 LOCATION OF THE WASTE DUMP 15 

4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT CHANGES 16 

4.1 BRIEF MAJOR CHANGES OF PROJECT 16 

4.2 CHANGES IN THE SCALE, DESIGNED CAPACITY AND 

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF ADJUSTED PROJECT 

4.2.1 Changes in scale and capacity of product categories 21 

4.2.2 Changes in scale and capacity of product categories 22 

4.2.3 Changes in demand for raw materials, fuel and chemicals 22 

2 

4 

7 

21 




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4.2.4 Technical and technological method of adjusted project 23 

4.2.5 Other changes of project 39 

5 CHANGES IN NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SCIO- 

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 

5.1 CHANGES IN NATURAL CONDITIONS IN THE PROJECT 

AREA 

5.1.1 Meteorological characteristic 43 

5.1.2 Topography characteristic 43 

5.1.3 Hydrological characteristic 43 

5.1.4 Geological Characteristics 44 

5.2 CHANGES IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS IN THE PROJECT 

AREA 

5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS CHANGES OF THE PROJECT 

AREA 

5.3.1 The status of microclimate 45 

5.3.2 Air Quality Status 45 

5.3.3 Noisy Status in the Project area 48 

5.3.4 Status of Water quality 50 

5.3.5 Status of Soil quality 56 

5.4 ECOSYSTEM STATUS IN PROJECTED AREA 57 

6 CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 

ASSESSMENT AND MEASURES TO REDUCE THE 

NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT 

6.1 CHANGES IN EIA 58 

6.1.1 Source of impacts 58 

6.1.2 Environment Impact Assessment 60 

6.1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment in Operation Period 67 

6.2 MINIMIZATION MEASURE FOR NEGATIVE IMPACTS, 

PREVENTION AND DEALING WITH ENVIRONMENTAL 

INCIDENTS 

6.2.1 Minimization measure for negative impacts, prevention and dealing 

with environmental incidents construction period 

6.2.2 Minimization measure for environmental pollution during operation 

process of plant 

43 

43 

44 

44 

58 

92 

92 

96 




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7 CHANGES OF PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL 

MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING 

7.1 PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 108 

7.1.1 Program of environmental management 108 

7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 110 

7.2.1 Construction stage 111 

8 OTHER CHANGES 119 

9 CONCLUSION 121 

9.1 CONCLUSION 121 

9.2 PROPOSALS 123 

9.3 COMMITMENT 124 

9.3.1 Construction stage 124 

9.3.2 Operation stage 125 

10 ANNEX: LOCATION OF PULP AND PAPER MILL, 

LAYOUT, GENERAL TECHNICAL FLOWSHEETS, 

POSITION OF SAMPLES INTAKE, SLOW SHEET OF 

SLUDGE POND, POSITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL 

SUPERVISING POINT DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE, 

POSITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISING POINT 

DURING OPERATION STAGE 

108 

127 




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INTRODUCTION 

The Environmental Impacts Assessment (EIA) of the THANH HOA PULP AND 

PAPER MILL Project has been approved by Ministry of Natural Resource and 

Environment (MONRE) in Decision No.1008/QD-BTNMT dated May 15, 2008. This 

supplementary EIA is complemented in order to evaluate environmental impacts 

caused by technical changing which are given in the reformed THANH HOA PULP 

AND PAPER MILL Project. The reformation of this project is caused by some 

changes in: Personal proprietor, major technologies, capacity of plant and project 

implementation progress from the reassessment of material sources, main products, 

etc. 

Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock Company was established after obtaining the 

consent of the Government in Document No. 2000/VPCP-CN on 03/28/2008 of The 

Government Office informed about the opinion of the Deputy Prime Minister Hoang 

Trung Hai agreed to Vietnam Paper Corporation (VINAPACO) establish joint stock 

company. Joint Stock Company decided to adjust and develop the prescribed Thanh 

Hoa Pulp and Paper mill Project. 

The Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock Company receipt, adjustment and development 

of investment projects to build Thanh Hoa pulp and paper mill is to efficiently exploit 

the work item has been made by VINAPACO from 2003 to present (2010). The 

factory production will provide many kinds of high quality carton (Folding Box Board 

– FBB) to meet fast-rising demands in domestic market and towards for exporting. 

Besides creating profit for their shareholders, the project is expected to get national 

and local socio-economic targets as follows: 

- Restrict (limit) the export of raw material (wood chip); 

- Create jobs and income for forest growers and workers at the plant; 

- Create products have added value is relatively high, which can not be produced 

as FBB and to reduce import demand of FBB. 

The capacities of the plant: 

- Bleached Chemical Thermal Mechanical Pulp: 100,000 tons per year. 

- FBB: 180,000 tons per year 

Under the provisions of current laws on environmental protection, the Thanh Hoa 

Paper and Pulp mill Project due to changes in capacity, technology so it has to build up 

an additional report on environmental impact assessment. Thanh Hoa Paper Joint 


CONSULTING AGENCY FOR BUILD - UP EIA: INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY - VAST 

No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam. 

Tel: +84.4.376 22591 Fax: +84.4.376 28405 

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Stock Company cooperated with the Institute of Environmental Technology for 

making this additional report on environmental impact assessment for the Project. 

A. TECHNICAL AND LEGAL BASES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL 

IMPACTS ASSESSMENT IMPLEMENTATION 

A.1 Legal framework of EIA 

- Law No.52/2005/QH dated November 29, 2005 of National Assembly of The 

Socialist Republic of Vietnam on environmental protection; 

- Law No.8/1998/QH, dated May 20, 1998 of National Assembly of The Socialist 

Republic of Vietnam on Water resources protection; 

- Law No.13/2003/QH11 dated December 10, 2003 of the National Assembly of The 

Socialist Republic of Vietnam on Land; 

- Law No.33/2005/QH11 dated June 14, 2005 of the National Assembly of The 

Socialist Republic of Vietnam on Civil; 

- Law No.16/2003/QH11 dated November 26, 2003 of the National Assembly of 

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam on Construction; 

- Decree No.80/2006/ND-CP dated August 09, 2006 of Government detailing and 

guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on environmental 

protection; 

- Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP dated February 28, 2008 of Government amending and 

supplementing a number of articles of the Government’s Decree No. 80/2006/ND- 

CP dated August 09, 2006, detailing and guiding on implementation of a number of 

articles of the National law on environmental protection; 

- Decree No.117/2009/ND-CP dated December 31, 2009 of Government on the 

handling of law violations in the domain of environmental protection; 

- Decree No.59/2007/ND-CP, dated April 09, 2007 of Government on solid waste 

management; 

- Circular No.05/2008/TT-BTNMT dated December 8, 2008 of the Ministry of 

Natural Resources and Environment guiding strategic environmental assessment, 

environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment; 

- Circular No.12/2006/TT-BTNMT dated December 26, 2006 of Ministry of Natural 

Resources and Environment guiding the practice conditions, procedures for 

compilation of dossiers, registration and licensing of practice and hazardous waste 

management identification numbers; 

- Decision No.23/2006/QD-BTNMT dated December 26, 2006 of the Ministry of 




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Natural Resources and Environment on promulgating list of hazardous waste; 

- Circular No.13/2009/TT-BTNMT dated August 18, 2009 of Ministry of Natural 

Resources and Environment on promulgating regulation of establishment and 

operation of Board for assessment of Master EIA report and Board for assessment 

of EIA report; 

- Decree No.22/1998/ND-CP dated April 24, 1998 of the Government on 

compensations for damage when the state recovers land for use in purposes of 

national defense, security, national interests and public interests; 

- Decision No.04/2008/QD-BTNMT dated July 18, 2008 of Ministry of Natural 

Resources and Environment on promulgating national technical regulations on 

environmental protection; 

- Decision No.16/2008/QD-BTNMT dated December 31, 2008 of Ministry of 

Natural Resources and Environment on promulgating National technical 

regulations on environmental protection; 

- Circular No. 16/2009/TT-BTNMT dated October 07, 2009 of Ministry of Natural 

Resources and Environment on guiding the implementation of National technical 


- Circular No.25/2009/TT-BTNMT dated November 16, 2009 of Ministry of Natural 








regulations on environmental protection: QCVN 30: 2010/BTNMT- National 

technical regulation on emmission of Industrial Waste Incinerators. 

- Decree 99/2007/ND-CP dated June 13, 2007 of Government, and details in 

Circular No.05/2007/TT-BXD dated July 25, 2007 of Ministry of Construction on 

guiding formulation and management capital in investment and construction 

project; 

- Decree No.12/2009/ND-CP dated February 10, 2009 of Government on 

promulgating regulation of management of investment and construction project; 

- Circular No.02/2007/TT-BXD dated February 14, 2007 of Ministry of 

Construction on guiding of formulation, assessment, approval, management and 

implementation of investment and construction project; 

- Decree No.149/2004/ND-CP dated July 27, 2004 of the Government on the 




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issuance of permits for water resource exploration, exploitation and use, or for 

discharge of wastewater into water source; 

- Circular No.02/2005/TT-BTNMT dated June 24, 2005 of Minister of Ministry of 

Natural Resources and Environment guiding the implementation of Decree 

No.149/2004/ND-CP dated July 27, 2004 of the Government; 

- Circular No.08/2009/TT-BTNMT of Minister of Ministry of Natural Resources and 

Environment on regulation on management and protection of Environment in 

economic zone, high technological zone and industrial zones. 

- TCVN - 7957-2008: Drainage - Outside Drainage Network - Designed criteria. 

- TCXDVN 33:2006 Water supply - Pipe network system - Designed criteria; 

- TCXDVN 320-2004 - Hazardous Landfill Site - Designed criteria; 

- TCXDVN 261-2001: Solid waste Landfill Site - Designed Criteria. 

- And, regulations of Thanh Hoa province on environmental protection. 

A.2 Vietnam Standards and National Technical Regulations on 

Environmental Protection 

- QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on the allowable limits of 

heavy metals in the soil; 

- QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality; 

- QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on hazardous substances 

in ambient air; 

- QCVN 07: 2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on hazardous thresholds; 

- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality; 

- QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT- National technical regulation on underground water 

quality; 

- QCVN 12:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on effluent of pulp and 

paper mill; 

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic wastewater; 

- QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on pesticides residues in 

the soil; 

- QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on Industrial emission of 

inorganic substances and dust; 

- QCVN 20: 2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Industrial Emission 




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of Organic Substances; 

- QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial wastewater; 

- TCVN 6707-2009: Hazardous Waste – Prevention and warning signs for hazardous 

waste; 

- TCVN 5949-1998: Acoustics – Noise in public and residential areas – maximum 

permitted noise level; 

- TCVN 6962:2001 - Vibration and Shake by constructive and industrial activities - 

maximum permitted levels in public and residential areas; 

- Standards are promulgated by Decision No.3733/2002/QD-BYT dated October 10, 

2002 of Minister of Ministry of Public Health such as: 21 standards of sanitary 

working areas, 5 principles and 7 parameters of environment in working areas and 

others; 

- Other Vietnam Standards and National Technical Regulations on sampling and 

analyzing of water quality (includes: surface water, underground water and 

wastewater) as well as air quality and exhausted air, and on measuring noise. 

A.3 Scientific Bases of EIA and other documents 

- Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock Company, Hanoi, March 2010. Report on 

Adjustment of Project of Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill; 

- Vietnam Paper Corporation, Hanoi, October 2006. Report on Adjustment of 

Project of Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill; 

- Vietnam Paper Corporation, Documents of detail technical designs and technology 

of Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill (Vol. 1, 2, 3 and 4); 

- Bai Bang Paper Company, 2004. Report on Environmental Impact Assessment of 

Project of “Expanding Bai Bang Paper Company - Phase 1, with annual 

production capacity of 68,000 tons of bleached chemical pulp and 100,000 tons of 

paper”; 

- Bai Bang Paper Company, 2004. Report on Environmental Impact Assessment of 

Project of “Expanding Bai Bang Paper Company - Phase 2, with annual production 

capacity of 250,000 tons of bleached chemical pulp 

- Bai Bang Paper Company-Vietnam Paper Corporation, 1999. Report on 

Environmental Impact Assessment of Project of “Tissue paper machine”; 

- Vietnam Paper Corporation, 2006. Report on Environmental Impact Assessment 

of Project of “De-inking pulp workshop with production capacity of 20,000 tons 

per year”; 

- Le Trinh, Environmental Impact Assessment (method and implementation). The 

Scientific and Technical Publisher. 2000; 




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- World Health Organization, 1993. Assessment of sources of Air, Water, and Land 

Pollution - A guide to rapid source inventory techniques and their use in 

Formulating Environmental Control Strategies – Geneva; 

- http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/v9933e/v9933E03.htm - The EIA in the Pulp and 

Paper Industry. 19/3/2007; 

- World Bank Group - Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook - Effective 

July 1998; 

- http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/v9933e/v9933E03.htm - Environmental impact 

assessment and environmental auditing in the pulp and paper industry; 

- Contract No.34/2010/HĐ-GTH signed May 5, 2010 of Institute of Environmental 

Technology and Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock Company on build up EIA report for 

project of “Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill”. 

B. EIA METHODOLOGIES 

Some methods are used for preparing the EIA additional Report for “Thanh Hoa 

Pulp and Paper Mill Project”, details as follows: 

- Static method: is used for interpretation and assessing of meteorological, 

hydrological (such as flow and water level) and socio-economic data in the project 

area. 

- Supplement monitoring and survey in field method and laboratory analytical 

method are used for determination of environmental parameters, including air, 

water, underground water, soil, noise, ecosystem and socio-economic status of 

households in the project area. 

- Rapid assessment method is used for estimation of pollution loads from the 

project’s activities including solid wastes (construction waste; solid waste from 

chips preparation, coal ash from boiler), wastewater (refining, bleaching, washing 

and other activities…), pollutants and dust in exhausted gases, and noise. 

- The mathematical models are used for forecasting impacted scale and level that 

caused by hypothetical scenarios of emitted gases to ambient air and as well as 

effluent to local aquatic area when operating the project. The calculation on 

spreading of pollutants in Len river flow has been done. 

- Sociology method is used for public hearing by interviewing local leaders and 

people, living around the project area such as fisherman often working in Len 

River, households in directly and indirectly impact by the project. 

- Comparison method, based on Vietnam Standards and National Technical 

Regulations in force, is used for pollution assessment. 

- Matrix method is used for assessing integrated impacts to natural and socioeconomic 

status that appropriate with different implementing scenarios of project. 




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- Professional methods are used to estimation and assessment of pollution scenarios 

and proposals of eliminating pollution by the project. 

C. IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATION OF BUILDING UP EIA 

REPORT 

C.1. Implementation Organization 

The additional report on environmental impact assessment of “Thanh Hoa Pulp 

and Paper Mill Project” is carried out by Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock Company with 

consultation of Institute of Environmental Technology (IET). The detail information of 

Consulting Agency for EIA Report is shown as follows: 

Director: Dr. Nguyen Hoai Chau 

Implementer: MSc. Ta Dang Toan 

Address: Building A30, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay district, Ha Noi 

city, Vietnam 

Tell: + 84 4 37622591 Fax: + 84 4 37628405 

The revised EIA report has been conducted by experienced experts about pulp and 

paper technology, air and water pollution control, environmental technology, 

analytical chemistry, ecological environment and environmental management 

implementation. The revised environmental impact assessment is carried out according 

to the following steps: 

− Research synthesis of data related to projects such as: Reports of investment 

projects " Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper mill", technical design documents 

− Develop reports that provide information the portfolio, the environmental 

problems and solutions for environmental protection of projects submitted to 

the People's Committee and Fatherland Front Committee of the Ward where 

projects implementation and comments are proposed. 

− Survey Groups are established for collecting data on natural geographical 

features, climatic characteristics, hydrological and socio-economic conditions at 

the project implementation area. 

− Environmental experts group are establishes with specialized equipment to 

conduct the measurement, sampling and analysis of the environmental quality 

of air, water, eco ... according to the determined position to judge price 

fluctuations in regional environmental quality of project implementation since 

the approval decision to the time of making supplement report on EIA. 

− A calculation suitable model has been selected to the diffusion and spread of 

pollutants caused by emissions and waste water in the air and water 

environments. 

− Finally, synthesis, processing all information and data from the above process 




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are conducted, and building additional report on EIA is edited with content as 

follows: 

1. The project’s name 

2. Project owner 

3. Geographic location of the project; 

4. Changes in the contents of the project: 

4.1. Change of venue provision; 

4.2. Changes in size, design capacity; 

4.3. Changes in production technology; 

4.4. Changes in raw materials and fuel production; 

4.5. Other changes. 

5. Changes in status of natural environment and socio-economic factors, the 

project region. 

6. Changes in environmental impacts and the mitigation of negative impacts 

of the project. 

7. Changes in management program and environmental monitoring of the 

project. 

8. Other changes. 

9. Conclusion. 

C.2. Participate members 

Report on environmental impact assessment of “Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill 

Project” is carried by professional experts who are working in different fields such as 

environmental management, environmental technology, water supply and sewerage, 

chemical environment, ecology, hydrology, papermaking technology, and 

mathematical models. Some members mainly participate to carry out the report of 

EIA, including as follows: 

Table 1: List of key member conduct EIA 

No Name Title Institutions 

1 MSc. Ta Dang Toan Surface water hydrology & 

Environmental Management 

Institute of 

Environmental 

Technology (IET) 

2 Dr. Dam Quang Tho Air quality modeling "ditto" 

3 Dr. Trinh Van Tuyen Environmental Technology "ditto" 




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No Name Title Institutions 

4 Dr. Nguyen Minh Son Water quality modeling "ditto" 

5 MSc. Phan Minh Chau Environmental Management "ditto" 

6 Eng. Le Mai Thao Water supply and sewerage "ditto" 

7 MSc. Nguyen Anh Thao Waste water treatment 

technology 

"ditto" 

8 BSc. Tran Thanh Than Ecology "ditto" 

9 MSc. Vu Van Tu Chemical analysis "ditto" 

10 Eng. Nguyen Tuyet Van Chemical analysis "ditto" 

11 Dr. Nguyen Thi Hue Chemical analysis "ditto" 

12 BSc. Le Luong Doan Biology "ditto" 

13 Eng. Pham Trong Dat Surface water hydrology and 

Environment 

"ditto" 

14 BSc. Nguyen Quang Nam Environment Center for Hydro- 

Meteorological and 

Environmental 

Station Network 

15 Ass. Prof. Dr. Ho Thanh Hai Ecology Institute of Ecology 

and Biological 

Resources (IEBR) 

16 MSc. Le Hung Anh Ecology "ditto" 

17 BSc. Do Van Tu Ecology "ditto" 

18 Dr. Hoang Quoc Lam Papermaking technology Thanh Hoa Paper 

Joint Stock 

Company 

19 Eng. Duong Danh Kien Papermaking technology Thanh Hoa Paper 

Joint Stock 

Company 




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Project name has not changed: 

1. PROJECT NAME 

PROJECT: “THANH HOA PULP AND PAPER MILL” 




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2. PROJECT OWNER 

Project owner has changed, details as follow: 

2.1 EX- PROJECT OWNER 

2.1.1 The owner: 

- Vietnam Paper Corporation (VINAPACO) 

- Address: No.25A, Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi 

- Tel: +84 4 3 8210454 

- Fax: + 84 4 3 8260381 

2.1.2 Project Management Unit (PMU) 

- Thanh Hoa pulp and Paper Mill Project Management Unit 

- Address: Chau Loc Commune, Hau Loc District, Thanh Hoa Province 

- Tel: +84 4 3 7223182 - +84 3 724482 

- Fax: + 84 4 37223183 

2.2 THE NEW PROJECT OWNER: 

− Project Owner : Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock Company; 

− Address : 201 Minh Khai Street, Hai Ba Trung district, Hanoi 

− Tel : + 84 4 36320690 

− Fax : + 84 4 36320691 

− Representative person : Dr. Hoang Quoc Lam Title: Director. 

− Agency approving the project and decision for investment: Thanh Hoa Paper 

Joint Stock Company. 

2.3 REASONS OF CHANGE 

Thanh Hoa Paper and Pulp Mill Project is established based on legal grounds as 

follows: 

- Decision No.868/QD-TTg dated October 01, 2002 of Prime Minister approves 

Project of “Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill”; 

- Document No.1195/TTg-CN dated August 03, 2006 of Prime Minister adjusts 

Project of “Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill”; 

- Decision No.223/2003/QD-TTg dated November 03, 2003 of Prime Minister for 




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approval of Project on Investment for developing the cultivation area of raw 

material for Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill; 

- Decision No.73/2004/QD-BCN dated August 06, 2004 of Minister of Ministry of 

Industry (nowadays, Ministry of Industry and Trade) on establishing Thanh Hoa 

Raw Material Company; 

- Document No.1195/TTg-CN dated August 03, 2006 of Government Office 

promulgates the opinion of Prime Minister agreed to allow some adjustment of 

contents and methods for bidding of Project of Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill; 

- Decision No.135/QD-GVN.HN dated October 17, 2006 of Board of Directors of 

Vietnam Paper Corporation on approving Report on Adjustment of Project of 

Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill; 

- Document No.923/TTg-ĐMDN dated June 09, 2009 of Government Office 

promulgates the opinion of Prime Minister agreed to allow Vietnam Paper 

Corporation to reorganize Thanh Hoa Raw Material Company; 

- Decision No.2269/QD-BCN dated July 02, 2007 of Minister of Ministry of 

Industry on approving adjustment of Project of Investment for developing the 

cultivation area of raw material for Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill; 

- Decision No.2775/2007/QD-UB dated September 12, 2007 of People‘s Committee 

of Thanh Hoa on approving survey result and planning to develop three types of 

forest in Thanh Hoa for duration from the year 2006 to 2015; 

- Document No.2000/VPCP-CN dated March 28, 2008 of Government Office 

promulgates the opinion of Deputy Prime Minister Hoang Trung Hai agreed to 

allow Vietnam Paper Corporation to establish Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock 

Company. Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock Company is entitled to adjust and 

implement Project of Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill as prescribed; 

- Official Certificate of Land Use Rights No.AM 284047 dated May 21, 2008 of 

Thanh Hoa People's Committee gives the rights for Vietnam Paper Corporation; 

- Resolution dated January 20, 2010 of Board of Directors of Thanh Hoa Paper Joint 

Stock Company; 

- Resolution dated March 19, 2010 of The Founding Shareholder’s Meeting of 

Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock Company. 

The project was delayed after many years of development, present new project is 

finished the mill site levelling and the construction of the office building. The project 

is behind schedule due to many reasons including the causes of subjective and 

objective reasons Vietnam Paper Corporation have consulted the Government's 

direction. In documents No. 2000/VPCP-CN dated 28/03/2008 of the Government 

Office has informed opinion of the Deputy Prime Minister Hoang Trung Hai agreed to 




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Vietnam Paper Corporation to establish Joint Stock Company. Joint Stock Company 

decided to adjust and develop the Thanh Hoa pulp and paper Mill Project, according to 

regulations. 

Date 05/06/2009, Thanh Hoa Paper Joint stock Company was established under 

the business registration license No. 2801395184 of the Department of Planning and 

Investment of Thanh Hoa province, re-register once on 26/03/2010 and changes the 

business registration license No. 0103044974 by the Department of Planning and 

Investment Department of Hanoi, with 04 shareholders including Vietnam Paper 

Corporation, Vietnam Trade and Construction Corporation (Vietracimex), BOT 

Vietracimex No.8 JSC and Nhat Thang VNT7 JSC. According to the resolutions of the 

Board of Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock Company on 20/01/2010 and the resolution of 

the founding shareholders of Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock Company dated 

19/03/2010, Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock Company will be the project investor of 

Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill and now works for the investment project are being 

conducted smoothly. 




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3. PROJECT LOCATION 

Location of the project has not changed. The mill locates at Chau Loc commune, 

Hau Loc district, Thanh Hoa province. The factory was built on 02 separated land 

areas including the mill site and the waste dump. The specific locations of the areas as 

follows (See location details on Figure 1 in the Article 10: Annex). 

3.1 Location of main plant site 

The detailed location of main plant site is as below: 

− North side faces Len river; 

− South side is adjacent to hill area of Trieu Loc commune; 

− East side is adjacent to residential area and rice fields; 

− West side is adjacent to the Mieu Mountain of Chau Loc commune. 

The VN 2000 coordinate of ground control points of the mill site is mentioned in 

the following table 2: 

Table 2: VN 2000 coordinates of ground control points of the main plant 

No Control points Longitude (X) Latitude (Y) 

1 M1 505808,780 206670,430 

2 M2 505793,600 206891,160 

3 M3 505692,600 206945,300 

4 M4 505710,700 207090,300 

5 M5 505926,400 207089,300 

6 M6 505.863,75 207404,75 

7 M7 505787,500 207557,800 

8 M8 505094,600 207397,500 

9 M9 505078,600 206857,000 

10 M10 505219,600 206708,100 

Since 2003, the Vietnam Paper Corporation and Thanh Hoa province has carried 

out compensation, site clearance and resettlement of residential areas, searching and 

removing of landmines and bombs in the area of the factory, and building road with 

small – side gravel finish, linking Plant area to National Highway of 1A. 

Existing mill site area of 55.87 hectares have been granted land use right 




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14


certificates and leveled with dike to prevent erosion along Len river and is ready for 

construction of the factory and installation of equipment and facilities. Project 

Location is presented in the Figure 1 (see Article 10: Annex). 

3.2 Location of waste dump, sludge yards 

The location of waste dump is specified as follows: 

- North-east side borders of low-fields of Quyet Thang hamlet - Chau Loc 

commune; 

- North-west side borders of Len river’s dike; 

- Southeast side bordering Nui Binh - Chau Loc commune; 

- Southwest side border fields of Chau Tu and Quyet Thang hamlets - Chau Loc 

commune. 

The distance from the barrier of dump waste to the nearest residential area is about 

200 m. Currently this land is in the procedures for granting land use right certificates 

and will implement the clearance project. 

The VN 2000 coordinates of 04 corners control points of the waste dumps are 

given in the following table 3. 

Table 3: VN 2000 coordinates of 04 corners control points of 

the waste dump 

No Control points Longitude (X) Latitude (Y) 

1 M1 506.000,000 207799,100 

2 M2 506744,040 207904,940 

3 M3 506636,820 207708,350 

4 M4 506797,720 207589,530 




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4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT CHANGES 

4.1 Brief major changes of project 

The contents of the adjusted Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Project mill have 

basically changed compared to the old project. The content changes are listed in the 

table below: 

Table 4: Statistical content of the project 

No Content Ex - project Adjusted project 

1 

Capacity 

(Product and 

productivity) 

Major 

materials 

- 50,000 TPY of unbleached 

sulfate kraft pulp 

- 60,000 TPY of cement sack 

paper 

- 100,000 TPY of Bleaching- 

Chemi - Thermomechanical- 

Pulp (BCTMP); 

- 180,000 TPY of Folding Box 

Board (FBB) 

2 Technology - Sulfate Kraft pulp Technology - BCTMP Technology 

- Acacia, Eucalyptus and 

3 

- Bamboo, imported pulp 

imported pulp 

(Source: Investment project) 

Statistics of the project's main items changes are presented in the following table: 

Table 5: The main works 

No Works Ex project Adjusted project Notes 

Include: 200 m 

wharf, yard and crane 

system. 

1 

Structure: 

Len river port 

- Wharf: 

Have not been built in 

for raw 

Reinforce new project 

materials 

concrete (RF) 

- Yard: (RF thick 

0.3 m). 

10 T Crane. 

2 

Raw material 

yard 

Include: Material 

yard 56,000 m 2 , 

transportation way 

and rain water 

drainage system. 

Structure: 

- Concrete yard: 

33,326 m 2 , Land 

Yard Ramming: 

22,674 m 2 . 

- Yard structure: 

Include: material yard, 

transportation way and 

rain water drainage 

system. 

+ Area: 25,000 m 2 ; 

+ Structure: 

- Leveling land 

compacted to 

standard 

requirement; 

Completely changed 

(Have not been built in 

new project) 

Area and structure of 

materials yard has 

been decreased as 

compared to the exproject 




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Natural land 

ramming, stone 

foundation thick 

300 mm, stone 

surface thick 

100mm, concrete 

floor thick 

200mm. 

- Gravel base 200 

mm in thickness; 

- Surface concrete 

250 mm in 

thickness. 

3 

4 

Pulp 

production 

line 

Wood 

handling plant 

- Roads 

- Rain-water and 

production water 

drainage systems 

To produce 50,000 

TPY of unbleached 

sulphate Kraft pulp 

from bamboo. 

Include: 

- Feeding 

conveyor 

(bamboo), 

bamboo chipper 

and chip 

screening system. 

- Feeding 

conveyor system 

from chipping 

house to chip 

yard 

- Chips Silo. 

Structure: 

- Foundation of 

conveyor and 

+ stock yard area 

include: traffic roads 

and surface drainage 

ditch system. 

+ BCTMP Technology 

+ Capacity: 100,000 

TPY of Bleached 

Chemical Thermal 

Mechanical Pulp 

(BCTMP) 

+ Main building: 30m 

in height, area: 5,200 

m 2 , Reinforced concrete 

pile foundation 

+ Store of BCTMP and 

imported pulp: 2,000 

m 2 , R.C pile foundation, 

covered by steel roof 

sheet and brick wall 

Materials: Acacia and 

Eucalyptus. 

Raw materials are 

changed for suitable 

with new technology 

Absolutely change 

cooking technology 

with previous project 

Changes in equipment, 

technology compared 

with ex-project 




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equipments: RC. 

- Chipping house: 

Wall-frame, 

metal roofing, 

cover by brick 

wall 

- Chips Silo: RC. 

5 Pulp cooking 

6 

Evaporation 

and Recovery 

Include: Received 

chips conveyor from 

chips yard, digester, 

caustic room, pulp 

refining, washing 

and screening. 

Structure: 


conveyor: RC 

with RC pilling 


factory, 

equipment: RC. 

- Digester room: 

Metal structure, 

metal roofing, no 

cover 

Caustic Room, pulp 

refining, washing 

and screening: RC 

with additives to 

agaist corrosion by 

chemicals, metal 

roofing, cover by 

brick wall. 

Include: Recovery 

boiler and 

Evaporation system 

Structure: 


recovery boiler 

and chimney: RC 



equipments: RC 

- Structure of 

factory: RC, 


cover by brik 

Remove the previous 

technology, replaced by 

PRC-APMP 

To cancel old 

technology and replace 

by new technology 

PRC-APMP; No 

chemical recovery 

system and no mud lime 

Has completely 

changed compared to 

the ex-technology by 

bleached chemical 

thermal pulp 

(BCTMP) 

Has completely 

changed (Have not 

been built in new 

project) 




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wall 

7 Boiler 

8 

9 

House of 

turbines, 

generators 

Paper 

Machine and 

Finishing 

Department 

Include: Boiler, 

foundation of 

equipment and coal 

treatment area. 

Structure: 


boiler 

- Chimney: RC 


- Foudation of 

equipment: RC 

Structure of factory: 

RC, metal roofing, 

brick wall 

Include: Turbine, 

generator and 

transformer, MCC. 

Structure: 

- Foundation: RC, 

Factory: RC, 

- Roof: Metal 

roofing, Cover by 

brick. 

- Transformer: no 

cover; 

MCC: RC, cover: 

brick wall. 

Include: Stock 

Preparation, Paper 

Machine and 

Finishing 

Department. 

Structure: 

- Foundation: RC 

with RC pilling, 

- Factory: RC, 


cover by brick 

wall. 

Tanks, frame of 

paper machine, 

concrete floor: RC 

+ Area: 600 m 2 

+ Structure: Foundation 

of building, equipment: 

RC, reinforced concrete 

pillar, steel structure, 

metal roofing. 

To apply new 

+ Capacity: 80 ton/h Circulating Fluidizing 

+ Type: Circulating Bed Boiler (Coal), 

Fluidizing Bed Boiler technology and 

(Coal) 

capacity have changed 

+ Pressure: 

with previous project 

- Designed pressure: 18 

kG/cm 2 

- Operated pressure: 

12.5 kG/cm 2 

Have not been built, 

using the national 

electricity grid 

Include: Prepare pulp, 

produce and complete. 

Structure: 

+ Factory: Height 2 

floors, Area 25,920 m 2 , 

Foundation and pillar: 

RC with additives to 

against chemical 

corrosion in some 

necessary places, cover 

by metal roofing and 

brick wall; 

+ Equipment 

foundation: RC 

Not using this 

workshop in the new 

project instead of 

using the national 

electricity grid 

Changes in technology 

and productivity due 

to changes in product 

categories 




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with additives to 

agaist corrosion by 

chemicals 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

Product 

storage 

Storage of raw 

materials and 

spare parts 

Mechanic 

Maintenance 

workshop 

Administrative 

Office 

Automobile 

Garage 

Area: 6,480 m 2 , 

Aperture: 24m, 

Column step: 6m, 

Height: 7.5m. 

Structure: 

Foundation: RC; 

Frame: Steel; Floor: 

RC; Roof: Metal 

roofing, cover: brick 

wall. 

Area: 4,320 m 2 , 



Height: 7.5m. 

Structure: 


Frame: Steel; Floor: 



wall. 

Area: 2,400 m 2 , 



Height: 7.5m. 

Structure: 


Structure: Steel; 

Floor: RC; Roof: 

Metal roofing, cover: 

brick wall. 

Area: 2,000 m 2 . 

Structure: 2 Floors, 

RC; Roof: metal 


wall. 

Area: 2,200 m 2 . 

Structure: Steel 

structure, Roof: 

Metal roofing, no 

cover. 

+ Area 9,500 m 2 ; 

+ Aperture 15 m; 

+ High: 9 m; 

+ Structure: R.C 

foundation, Steel frame, 

R.C ground, steel roof. 

+ Area 1,000 m 2 ; 

+ Aperture 15 m; 

+ Column step 6 m 

+ Area 1,000 m 2 ; 

+ Aperture 15m; 

+ Column step: 6m; 

+ Structure: 01 floor, 

Foundation: RC, Floor: 


roofing 

+ Area 2,000 m 2 ; 


Foundation, Frame by 

RC, covered by brick 

wall, metal roofing with 

insolating 

+ Area 1,500 m 2 ; 

+ Structure: 

Foundation: RC, 

covered by brick wall, 

metal roofing. 

To increase area to 

suitable with 

increasing capacity of 

new project 

To change Area for 

suitable with new 

project 



project 

Has not been changed 



project 

15 Canteen Area: 800 m 2 . + Area 600 m 2 ; To change Area for 




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Structure: metal 

structure, metal 

roofing; cover: brick 

wall. 

+ Structure: 

Foundation: RC, RC 

pillar, metal roofing, 

covered by brick wall 


project 

16 

17 

18 

Raw water 

treatment area 

Waste water 

treatment area 

Lime sludge 

waste hole 

+ Capacity: 

20,000m 3 /day; 

+ Structure: Pump 

station, treatment 

tanks and water 

tanks: RC with 

waterproof additives 

, cast iron or PVC 

pipe. Bottom of 

water pond: clay 

ramming, stone jetty. 

Include: waste water 

treatment tanks, 

Capacity 13,000 

m 3 /day, collective 

waste water piping 

and discharge waste 

water piping after 

treatment to the river. 

Pumps, air mixer, 

sludge press, 

chemical supplying 

system. 

Structure: Treatment 

tanks: RC with 

additives to agaist 

chemical corrosion, 

Piping: RC. 

Area: 4 hectares. 

Structure: Bottom: 

clay ramming with 

HDPE waterproofing 

membrane, Wall: 


membrane, to build 

stone jetty to against 

landslide, having 

water pump and mud 

lime transportation 

system. 

+ Capacity: 

20,000m 3 /day; 

+ Structure: Pump 

station, treatment tanks 

and water tanks: RC 

with waterproof 

additives , cast iron or 

PVC pipe. Bottom of 

water pond: clay 

ramming, stone jetty. 

+ Capacity 12,000 m 3 ; 

+ Structure: Concrete 

with waterproof 

additives and water 

collecting pipe systems 

made of concrete. . 

Changed using purpose 

to sludge pond from 

waste water plant, coal 

residual… 

Structure: Bottom: clay 

ramming with HDPE 

waterproofing 

membrane, Wall: 


membrane, to build 

stone jetty to against 

landslide, having waste 

water pump system to 

treatment station. 

Has not been changed 

Changing structure, 

use purposes to 

suitable with the new 

project 




project 




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21



19 Coal storage 

20 Internal roads 

21 

22 

Firefighters 

System 

Residential 

workers 

Volume: 12,000 ton 

(reservation for 3 

operation months). 

Structure: RC, roof: 

metal roofing, cover: 

brick wall. 

+ Area: 50,000 m 2 . 

+ Structure: Natural 

land ramming, stone 

foundation thick 300 

mm, stone surface 

thick 100mm 

Structure: 

extinguish fire 

pump, Firefighting 

equipment: cast iron, 

Fire-hydrant. 

3 grade building, 

Structure: RC, wall: 

brick wall, Roof: 


Height: 4 floors. 

+ Area 2,000 m 2 ; 

+ Aperture 10m; 

+ Column step: 6m; 

+ Structure: 

Foundation, pillar: RC, 

cover: brick wall, metal 

roofing 

+ Area: 50,000 m 2 

+ Structure: Yard, road: 

Natural land ramming, 

stone foundation thick 

300 mm, stone surface 

thick 100mm 

Have not changed 

+ Area 1,200 m 2 ; 


R.C foundation, frame, 

roof, brick wall 




project 

Not changed in the 

new project 

Not changed in the 

new project 

Changing in area 

suitable for new 

projects 

Thus, major changes of the project is on the production technology including the 

design capacity is increased, some main departments have been changed to suit the 

production technology and new capacity namely: pulp production line, paper machine, 

steam boilers, wastewater treatment systems, the handling and storage of waste ..., the 

rest almost all buildings have not changed significant. Position of some aspects haves 

changed. Detailed technological change and factory premises are shown in the figures 

2 and 3 (See Article 10: Annex). 

4.2 Changes in the scale, designed capacity and production technology of adjusted 

project 

4.2.1 Changes in scale and capacity of product categories 

Changes in scale and capacity of product categories are presented in table below: 

Table 6. Changes in scale and capacity of product categories 


1 

Capacity 

and 

product 

- 50,000 tpy of Unbleached 

Sunfate Kraft Pulp; 

- 60,000 tpy of cement sack 

- 100,000 tons of Bleaching- 

Chemi - Thermomechanical- 

Pulp (BCTMP)/year; 




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paper 

- 180,000 tons of High quality 

folding boxboard/year 

4.2.2 Changes in production technology 

Production technology of the adjusted project is changed completely from the 

Unbleached Kraft Pulp Technology to Bleached Chemical Thermal Mechanical Pulp 

(BCTMP). Technology chart and detail description of the new technology will be 

presented in the following section. 

4.2.3 Changes in demand for raw materials, fuel and chemicals 

Due to changes of production technology and the plant capacity, the demand of 

chemicals, raw materials, fuel, etc. are significant changed. Details of changes are 

presented in the following table: 

No 

Table 7. Changes in demand of raw materials and fuel for 

paperboard production 

Unit 

For 1 ton of 

product 

Ex - project 

Demand for 1 

year 

Adjusted project 

For 1 ton of 

product 

Demand for 

1 year 

1. Materials 

Eucalyptus, Acacia Sub. Ton - - 2.4 240,000 

Bamboo Sub. Ton 3.8 228,000 - - 

Imported pulp Ton 0.165 10,000 0.27 48,510 

2.Chemicals 

Ton 

Lime Ton 0.24 14,400 - - 

Soda Ton 0.012 720 0.0195 6,500 

Na 2 SO 4 Ton 0.038 2,280 - - 

Alum Ton 0.025 1,500 0.038 544 

Rosin Ton 0.01 600 - - 

Coating pigment Ton - - 0.064 11,550 

Modified starch Ton - - 0.0122 2,210 

CaCO 3 Ton - - 0.014 2,510 

AKD (Alkyl ketene Ton 

dimer) 

- - 0.0022 400 

Retention aids Ton - - 0.0001 16.5 

Na 2 SiO 3 kg/ton - - 10.5 3,500 

H 2 O 2 (100%) kg/ton - - 80 8,000 

DTPA 

(Diethylenetriamine 

pentaacetic acid) 

kg/ton 

- - 5 500 




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No 

Unit 

For 1 ton of 

product 

Ex - project 

Demand for 1 

year 


For 1 ton of 

product 

Demand for 

1 year 

H 2 SO 4 kg/ton - - 1.8 600 

Ure kg/ton - - 2.5 315 

H 3 PO 4 kg/ton - - 3.6 471 

Polyme kg/ton - - 0.4 46.5 

Defoamer kg/ton - - 0.5 50 

3. Fuel 

Electricity kWh/ton 200 12,000,000 680 251,100,000 

Water m 3 /ton 64 3,861,000 15 3,899,400 

Coal Ton/Ton 0.4 24,025 0.33 65,400 

Fuel oil and DO Ton/Ton 0.060 3,600 - - 

LPG Ton/Ton - - 0.03 5,280 

4.2.4 Technological and technical contents of adjusted project 

4.2.4.1 Work Items 

Main and supporting work items of the Project include production equipment lines 

and auxiliary equipment, buildings, office, store, material yard, internal traffic roads, 

etc. The main equipment lines of the project are given in the table 8. 

Table 8: Equipment lines of the Project 

No 

1 

2 

3 

Main and auxiliary 

equipment lines 

Bleached 

Thermal 

Pulp line 

Chemical 

Mechanical 

Folding box board 

machine 

Water Supply 

Processing and Waste 

water Treatment. 

Description 

+ Wood handling equipment line; 

+ BCTMP production line. 

+ Stock preparation and Broke systems; 

+ Approach System; 

+ Folding Box board Machine with Coaters; 

+ Finishing Section; 

+ White water treatment and Recovery System. 

+ Raw water treatment plant and fresh water distribution 

system; 

+ System for treatment and distribution of cooling water; 

+ System for treatment and distribution of water for sealing. 

+ Waste water treatment plant. 




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No 

4 

Main and auxiliary 

equipment lines 

Auxiliaries systems 

. 

Source: Investment project 

Description 

+ Steam boiler and accessory systems; 

+ Electricity distribution system; 

+ System for materials receiving and distribution; 

+ System for chemicals receiving and distribution; 

+ System for receiving and distribution of grease and 

hydraulic oil; 

+ System of pipes, pipe bridge, underground pipes; 

+ Hoist crane and lifting equipment; 

+ System of fire alarm and extinguishers; 

+ Lighting system inside and outside factory; 

+ Scale, internal loading and unloading facilities; 

+ Maintenance equipment; 

+ Laboratory equipment; 

+ System for communication and information, LAN net 

work 

4.2.4.2 Raw materials demand 

Demand on raw materials, electricity, fuel, chemicals and water for production of 

one ton of BCTMP and FBB and for one year of production is presented in tables 

below: 

No 

I 

Table 9: Consumption of raw materials for the production of BCTMP. 

Item 

Main materials 

1 Wood of Eucalyptus and 

Acacia* 

II 

Power, water, fuel 

Unit 

Norm 

1 ton of 

product 

Demand 

Unit 1 day 1 year 

ton/t 2.4 ton 720 240,000 

2 Electricity kWh/t 1,300 kWh 390,000 128,700,000 

3 Water m 3 /t 12 m 3 3,600 1,200,000 

4 Coal ton/t 0.06 ton 18 6,000 

III 

Chemicals 

III.1 Chemicals for pulp 

production 




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No 

Item 

Unit 

Norm 

1 ton of 

product 



5 Soda (100%) kg/t 65 ton 19.5 6,500 

6 Na 2 SiO 3 kg/t 35 ton 10.5 3,500 

7 H 2 O 2 (100%) kg/t 80 ton 24 8,000 

8 DTPA kg/t 5 ton 1.5 500 

9 H 2 SO 4 kg/t 6 ton 1,8 600 

III.2 Chemicals for water 

treatment 

10 Alum kg/t 1.8 ton 0.54 180 

11 Urea kg/t 1.5 ton 0.45 150 

12 H 3 PO 4 kg/t 2.4 ton 0.72 240 

13 Polymer kg/t 0.3 ton 0.09 30 

14 Defoamer kg/t 0.5 ton 0.15 50 

* Raw materials are mixed debarked acacia and eucalyptus woods with the ration of about 

70% of acacia and 30% of eucalyptus. 

Table 10: Consumption of raw materials for the production of FBB 

Norm 


No Items 

1 ton of 

Unit 

product 


I Main raw materials 

1 BCTMP ton/t 0,557 ton 304 100,320 

2 BHKP ton/t 0,189 ton 103 33,990 

3 BSKP ton/t 0,081 ton 44 14,520 

II Power, water, fuel 

4 Electricity kWh/t 680 kWh 370,940 122,410,000 

5 Water m3/t 15 m3 8,180 2,699,400 

6 Coal ton/t 0,33 ton 180 59,400 

7 LPG ton/t 0,03 ton 16 5,280 

III Chemicals 

III.1 Chemicals for Paper 

production 

8 Coating colour kg/t 64 ton 35 11,550 

9 Modified Starch kg/t 12,2 ton 6.7 2,210 

10 CaCO 3 kg/t 14,0 ton 7.6 2,510 

11 AKD kg/t 2.2 ton 1.2 400 




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Norm 


No Items 

1 ton of 

Unit 

product 


12 Retention Aid kg/t 0.1 ton 0.05 16.5 

III.2 Chemicals for water 

treatment 

13 Alum. kg/t 2.0 ton 1.1 363 

14 Urea kg/t 1.0 ton 0.5 165 

15 H 3 PO 4 

kg/t 1.2 ton 0.7 231 

16 Polyme kg/t 0.1 ton 0.05 16.5 

4.2.4.3 BCTMP production schema 

BCTMP line includes many equipment systems, flowcharts and are described in 

the Figure 5 (See Article 10: Annex). 

The quality criteria of BCTMP are presented in table below: 

Table 11: BCTMP Properties 

Norm Unit Requirement 

- Capacity ADt/year* 100,000 

- Yield % ≥ 88 

- Pulp quality: 

+ Freeness ml CSF 350-400 

+ Brightness % ISO 78-80 

+ Bulk cm 3 /kg 2.8-3.0 

+ Tensile strength Nm/g ≥ 21 

+ Tear resistance coefficient mNm 2 /g ≥ 2.0 

+ Concentration of coarse fibre % ≤ 0.15 

*ADt/year: Air Dry Ton/year 

4.2.4.4 Wood chips preparation systems 

Wood preparation system includes main equipments such as: wood washing 

station, chipper, screen, chips storage, chips reclaiming and transferring systems. 

Designed capacity of chipper is 125 ton of solid wood per hour, capacity of chip 

screening machine is 450 m 3 l of chip per hour. 

Wood is transported by trucks from raw material source to the factory. At the 

factory, wood is piled in stock yard. Quantity of wood stored in stock yard help ensure 




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27


wood supply for continuous operation of the mill in 1 month (around 25,000 tons). 

From stock yard, wood is fork lifted to receiving table and onto roller-type wood 

washing conveyor. Water will then be rinsed with high pressure to logs of wood to 

remove sand and other impurities so as to help ensure safety for operation of wood 

chipper and guarantee necessary clean level of chips. After washing, wood is conveyed 

to chipper. 

Wood washing water is treated for re-use. System for wood washing water include 

water screen, re-cycled water tank, re-cycle water pump and waste collector system. 

The majority of water is recycled for washing of wood and only a small amount is 

periodically discharged to waste water treatment plant. 

After chipping, wood chips are transferred to chip screener to remove unqualified 

chip and then the qualified chip are conveyed to chip store. Oversize chips are re-cut, 

fines are gathered and sell on to required agencies or burnt to recover heat. 

Chips storage system includes chip piles and silos. From silos, chips are 

transferred by a conveyor to chip receiving part of washing equipment of the pulp 

production plant, on the conveyor a system of magnetic electric is arranged to help 

remove metals and a chip scale is also arranged to help quantify the amount of chip 

entering BCTMP production line. 

4.2.4.5 BCTMP production line 

Main technological equipment systems of the BCTMP plant include: 

− Chip washing system; 

− Chemical impregnation system ; 

− Main refining line (primary and secondary refiners); 

− Bleaching system; 

− Pulp washing system; 

− Pulp screen system 

− Thickener; 

− Rejected pulp treatment system; 

− Heat recovering and secondary steam distribution system, ect. 

A. Chip washing process 

Chips from wood chipping line are transferred to chip receiving bin number 1 

equipped with vibration discharged screw at bottom and chips discharge by 

discharging screw to washing machine. In washing machine, chips are mixed with 

warm water to remove metal, rock and sand particles for avoiding damage to the 

refiner and remove barks and other light impurities. High speed mixing by washing 

machine cause impurities to split from chips and sediment to bottom of washing 




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machine, from where periodical discharge to container part is conducted. 

Chip after split from sand is poured to soaking tank and soaked together with 

cleaning water at temperature of around 80-85 o C before being pumped by specialized 

pump for dewatering at dewatering screw. After dewatering, chips are discharged to 

chip bin 2, used water is directed to screen to separate wash water from bark, sand and 

other impurities before returning to circulated water tank specially designed to allow 

sedimentation of heavy impurities to conical bottom and are periodical removed. 

Chip bin 2 works as chip buffer and provides the possibility for steam injection, 

chips are steamed by secondary steam from primary refiner (high consistency refiner). 

The aim of steaming process is to soften wood chip and replace air inside chip by 

steam. After steaming, chips are discharged to screw conveyor and transferred to the 

impregnator. 

B. Chemical Impregnation Process 

System of chip impregnation by chemicals includes one (or two) phases using 

screw press. Each phase in principle is divided into 3 different steps and the 

combination of these steps help create an optimal infiltration technology for “dense” 

materials such as Eucalyptus and acacia wood. 

In step 1, under impact of high pressure rate compression by air screw press, resin 

and water are separated from wood chip. This compression force does not cause 

damage to wood fiber but helps separate partition surface of primary cell of S1-S2. As 

the result, secondary cell partition is released; facilitating the refining process, thus 

having longer fiber and physical strength of pulp is higher. 

In step 2, pressed chips are discharged from screw press for mixing with 

chemicals (mainly NaOH and H 2 O 2 ) in impregnation equipment. Sudden swelling of 

pieces discharged from compression valve help facilitate even impregnation of 

chemicals into wood chips before refining and bleaching. 

Chips from impregnation equipment are discharged to reaction tower and are kept 

for an optimal retention time for reaction between impregnated chemicals and chips 

(step 3). Temperature inside reaction tower is stabilized by connection with steam 

supply system (secondary and fresh steam). The way of mixing at the bottom of 

reaction tower ensure chip retention time and amount of chip to discharge screw are 

unchanged. From screw press of reactor 2, chips are discharged to primary refining 

stage. 

C. Pulp Refining 

From reactor 2, chips are conveyed through direct chute to plug screw. Chip 

loading system guarantees stable loading process and eliminate possibility of load 

fluctuation in refiner. Plug screw is connected to a T-shape connection part at entrance 

to refiner and create a stopper by chip, preventing ejection of steam generated from 

refiner. From T-shape connector, chips fall to ribbon charger and stably loaded to 




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29


refining area of high consistency refiner. 

Inside refiner, chip is refined into fibre under physical force while moving through 

refining area. Freeness is controlled mainly by adjustment of spaces between refiner 

discs. Physical refining process in primary refiner is under high consistency (>25%) 

and high pressure. An important part of energy from refining is converted to heat and 

help create a large amount of saturated steam (an average of 0.8 ton of steam per MWh 

refining energy). 

From primary refiner, mixture of pulp and steam is transferred through system of 

blowing pipes to pressure cyclone for separation of steam and pulp. Separated team 

from pulp is led to heat recovery system; pulp falls to bottom of cyclone and is 

transferred by plug screw to cooling screw, where fresh water with relatively low 

temperature is supplemented to help adjust temperature to optimal level for bleaching 

process. Basically, after refining in primary high consistency refiner, pulp has reached 

level of required freeness for manufacturing high quality folding boxboard (around 

400 ml CSF). However, in order to guarantee criteria of pulp quality and low ratio of 

shives (


around 3.5%-4.0% and led to latency tank, where fibre sprinkled and curl by rehardening 

of lignin is straightened owing to high speed mixing effect in warm water 

environment. 

F. Pulp screening and cleaning process 

Main pulp screening system include one screening stage. Pulp is pumped from 

pre-screen pulp tank to the top of pressure screen. The screen basket divides pulp to 

two flows; accepted pulp including soft and small fibre filtered through screen to be 

transferred for thickening at disc filter, rejected pulp including hard and aggregate 

fibre and shives discharged from bottom of screen is pumped to unrefined rejected 

pulp tank of rejected pulp thickening and refining system. 

A system of two stage cleaner is used to remove sand, heavy materials in the flow 

of rejected pulp discharged from screen. Flow of accepted pulp from cleaner is 

pumped back to unrefined rejected pulp tank, impurities is discharged to waste 

collection system. 

G. Thickening and refining system of rejected Pulp 

Flow of rejected pulp from main pulp screen, together with accepted pulp from 

cleaner system are gathered and pumped through bow screen (aimed to thicken pulp) 

to unrefining rejected pulp tank, from where rejected pulp is pumped to low 

consistency refiner type Twinflo. From refiner, pulp is led to refined reject pulp tank 

and then to reject screen, from where good pulp is pumped to thickener while pulp 

unable to pass the screen is returned to cleaner and to be treated in rejected pulp 

refining system. 

H. Pulp thickening and storage 

Accepted pulp from main pulp screening system and rejected pulp screening 

system are mixed, diluted and pumped for washing at disc filter machine so as to be 

clear of impurities and thicken before coming to tank. At disc filter, pulp is washed 

and thickened on the surface of rotating discs, forming a layer of pulp with dryness 

around 10% thanks to vacuum status created by barometric leg. Pulp is separated from 

discs of screener by water spraying taps. Pulp is discharged from bottom of disc filter 

through tray onto vertical pipe of medium consistency pump. Quantity of pulp in 

vertical pipe is controlled by volume flow controller system behind medium 

consistency pump. Pulp is pumped by medium consistency pump to pulp tank, from 

where the pulp is supplied to folding boxboard paper machine. 

Filtrate from disc filter is divided into two types, cloudy water carrying high 

amount of fibre and clean water. These two types of filtrates are stored in separate 

containers of white water tank. Filtrate is recycled for previous technological phases. 




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I. Collection and distribution system for heat and steam generated by refining 

process: 

Physical refining process at high consistency in primary refining machine will 

release a large amount of saturated steam (an average of 0.8 ton of steam/MWh 

refining energy), the majority of the amount of steam after separated from pulp, is 

collected and re-used for heating of chips in steaming, impregnation and heating 

towers. 

A portion of secondary steam is used to produce hot water in heat recovery 

system. Steam generated from high consistency refiner during refining is collected to 

conduit pipes and directed to entrance underneath of air scrubber operating at 

atmosphere pressure. Water is sprayed from top of scrubber and cause steam 

condensation; pulp will fall with steam toward bottom part. Condensate is pumped to 

condensate tank of scrubber, from where the water is pumped to heat exchange 

equipment for heating of fresh water. From heat exchange equipment, cool condensate 

is pumped back to work as water spray at air scrubber. All surplus technological water 

is used for water spraying during start run or in the case of insufficient condensate. 

A portion of secondary steam is discharged to the outside through steam pipe 

equipped with noise reduction equipment. 

4.2.4.6 Folding box board machine 

Paper machine selected for this project is complete and brand new paper machine 

for high quality folding boxboard with capacity of 180,000 tons per year. Paper 

machine include four fourdriners and on-line coating machine. 

A. Overview on FBB paper machine 

− Product: high quality folding boxboard 

− Capacity: 180,000 ton/year 

− Number of wire (layer): 4 wires 

− Press Section: with shoe press 

− Paper size after winder (trimmed width) > 3,000 mm 

− Basis weight range: 180-450 g/m 2 ; 

− Number of coating head: ≥ 03; 

− Coated Basis weight: ≥10 g/m 2 /coating layer; 

B. FBB equipment and technology description 

FBB paper machine includes: Stock preparation system; paper machine approach 

system; folding boxboard machine, online coating system; finishing section; wet end 

chemical preparation system; coating kitchen, starch preparation and distribution 

system; automated and control equipment systems (DCS and QCS) and accessory 




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equipment systems (vacuum system; air compressors; lubrication centre; heat recovery 

system; steam boiler and steam distribution system, electricity and electricity 

distribution system, ect.): 

− Stock preparation system: include four production lines with the task to supply 

pulp for four wires (04 layers) paper machine, of which surface and bottom 

base layers is formed with bleached softwood kraft pulp and bleached 

hardwood kraft pulp, middle layers are formed with BCTMP and broke paper. 

− Approach system of paper machine includes main equipment such as fine 

screen, LC cleaner and fan pump supplying pulp to carton paper machine. 

− Paper machine includes main equipment such as: four head boxes; wire section 

including four fourdrinier wires and top former wire; press part including 

normal and shoe press unit; primary-dryer part with maximum operation 

pressure of around 4.0 bar, diameter of dryer cylinder is 1,500 mm; MG 

cylinder (if necessary); size press with film metering press machine; secondary 

drying part with diameter of dryer cylinder is 1,500 mm, maximum operation 

steam pressure is around 6.0 bar; primary calender normally use 01 hard nip 

calender. 

− Coating part consists of at least 03 blade coaters, to be dried after coating of 

carton by hot air from LPG heater taps. After coated, carton is pressed at final 

calender normally using soft calender with high surface temperature so as to 

help increase surface quality of the product, especially gloss level. After 

receiving hanger compression, carton is winded to large diameter roll on drum 

(main roll). 

− Jumbo rolls are rewinded and cut into roll with suitable diameters and sizes 

accorded to customer requirements by rewinder. A portion of carton roll is 

packaged and supplied to customer; the remaining (around 30% of carton 

production) is cut in to sheets by sheet cutter and packaged into ream. 

Structure of FBB carton and block chart of paper machine is presented in 

following picture. 

Coating layers 

Size press by starch 

Surface layer (BSKP+BHKP) 

Middle layers (BCTMP) + broke 

Base layer (BSKP+BHKP) 

Size press by starch 

Base coating layer 

Figure 6: Structure of high quality box carton 




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Bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) is mixed with bleached hardwood kraft 

pulp (BHKP) for production of top and back layers of FBB. These types of pulp are 

separately mixed, cleaned and refined before being mixed together in mixing chest. 

Pulp bales (250kg each bale) are transferred to conveyor by fork lift and untie 

covered wire. Pulp is disintegrated in batch pulper. After that, pulp is transferred to 

unrefined pulp tank before refining. From this tank, pulp is pumped to high density 

cleaner to remove heavy impurities before being refined. Refining system for long 

fiber and short fiber includes 2 refining stages with 02 disc refiner. After refining, pulp 

is transferred to refined pulp tank then to mixing chest for top and bottom layer. Pulps 

are mixed according required ratio and with wet end chemicals. 

Middle layers of FBB are produced mainly from BCTMP and brokes. BCTMP 

from pulp storage tower of Bleached Chemical Thermal Mechanical Pulp production 

line is pumped to BCTMP tank in folding boxboard paper mill before being distributed 

to mixing chest of stock preparation system to be mixed with broke from pulp 

treatment system for uncoated and coated broke pulp. In the case of necessity, middle 

layers of FBB is mixed with a fixed amount of bleached chemical pulp added from 

refined bleaching chemical pulp tank . 

Broke treatment system of paper machine include 02 production lines: processing 

uncoated and coated broke. These processes include main equipment such as pulper 

for wet and dry parts, thickener, disk refiner, cleaner, ect. After treatment, broke pulp 

is pumped to tank before being mixed with BCTMP. 

Pulp from machine chest is pumped to stuff box, overflow is pumped back to 

machine tank. From stuff box, pulp with consistency of around 3% freely flows in 

suction mouth of supply pumps of primary cleaner. Cleaner system includes 4 stages 

connected so as rejected pulp of previous stage is fed to next stage and accepted pulp 

of later stage is returned to feed to previous stage. Rejected pulp from cleaner stage IV 

is discharged. Cleaned pulp from primary cleaner is led to suction mouth of supply fan 

pump of primary fine screen machine. From here, accepted pulp is supplied to 

headbox by pump. 

Rejected pulp from primary screen is returned to rejected pulp tank and pumped to 

secondary screening machine. Accepted pulp from secondary screening machine is 

returned to feed primary screening machine, and unaccepted pulp is returned to stage 

IV cleaner. Retention aids are mixed with pulp on suction pipe of fan pump to 

headbox. 

Top, middle and bottom layers are formed in their respective formation parts 

before being combined to create folding boxboard on wire of bottom layer.. Dryness l 

of folding boxboard on wire is around 18% before being transferred to press section. 

Press section is designed to have 3 pressing pairs. In order to guarantee dryness 

and some other paper quality criteria such as bulking, folding stiffness second press 

part shall be shoe-press. Dryness of FBB after press section is around 43% to 45%. 




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Remaing water inside the FBB after pressing is subjected to evaporate in predrying 

part of paper machine consisting of drying cylinders 1500 mm in diameter. 

Dryness of FBB after pre-drying section is adjusted to reach optimal value before 

transferred to glazing cylinder (Machine glaze). Dryness of FBB from Machine glaze 

cylinder reaches around 93%-95%. 

FBB from MG is sized with starch on film metering press equipment to reach 

suitable surface for coating and increase mechanical strength. Coating basis weight at 

size press is 3g/m 2 , after size press, FBB is dried in post-drying part using fresh steam 

with maximum pressure of 6 bar, and is smoothened and glazed at primary hard nip 

calender. 

After calender section, FBB is coated in coating machine consisting of 03 blade 

coaters. Coating process is orderly conducted under following procedure: Coating for 

bottom layer and primary drying, then coating for 1 st top layer, primary dry and 

coating for 2 nd top layer and dry to reach required dryness. Basis weight of coating 

layer normally reaches to 10 g/m 2 /coating time. 

After coating, FBB is dried by indirect method on dry boxes by hot air (source of 

hot air supply is from LPG gas burner or steam coils). Post dry treatment carton is 

pressed to become flat, with fine and gloss surface in calenders, normally soft nip 

calender is used. 

Some criteria of high quality box carton are shown in table below: 

Table 12: FBB Properties 

No Criteria Measurement 

method 

Side 

Value 

1 Basis weight, (g/m 2 ) - - 180-450 

2 Brightness, (%) ISO 2470 upper ≥ 89 

3 Gloss, (%) TAPPI T480 upper ≥ 50 

4 Upper surface smoothness (m) ISO 8791 upper ≤1.2 

5 Layer bonding, (J/m 2 ) TAPPI T883 upper 110-120 

6 Water absorption Cobb 60, (g/m 2 ) ISO 535 upper 30 

7 Water absorption Cobb 60, (g/m 2 ) ISO 535 lower 5-30 

Finishing department: Finishing section shall include the following equipment: 

− Winder; 

− Re-winder; 

− Roll wrapping system; 




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− Sheet cutter; 

− Pallet wrapping system. 

FBB jumbo roll from paper machine are winded and cut according to size and 

diameters according to the requirements of the customers. Rolls are wrapped by the 

protection envelope in roll wrapping system before being transferred to finished 

product storage. A portion of FBB (around 50% of production capacity) is cut by sheet 

cutter into sheets and wrapped into pallet by pallet wrapping system. 

4.2.4.7 Steam boiler 

01 coal fired steam boiler is invested to supply steam for all factory. The technical 

specifications of steam boiler are as follows: 

− Capacity: 

− Steam pressure: 

80 ton/hour; 

• Design: 18 kg/cm 2 

• Operation: 12.5 kg/cm 2 

− Designed steam temperature: 

193 ± 5 o C 

Steam boiler includes equipment and main equipment system as follows: 

− Coal fired boiler, circulated boiling type; 

− Coal receiving, preparation and feeding system; 

− Gas emission treatment and discharge system (electrostatic precipitator, flue gas 

fan, pipes, chimney, etc.); 

− Treatment system for boiler feed water and fresh steam distribution system. 

Coal used for steam boiler is coal dust, with heating value of around 5,000 to 

6,500 kcal/kg. 

4.2.4.8 Waste Water Treatment Plant 

Waste water from BCTMP line is originated from chip washing, primary chip 

pressing and after chemical impregnation; pulp washing after bleaching stage. 

Waste water from production of FBB consists mainly of surplus "white water", 

and cloth, net and machinery and equipment cleaning water. 

Volume of waste water from BCTMP production line is around 3,600m 3 /day, and 

from carton paper machine is 6,890m 3 /day. Criteria for pollution load volume of waste 

water before treatment is presented in table below: 




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Table 13: Volume and pollution load volume of factory waste water 

Criteria Unit Value 

Production line m 3 /day BCTMP FBB 

Average volume of waste water (m 3 /day) mg/l 3,600 6,890 

SS (mg/l) mg/l 4,000 3,500 

COD cr (mg/l) mg/l 16,700 2,500 

BOD 5 (mg/l) mg/l 6,700 800 

Temperature ( o C) 80 50 

pH (-) 7.5-8.5 6-8 

Industrial waste water is treated by the best possible available technology with 

three phases including: 

- Primary chemical-physic treatment with diluted air floatation equipment or 

primary clarifier, 

- Secondary biological treatment with anaerobic and aerobic processes; 

- The tertiary chemical - physic treatment with Fenton technology. 

Capacity of the selected waste water treatment plant is 12,000 m 3 /day. 

In the beginning, Treated wastewater is discharged into Len river about 2km far 

from plant on the downstream side. In current, Len river is water supplying source for 

agriculture and domestic for some downstream communes so the plant's effluence 

should reaches A Level of QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT (National Technical Regulation 

on Industrial Wastewater) and A level of QCVN 12: 2008/BTNMT (National technical 

regulation on the effluent of pulp and paper mills). Due to the average flows of Len 

River in drying seasons of last three consecutive years are from 9,9 to 15,1 m 3 /s (< 50 

m 3 /s) so the value of Coefficient Kq = 1.0 and due to the average waste water 

discharged flow 12.000 m 3 /day the value of K f = 0.9 

However, as the latest requirement of Thanh Hoa Provincial People’s Committee, 

the NEW discharge effluent point of Thanh Hoa pulp and Paper Mill in downstream of 

Len river and far from mill site about 20 km behind the dam to prevent sea water enter 

the river; The COD figure of treated effluent of the mill should reaches B level of 

QCVN 12:2008/BTNMT (National technical regulations on the effluent of Pulp and 

Paper Mills); other figures of treated waste water shall have to reach A-level of QCVN 

12: 2008/BTNMT – National technical standard on waste water of Pulp and Paper 

Industry and A-level of QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT – National technical standard on 

industrial waste water. 

4.2.4.9 Sludge yard , waste dump 

Sludge from wastewater treatment plant after separating from the water will be 

transported to storage and handling of sludge at the yard. Sludge yard is built on an 




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area of about 3 ha, divided into 04 small cells; each cell has an area of approximately 

7.500m2 

Sludge yard is dugged deeply into the core of natural soil about 5 meters. 

Embankment embankments, shore stop dividing, a way back to truck sludge, sludge 

around the yard with rainwater collection system built of brick. Bottom, coral mud to 

fill with compacted clay, is spread on a layer of waterproof fabric HDPE (High 

Density Polyethylene) inserted by sacks of sand. 

Sludge yard is located with 08 wastewater collection wells which have reinforced 

concrete and punched to collect waste water. Waste water collected from wells on the 

reservoir by gravity in the general pumping stations. Waste water is then pumped to 

the sewage treatment of the plant. 

4.2.4.10 Slag yard 

Boiler slag is generated by coal combustion. Slag typically do not contain 

hazardous substances so it be able to salvage building materials (brick, fill the valley 

floor, a scattering of road surface). Furnace slag is transported from furnace to the slag 

dump by truck. 

Slag dumping area is expected to: 1 ha. 

Slag covering wall has reinforced concrete, brick walls have a reinforced concrete 

pillar approximately 3m. Inside the slag yard, it is divided into small cells with a high 

brick wall with 1 to 1.5 m. Rainwater collection system of each individual cell was 

built to separate the rain water from a running cell to treatment if necessary. Bottom of 

slag dump made by compacted soil and then laying macadam 1x2 cm and 20 cm 

running, finally the concrete (grade 200) layer 200 mm in thickness to ensure no 

damage when vehicles transported. 

Watering system for dust is also built to minimize impact of dust generated by 

slag shipping for dump. Slag after being filled into the cell will be covered by canvas 

to prevent rainwater penetration and minimizing waste water arise 

The drainage system for each landfill cell will be constructed in separate and 

connected to common drainage system of landfill site. The wastewater of landfill site 

flow in to sedimentation tank for treatment of suspended solid. 

4.2.4.11 Supply of main equipment and auxiliaries system 

A. Supply of main production lines 

Selected BCTMP line for Thanh Hoa pulp and paper mill project is 100% brand 

new. Main equipment of production line is European and G7 countries origin and 

designed and manufactured by world famous manufacturers of BCTMP technology. 

The factory will apply latest advanced technology for BCTMP line. Thanh Hoa Paper 

JSC has now received primary quotation for supply equipment for BCTMP line from 

leading pulp and paper equipment manufacturers in the world. 




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The 100% brand new paper machine with high quality folding boxboard paper 

machine (FBB) for Thanh Hoa pulp and paper mill project is selected and its 

production capacity is 180,000 tons/year. Main equipment of paper machine such as 

headbox, press section, size press, coating section, calender, DCS and QCS are 

planned to be supplied by European and/or G7 countries. Other equipment may have 

European and/or G7, or Asian countries’ origins. 

B. Accessories and materials 

Equipment requiring high level of safety such as steam boiler, steam distribution 

system and environment protection equipment (waste water, gas emission and solid 

waste treatment systems) will be brand new. 

Steam boiler and accessory equipment will be purchased from domestic 

manufacturer or from Asian countries such as China, India. Steam boiler operates at 

relatively low pressure (lower than 12.5 bar) thus sources of supply is in abundance. 

Main equipment of waste water treatment system will be purchased from Asian 

countries or domestic manufacturer. 

Equipment of wood chip preparation system is brand new. The equipment will be 

purchased from Asian countries such as Taiwan, China, India or supplier. 

Electrical and automation equipment will be purchased from specialized 

equipment producers such as ABB, Honeywell, Metso Automation, Andritz 

Automation, Mitsubishi Automation, etc. 

Scale, internal means of transport, communication and information equipment, 

etc., will be purchased from domestic suppliers or imported (if necessary). Materials 

used during installation of facilities are mainly purchased from within country. Spare 

parts are provided by supplier of BCTMP production line and FBB paper machine. 

List of main facilities and accessory equipment is on table below: 

Table 14 : Project facilities & equipment List 

No Items Capacity Status 

I 

Bleached-chemi_thermomechanical-pulp Production line: 

1.1 Wood chip preparation system 125 m 3 sub/hour 100% Brand new 

1.2 Production line for BCTMP 100,000 ton/year 100% Brand new 

II 

Box carton paper machine 

2.1 Stock preparation system 100% Brand new 

2.2 Approach system 100% Brand new 

2.3 FBB paper machine 180,000 ton/year 100% Brand new 

2.4 Finishing section 100% Brand new 

III 

Raw water and waste water treatment system: 




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No Items Capacity Status 

3.1 Raw water treatment system 20,000 m 3 /day 100% Brand new 

3.2 Waste water treatment system 12,000 m 3 /day 100% Brand new 

3.3 Cooling water treatment system 300 m 3 /hour 100% Brand new 

3.4 Sealing water treatment system 130 m 3 /hour 100% Brand new 

IV 

Common facilities system for factory 

4.1 Steam boiler and accessories 80 ton of steam 

/hour 

4.2 Distribution of electricity from 

110 kV transformers to factories 

and workshops (medium voltage 

switch, electricity cable network, 

cable rack...) 

4.3 Piping system, pipe bridge, 

underground piping linking 

between workshops of factory 

4.4 Means of internal transport , 

materials and product weighing 

machine 

4.5 Communication and information 

equipment, factory management 

and operating equipment 

Brand new facility 

- Brand new facility 

- 100% Brand new pipes 

and pipe bridge 

- 100% Brand new 


4.6 Lab equipment - 100% Brand new 

4.7 Maintenance facilities - 100% Brand new 

4.8 Fire detector and fire fighting 

system 


4.9 Lighting system inside factory - 100% Brand new 

4.10 Air conditioners, air ventilation 

systems inside production 

factories 

4.11 Security system (Camera and 

industrial TV) 

Source: Investment project. 


100% Brand new 




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4.2.5 Other changes of project 

4.2.5.1 Human resources 

A. Labour demand 

Balancing of labour demand is established based on reference to organization 

charts of Vietnam Paper Cooperation, Bai Bang Paper Company and analyses of 

production properties of each individual sections, each production stage of BCTMP 

production line and FBB machine factory, so as to calculate labour demand of the 

factory. Human resource is distributed in detail as follows: 

Table 15. Human resource for management and operation of the factory 

No Section Number of people 

1 Indirect production (Board of directors, manager board, 

experts) 

2 Direct production (Heads and deputies of factory 

departments, workers in charge production, operation) 

- FBB factory 

+ Leader and factory office: 06 people 

+ Materials workshop: 30 people; 

+ BCTMP factory: 51 people; 

+ Papering and filming workshop: 238 people; 

+ Raw, waste water plant: 53 people; 

+ Steam-electricity workshop: 89 people. 

- Maintenance section 

+ Leader and factory office: 09 people. 

+ Planning-technical maintenance department: 17 people; 

+ Mechanic maintenance workshop: 54 people; 

+ Electrical maintenance workshop: 37 people; 

+ Maintenance workshop for automation and 

measurement, control equipment: 33 people. 

3 Total 873 

Source: Investment Project. 

B. Working regime 

− Annual working days: 330 days 

− Number of shift in a day: 

• Production: mainly 3 shifts/day 

• Indirect: 1 shift/day 

256 

617 

467 

150 




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− Number of working hour in one shift: 8 hour/shift 

− Highest number of working hour in a year: 7,920 hours 

− Number of effective working hour: 7000 ÷ 7260 hours 

4.2.5.2 Investment capital and implementation process 

A. Investment Capital 

− Imported Equipment & Technical services: 

− Domestic equipment (the own): 

− Construction cost (the own): 

− Installation, erection costs (the own): 

− Land compensation, resettlement (the own): 

4,011,448,000 (thousand VND) 

10,010,000(thousand VND) 

466,460,489 (thousand VND) 



− Fees of TLC, ECA & project management (own):383,423,083(thousand VND) 

− Interest during construction of TCL, ECA: 192,641,506 (thousand 

VND) 

− VAT for imported equipment(the own): 

− Premium of ECA credit: 

− Standby capital (the own): 

− Initial working capital (the own): 

− Total investment: 



279,405,116(thousand VND) 


6,376,808,073(thousand VND) 

Source of investment: Project owner capital and foreign commercial and export 

credit loan under Vietnam government guarantee. 

B. Implementation schedule 

The project is scheduled to be implemented and completed within 30 months 

starting from effective date of equipment procurement contracts for main production 

line equipment (BCTMP and FBB machine) until commissioning and taking over. 

Some important milestones of the project implementation schedule are presented as 

below: 




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Table 16: Schedule for Construction and Deployment of the Project 

No 

1 

Phase 

Preparation and selection 

of supplier of equipment 

and technical service 

Time and contents of implementation 

From first to sixteen month: 

- Establish tender document for contract package to 

supply equipment and technical service; 

- Organize bidding, select building contractor; 

- Proceed with equipment purchase contract; 

- Proceed with construction work. 

2 Equipment supply 

3 

Deployment of 

construction work at site 

4 Equipment Installation 

5 

Supervision, Test run and 

Commissioning 

Next 11 months (from eleventh to twenty first month): 

- Supply BCTMP production line; 

- Supply FBB machine; 

- Supply auxiliary equipment systems. 

24 months from starting time: From first to twenty fourth 

month) 

- Construction of infrastructure work items; 

- Construction of main buildings. 

From month fourteen to twenty sixth month 

- Installation of BCTMP production line, FBB paper 

machine; 

- Installation of system of accessory equipment 

From month No 12 to month No 30: 

- Check, inspection of installation, test run, 

commissioning and taking over 




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5. CHANGES IN NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND 

SCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 

5.1 Changes in natural conditions in the project area 

In order to evaluate changes in natural conditions in the project area we have 

made to collect the latest data on meteorological, hydrology, topography, geology 

conditions... in the recent two years (2008 and 2009) of the project area to assess the 

changes of natural conditions 

5.1.1 Meteorological characteristic 

There are no significant changes on the meteorological conditions of the area 

5.1.2 Topography characteristic 

Project area has been finished leveling ground for plant construction. 

5.1.3 Hydrological characteristic 

Len River is one of tributaries of Ma River, Len River starts from Bong 

confluence to Lach Sung estuary. It is one of tributary of Ma River so its hydrological 

regime is directly affected by Ma river hydrological regime, with two seasons: flood 

and dry season. 

− Flood season begins from June to October. The highest flow happens in 

September, with total flow is from 19% to 22%. Three months of the year (July, 

August and September) that has highest flow and its total flow is from 53 – 

54% of total annual river flow. 

− Dry season begins from November to May of next year; with 2.4 – 2.6% of 

total annual flow; the driest month is March. 

There are only two hydrological stations (Len and Cu Thon hydrological Station) 

for recording of water level in Len River. The flow data is used for EIA, due to 

periodic survey focusing on driest month for having data for long-term planning on 

water irrigation for agriculture. 

Len river hydrological regime is strongly affected by tide in Tonkin Bay, 

especially in dry season. The studying on the effect of tide to Ma river shown that a 

distance of 29 km from its estuary has been effected by tide (over Giang confluence), 

and for Len river a distance of 34 km from its estuary has been effected by tide. . 

The surveyed results on flow on Len river segment (from Len Bridge to Bong 

confluence) are presented in table as follows: 




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Table 17: Results of measuring flow of Len River (1988 - 2010) 

Measuring Time 

Flow (m 3 /s)) 

Year Duration Max. Min. Average 

1988 March 15÷ April 11 69.2 19.8 34.2 

1992 March 7÷ March 19 39.0 16.1 31.4 

1993 March 7÷ March 21 38,7 14,1 27,7 

1994 March 8 ÷ April 22 152,0 37,3 82,1 

1995 March 19 ÷ April 1 70,7 34,1 47 - 48 

1997 March 13 ÷ March 25 158,0 43,2 76 - 77 

1998 March 3 ÷ March 17 42,6 11,7 31,0 

1999 March 21 ÷ March 2 22,6 3,55 15,1 

2000 March 10 ÷ March 23 47,8 14,6 17,2 

2001 March 29÷ April 10 76,8 15,6 51,5 

2002 March 18 ÷ March 30 52,8 00 29,8 

2003 March 18 ÷ March 20 54,9 00 28,9 

2007 March 27 ÷ March 28 67,4 -29,1 (-) 

2009 March 27 ÷ April 24 107 -95,2 14,5 

2010 April 13 ÷ May 11 128 -121 9.9 

(source: Hydro_Meteorological Survey Detachment – Ministry of Natural 

Resources and Environment). 

5.1.4 Geological Characteristics 

There are no changes on the geology in the project area. 

5.2 Changes in socio-economic status in the project area 

There are no major changes in socio-economic conditions in the project area 

5.3 Environmental status changes of the project area 

In order to assess changes in the status of environmental components of the 

project area compared with the same period in 2007, in the period from May 12, 2010 

to May 16, 2010, the field survey program on environmental quality is carried out in 

the Project area. Main equipments use for measuring, sampling and analyzing as 

follows: 

1. Measuring of air humidity and temperature: Testo 625, Germany; 

2. Measuring of wind speed: TPI 565, Korea; 




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3. Measuring of Total suspended Particulates: Haz-dust 5000, USA; 

4. Portable multi-parameters water quality monitoring equipment: YSI 556, USA; 

5. Portable Equipment for microbiology analyses: E.coli and Total Coliform; 

6. CO analyzer: Monitolab, USA; 

7. NOx Analyzer: Monitolab, USA; 

8. SO 2 Analyzer: Monitolab, USA; 

9. Low Volume Air Sampler: KIMOTO, Japan; 

10. UVis – Spectrophotometers; 

11. And, others. 

The results of air, water and soil quality measuring and analyzing in the Project 

area are presented as follows: 

5.3.1 The status of microclimate 

The field survey on air temperature, humidity, wind’s direction and velocity in 

projected area is implemented at site K2 for period form May 12, 2010 to May 15, 

2010. All measured results are presented in table as follows: 

No 

Measuring 

time 

Table 18: Measured results of parameters of microclimate 

Air 

temperature 

( o C) 

Relative 

Humidity 

(%) 

Wind 

Speed (m/s) 

Direction 

1 8 h 28.3 85.0 1.62 South-East 

2 10 h 29.7 83.0 1.74 South-East 

3 12h 30.6 79.0 1.82 South-East 

4 14h 31.4 74.0 1.96 South-East 

5 16h 29.8 82.0 1.52 South-East 

6 18h 28.6 83.0 1.64 South-East 

5.3.2 Air Quality Status 

5.3.2.1 Assessment approaches 

Method for assessment of air quality in projected area is monitoring status of air 

quality on the network of well-selected sampling points. 

A. Site of air quality monitoring network 

For determination of the air quality in projected area (inside and outside), the 

monitoring program is carried out at selected sampling point networks. The measured 




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and analyzed data is illustrated the status of air quality in the projected area. Base on 

status distribution of emission sources and meteorological characteristics especially on 

wind direction and speed, the following air quality monitoring point network was 

selected for measurement. More details of sampling site network are presented in table 

as follows: 

Table 19: The sampling point network for determination of air quality 

and noise level 

No Sampling site 

Coordinate VN 2000 

X 

Y 

Note 

1 Site No.1 - K1 505765,800 207315,200 Projected Area for Products 

storage 

2 Site No.2 - K2 505345,500 207278,300 Projected area for boiler. 

3 Site No.3 - K3 505287,600 206752,500 Projected Gate for receiving 

of raw materials. 

4 Site No.4 - K4 505132,400 207322,300 Projected area for water 

supply station. 

5 Site No.5 - K5 506190,100 206835,400 Office building of Chau 

Loc Commune’s People 

Committee. 

6 Site No.6 – K6 506685,200 207583,400 Residential point near 

projected area for Landfill 

site. 

Location of sampling points for air quality and noise level is presented in figure 7 (See 

Article 10: Annex). 

B. Measured and analyzed parameter 

Some basic parameters are selected for measurement and analyzing that is 

suitable for determination current air quality as well as determination the trend of air 

when the putting Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill on operating. The selected 

parameters for air quality monitoring such as: 

Basic parameters: SO 2 , NO x , H 2 S and CO; 

Total suspended particulate: TSP 

C. Sampling time and frequency 

Air sampling is carried out two times per day, one in the morning and other in the 

afternoon, details as follows: 

- In the morning, sampling is carried in the period time from 8 a.m to 11 AM; 




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- In the afternoon is carried in the period time from 15 PM to 17 PM. 

Technical regulations and guides on sampling and measuring are strictly applied. 

D. Methods of Air sampling and Analysis 

Sampling and analysis methods use in air quality monitoring are in accordance 

with Vietnamese Technical Standards as well as American Standard (Methods of Air 

Sampling and Analysis, Second edition APHA-USA; American Public Health 

Association). 

Table 20: Technical Methods and Equipments use for sampling and analyzing 

No Parameter Equipment Analyzing 

Methodology 

1. SO 2 SO 2 Analyzer - MONITOLAB, USA On site analyzing 

2. NO x NOx Analyzer - MONITOLAB, USA -ditto- 

3. CO CO Analyzer - MONITOLAB, USA -ditto- 

4. H 2 S Small Volume Air Sampler - KIMOTO, 

Japan; 

Analyzer: UVis – Spectrophotometers 

5. TSS 

Potable Equipment of measuring Total 

suspended Particulates: Haz-dust 5000, 

USA 

Vietnam Standard 


E. Methodology of Assessment 

Information and data from the survey will be compared with National Technical 

Regulation on ambient air quality (QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT), and National Technical 

Regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air (QCVN 06: 2009/BTNMT). 

Thanks to that an assessment of air quality status is obtained. 

5.3.2.2 Measuring and analyzing results of air quality 

All measuring and analyzing results of air quality in the Project area are presented 

in table as follows: 

No 

Table 21: Measured and analyzed results on air quality in the Project area 

Site 

Sampling Time SO 2 

Hour Date (µg/m 3 ) 

CO 

(µg/m 3 ) 

NO x 

(µg/m 3 ) 

H 2 S 

(µg/m 3 ) 

TSP 

(µg/m 3 ) 

1 K 1 

Morning May 14. 2010 35 1053 12 0.89 2 

Afternoon May 13. 2010 37 1013 9 1.06 8 

2 K 2 

Morning May 14. 2010 31 1026 10 1.24 5 

Afternoon May 13. 2010 39 937 9 0.89 29 




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No 

Site 

3 K 3 

4 K 4 

5 K 5 

Remark: 

Sampling Time SO 2 

Hour Date (µg/m 3 ) 

CO 

(µg/m 3 ) 

NO x 

(µg/m 3 ) 

H 2 S 

(µg/m 3 ) 

TSP 

(µg/m 3 ) 

Morning May 13. 2010 62 2476 17 1.06 80 

Afternoon May 12. 2010 67 2240 19 0.89 80 

Morning May 13. 2010 37 1070 11 0.53 1 

Afternoon May 13. 2010 40 986 8 0.71 2 

Morning May 13. 2010 38 1046 12 0.89 10 

Afternoon May 12. 2010 43 1164 13 0.53 25 

QCVN 05 : 2009/BTNMT 

(Hour average value) 

QCVN 06 : 2009/BTNMT 

(Hour average value) 

350 30000 200 (-) 300 

SO 2 Concentration measured at all sites in the projected area, ranges from 31 to 67 

µg/m 3 , is lower than the allowable values regulated by National Technical Regulation 

of Vietnam (QCVN 05 : 2009/BTNMT). 

NOx concentration measured at all sites in projected area, ranges between from 9 

to 19 µg/m 3 , is lower than the allowable values regulated by National Technical 

Regulation of Vietnam (QCVN 05 : 2009/BTNMT). 

H 2 S Concentration measured at all sites in the projected area, ranges from 0.53 to 

1.24 µg/m 3 , is lower than the allowable values regulated by National Technical 


CO Concentration measured at all sites in the projected area, ranges from 986 to 

2476 µg per m 3 , is lower than the allowable values regulated by National Technical 


TSP concentration measured at all sites in projected area, ranges from 1 to 80 

µg/m 3 , is lower than the allowable values regulated by National Technical Regulation 

of Vietnam (QCVN 05 : 2009/BTNMT). 

Status of air quality in the projected area for Thanh Hoa Paper and Pulp Mill is 

clean and in good condition. Concentrations of SO 2 , NO x , CO, H 2 S and values of TSP 

are lower than the allowable values regulated by National Technical Regulations of 

Vietnam (QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT and QCVN 06: 2009/BTNMT). 

5.3.3 Noisy Status in the Project area 

5.3.3.1 Assessment methodology 

A. Monitoring site system 

Sites of measuring noisy, for assessment of noisy status in the Project area, are 

42 




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chosen as follows: 

− Site No 1: Projected area for products store; 

− Site No 2: Projected area for boiler 

− Site No 3: Projected area for gate of receiving raw materials; 

− Site No 4: Co Doi Temple (Projected area for water supply station) 

− Site No 5: Office building of Chau Loc commune’s People Committee (current) 

− Site No 6: The residential point near projected landfill site 

Each site with detail latitude and longitude is presented in Picture 7 

B. Noise measured approaches 

Technical Methodology of noisy measuring is strictly applied as well as 

regulations in Vietnam Standard (TCVN 5965-1995). 

C. Equipment of noisy measuring 

Equipment of noisy measuring is Quest - SOUND LEVEL METER - USA. 

D. Methodology of Assessment 

All measuring results of noisy levels in the Project area are statistic, estimation 

and assessment in comparison with those regulate in Vietnam Standard (TCVN 5949- 

1998 - Acoustics – Noise in public and residential areas – Maximum permitted noise 

level). 

5.3.3.2 Noise measured results 

No 

The noise levels in the Project area are presented in table as follows: 

Table 22: Results of noisy levels measuring in the Project area 

Site 

Result (dBA) 

Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 

1. K1 48.4 46.1 45.5 

2. K2 47.6 44.0 47.6 

3. K3 53.5 48.0 46.8 

4. K4 43.8 50.8 44.8 

5. K5 54.8 46.8 43.3 

6. K6 59.6 52.1 45.6 

QCVN 

25:2010/BTNMT 

70 




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Remark: 

The noise levels at all sites in the projected and surrounding area, ranges 

from 43.3 to 54.8 (dBA), is lower than the allowable limited values regulated by 

Vietnam Standard (QCVN 25:2010/BTNMT). 

5.3.4 Status of Water quality 

5.3.4.1 Sampling sites for water quality monitoring 

In projected area, the water sources are classified into tow groups such as surface 

water and ground water. Selected sites for sampling and measuring are showed as 

follows: 

A. Surface water 

Len River is selected for survey on status of water quality because of the river will 

receive the effluent of Thanh Hoa Pulps and Paper. Collected data will be suitable for 

determination the adverse impact on Len River. 

B. Ground water 

Some sampling sites are selected for sampling and analyzing of ground water 

quality in Mill's surrounding area. The selected points where are high ability to pollute 

when putting the Pulp and Paper Mill on operating such as: 

− Households’ well located near projected area that will be a landfill site for 

sludge and ashes. 

− Households’ wells located near projected area that will be placed s waste water 

treatment plant. 

Table 23: Co-ordinate of surface and ground water sample intake position 

No 

I 

Testing Point 

Surface water 

Co-ordinate VN 2000 

1 Position1 – M1 506716,300 207643,200 

2 Position 2 – M2 506858,500 207845,200 

3 Position 3 – M3 504185,460 207240,710 

4 Position 4 – M4 510307,420 208840,520 

II 

Underground water 

X 

Y 

Description 

Water canal in the waste 

yard area 

Water canal in the waste 

yard area 

Water intake position for 

the mill 

Đò Lèn Bridge (behind 

waste water discharge 

point) 




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1 Position 1 – N1 505936,500 207512,400 

2 Position 2 – N2 506574,800 207594,400 

3 Position 3 – N3 506741,600 207545,800 

The well of Mr. Đặng 

Danh Thúy - Châu Tử 

Hamlet, Châu Lộc 

Commune 

The well of Mr. Le Huy 

Cu- Châu Tử Hamlet, 

Châu Lộc Commune 

The well of Mr. Han Ngoc 

Thuoc Hamlet, Châu Lộc 

Commune 

5.3.4.2 Parameters of water quality 

All parameters of water quality are chosen for monitoring and assessment of water 

quality status in the Project area is presented in table as follows: 

Table 24: Water quality parameters and methodologies for sample 

analyzing and measuring 

Parameters 

Physical parameters 

pH 

Temperature 

Conductivity 

Total Dissolved Solid 

TSS 

Oxygen parameters 

DO 

BOD 5 

COD 

Chemical parameters 

- 

NO 3 

+ 

NH 4 

Ca ++ 

Mg ++ 

Greases and Oils 

Biological parameters 

Total coliform 

Equipment for Analyzing and 

measuring 

Portable multi-parameters water quality 

monitoring equipment: YSI 556, USA 

-ditto- 

-ditto- 

-ditto- 

Analytical balance with readability of 10 -4 g 

Methodology 


Portable multi-parameters water quality Vietnam Standard 

monitoring equipment: YSI 556, USA 

BOD Analyzer 

UVis - Spectrophotometers 

Vietnam Standard, 

and Standard of 

ASTM 


-ditto- 

-ditto- 

-ditto- 

Analytical balance with readability of 10 -4 g Vietnam Standard 


Filter, and Desiccation at 35 o C 




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Parameters 

Organic parameters 

Total phenol 

Heavy Metals 

As 

Hg 

Cd 

Zn 

Equipment for Analyzing and 

measuring 


Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers 

-ditto- 

-ditto- 

-ditto- 

Methodology 

Standard Vietnam or 

of EPA 

Vietnam Standard, 

and Standard of 

ASTM 

5.3.4.3 Selection of Assessment Methods 

Assessment method of water quality (surface, ground water) is measuring, 

examining water quality in order to collect necessary information on quantity and 

quality of selected water objects. Collected data on water quality will be compared 

with allowable limited values of those parameters regulating by National Technical 

Regulations. National Technical Regulations are used to assessment of water status as 

follows: 

- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality; 

- QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on underground water 

quality. 

5.3.4.4 Monitoring results of water quality 

A. Status of surface water quality 

Analyzed and measured results of surface water quality of Len River are presented 

in table as follows: 

No Parameter Unit 

Table 25: Analyzing and Measuring Results of surface 

water quality of Len River 

Site downriver 1 km from 

Outlet of the Mill 

Site at Inlet of Water 

Supply Station 

Higher tide Lower tide Higher tide Lower tide 

QCVN 

08:2008- 

column 

A2 

1 pH - 7.14 7.39 7.58 7.38 5.5 – 9 

2 Temperature 

o C 30.16 29.75 30.84 29.38 - 

3 DO mg/l 5.12 3.79 5.25 4.52 ≥ 5 

4 EC µS/cm 247 224 237 221 - 

5 TDS mg/l 147 133 139 132 - 

6 Total coliform MNP/100mL 9500 6500 9900 7400 5000 




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Site downriver 1 km from 

Outlet of the Mill 

Site at Inlet of Water 

Supply Station 

Higher tide Lower tide Higher tide Lower tide 

QCVN 

08:2008- 

column 

A2 

7 Color Co/Pt 19 23 25 20 - 

8 Hardness mgCaCO 3 /L 94 81 84 83 - 

9 COD mgO 2 /L 14.4 7.2 7.2 5.2 15 

10 BOD 5 mg/L 8 3 3 2 6 

11 TSS mg/L 98 80 98 90 30 

12 

- 

NO 2 mg/L 0.04 0.03


higher than the allowable limited values in Column A2 of National Technical 

Regulation (QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT, column A2). 

- And other parameters meet the allowable limited values in Column A2 of National 

Technical Regulation (QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT, column A2). 

Table 26: Analyzing and measuring results of surface water quality in the area of 

waste dump 


Results QCVN 08:2008- 

M1 M2 Column B1 

1. pH - 7.15 7.23 5.5 – 9 

2. Temperature 

o C 31.53 33.26 - 

3. DO mg/l 3.10 2.78 ≥ 4 

4. EC µS/cm 313 269 - 

5. TDS mg/l 181 151 - 

6. Total coliform MNP/100mL 8400 4400 7500 

7. Color Co/Pt 6.5 7.5 - 

8. Hardness mgCaCO 3 /L 99 90 - 

9. COD mgO 2 /L 7.6 10.4 30 

10. BOD 5 mg/L 4 6 15 

11. TSS mg/L 4 12 50 

12. NO 2 

- 

13. NO 3 

- 

14. NH 4 

+ 

mg/L 0.02 0.12 0.04 

mg/L 0.02 0.02 10 

mg/L 0.21 0.35 0.5 

15. Cl - mg/L 7.1 7.1 600 

16. Total P mg/L 0.01 0.03 - 

17. Total N mg/L 0.98 1.01 - 

18. As mg/L 0.002 0.002 0.05 

19. Cd mg/L


the Mill in the future (Site: Latitude 105 o 49.087 E, and Longitude 19 o 57.902 N); 

- M2: Sample taking from canals surrounding area planning to build a Landfill of 

the Mill in the future (Site: Latitude 105 o 48.882 E, and Longitude 19 o 57.695 N). 

Analysis results of surface water quality in the area which is planned for slag 

dumps construction has shown signs of oil pollution, dissolved oxygen concentrations 

is lower than required, and there is 01sample has Coliform count exceeded the allowed 

limit of QCVN 08:2008 / BTNMT column B1. Other components are achieved the 

allowed limit QCVN 08:2008 / BTNMT column B1. 

Remark: Basically, the surface water quality in the project area has no major 

changes compared with the results measured in 2007 survey. 

B. Status of Ground water 

Analyzing and measuring results of underground water quality in the Project area 

are presented in following table: 

Table 27: Analyzing and Measuring Results of underground water quality 

in the Project area 


Analyzing Result 

QCVN 

N 1 N 2 N 3 09:2008/BTNMT 

1 pH - 6.72 6.21 7.05 5.5 - 8.5 

2 Temperature 

o C 26.47 27.28 30.13 - 

3 EC µS/cm 312 82 240 - 

4 TDS mg/l 197 51 142 - 

5 Total coliform MNP/100mL 300 1100 1500 3 

6 

Fecal 

0 

MNP/100mL 0 100 100 

Coliform 

7 CN - mg/L


Analysis results showed that all the wells are contaminated with coliform and 

Ecoli, the remaining other indicators are in the allowed limit of QCVN 09:2008/ 

BTNMT. 

Remark: Basically the quality of groundwater in the project area has no major 

changes compared with the results measured in 2007 survey. 

5.3.5 Status of Soil quality 

5.3.5.1 Assessment methodology 

A. Soil sampling site 

Four sites are selected for sampling in and surrounding area for Projected Mill. 

The location of soil sampling sites is presented in Figure 7 (See Article 10: Annex). 

Table 28. Coordinates of sampling locations 

No Location 


X 

Y 

Position description 

1 Position 1 – Đ1 506796,500 207805,400 Waste dump area 

2 Position 2 – Đ2 505283,400 206672,300 

Gate of raw materials 

receiving area 

3 Position 3 – Đ3 505789,600 207492,300 

Wastewater treatment 

station area 

4 Position 4 – Đ4 505125,400 207315,600 

Supply water treatment 

station Area 

B. Sampling Methodology 

Soil samples are taken on the surface layers in the projected area and surrounding 

area. The soil analyzed results are used for determination of status of soil quality. 

5.3.5.2 Parameters and analyzed methodology for soil sample 

Table 29: Parameters and methodology of analyzing 

No Parameter Analyzing methodology 

1 Cd AAS 

2 Pb AAS 

3 As AAS 

4 Cu AAS 

5 Zn AAS 

6 Humidity Vietnam Standard 5963 - 1995 

7 pH (KCl) Vietnam Standard 5979 - 1995 




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5.3.5.3 Analyzing results 

Analyzed results of soil quality in the projected area are presented in following 

table such as: 

Table 30. Analyzed results of soil quality in the Project area 


Results 

QCVN 

ĐK 1 ĐK 2 ĐK 3 ĐK 4 03:2008 

1 pH (KCl) - 5.20 4.03 6.48 6.16 - 

2 

Soil 

Humidity 

% 18.45 13.26 17.96 18.27 - 

3 As mg per kg 20.47 37.27 20.65 20.10 12 

4 Cd mg per kg 0.19 0.08 0.08 0.25 10 

5 Cu mg per kg 20.71 14.53 15.39 29.54 100 

6 Pb mg per kg 18.81 12.25 12.62 23.78 300 

7 Zn mg per kg 58.43 27.78 48.42 74.45 300 

Source: analysis results –IET- 05/2010 

Note: 

ĐK 1 Sampling at projected area for landfill 

ĐK 2 Sampling at projected area for gate of raw materials receiving; 

ĐK 3 Sampling at projected area for treatment Station ; 

ĐK 4 Sampling at projected area for water supply station. 

In projected area, the As content in soil ranges from 20.1 to 37.27 mg As per kg 

soil. They are all higher than the allowable limited values regulating by National 

Technical Regulation on the allowable limits value of heavy metals in the soil (QCVN 

03:2008/BTNMT). The concentration of Pb, Cd, Hg are lower than the allowable 

limited values regulating by National Technical Regulation on the allowable limits of 

heavy metals in the soil (QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT). 

Remark: Basically, the soil quality in the project area has no major changes 

compared with the results measured in 2007 survey. 

5.4 Ecosystem status in projected area 

During the period from 2007 to 2010 the project area has been just implemented 

the clearance and constructed the coarse of executives office so the impacts on the 

environment as well as ecological in the surrounding area are very limited and does 

not alter the area ecosystem. 




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6. CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 

ASSESSMENT AND MEASURES TO REDUCE THE 

NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT 

6.1 Changes in EIA 

The assessment of environmental impact is done in 02 phases as follows: 

- Construction phase; 

- During plant operation phase. 

As discussed above, in two phases, the works items of construction phase has not 

importantly been changed, so the environmental impacts in this phase was not 

basically changed compared to the presented report on Ex –EIA report was approved, 

but for having a full report, we have still included the content of this phase in the 

auditioned report of EIA. For the period of the plant’s operation due to the 

technologies applied have changed substantially and increased capacity so it should be 

reviewed fully and compared with the assessments of ex-project. 

6.1.1 Source of impacts 

The project will impact to both natural and socio-economic environments 

during implementation process. These impacts could be generated from different 

reasons and causing different impacts to environment. These impacts could be 

generated in different periods of the project for long-term or short-term. Source and 

scope of impacts on environment are listed in the following table: 

Table 31: Source, object and scope of environment impact 

No. 

I 

1 

2 

3 

Source of environment 

impact 

Construction period 

Dust and exhaust gas from 

construction machines in 

construction period (Dust, 

CO, SO 2 , NO x , VOC…) 

Noise generated in 

construction time 

Domestic waste water from 

worker’s activities in 

construction time 

4 Overflowing rain water 

Affected object 

Air environment; 

Direct construction workers; 

Residential areas locate near to 

project area; Ecological 

environment 



project area; 

Surface water source, 

underground water, soil, 

ecological environment… 

Surface water source, ecological 

environment 

Scope of 

environment impact 

Short-term 

in construction time) 

Short-term 

(in construction time) 

Short-term 


Short-term 





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No. 

5 

6 

7 

Source of environment 

impact 

Solid waste 

- Construction waste 

- Domestic solid waste 

- Harmful solid waste 

Gathering numerous 

people 

Environmental problems 

caused by people 

8 Natural calamity 

II 

1 

2 

3 

Operation phase of the project 

Dust and exhaust gas 

generated in production 

processes: 

- Exhaust gas from boiler 

- Exhaust gas from 

transportation facilities 

Noise generated in 

operation processes. 

Domestic and production 

waste water 

4 Solid waste 

5 

Environmental problems 

caused by people 

Affected object 

Soil, water, air environment; 

Health of workers and 

inhabitants surrounding areas; 

Ecological environment 

To make disordered inhabitant 

life, causing insecurity and 

increasing social evils. 

Causing unsafely for direct 

construction workers and people 

in area 

Impact and cause damage for 

economy 

Air environment; 



project area; 


Direct construction workers. 


project area. 

Surface water source, 

underground water, soil, 

ecological environment… 

Soil, water, air environment; 

Health of workers and 

inhabitants surrounding areas; 


Causing unsafely for direct 

construction workers and people 

in area 

Scope of 

environment impact 

Short-term 


Short-term 


Short-term 


Short-term 


Long-term (during 

operation process of 

project) 



project) 



project) 



project) 



project) 

6.1.2 Environment Impact Assessment 

6.1.2.1 Environment Impact Assessment in construction period 

A. Impact to air environment 




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According to planning, the implementation of construction and erection work 

items will last for 30 months with quantity as follows: 

The implementation of construction items in factory will cause negative 

impacts to environment, detailed impact sources are as given below: 

A.1 Polluted sources impact to air environment 

Dust, exhaust gas (CO, SO 2 , NO x ) and noise generated from: 

- Construction machines, equipment. 

- Construction materials transportation and unload facilities. 

During construction process, vehicles, cranes, bulldozers, concrete mixers will 

generate exhaust gas as CO, SO 2 , and NOx…Polluted level depends on many factors 

such as quantity, type and quality of vehicle, used fuel and quality of traffic road as 

well as construction time. Pollution load from transportation facilities can be estimated 

according to coefficient of pollution load established by US Environmental Protection 

and World Health Organization as follows: One vehicle used 1000 litter petroleum 

products will discharge into air environment: 291 kg CO; 33.2 kg CxHy; 11.3 kg NOx; 

0.9 kg SO2; 0.4 kg R-CHO. 

Table 32: Coefficient of pollution load 

Parameter 

Pollution load (g/km) 

Engine < 1,400 cc Engine < 1,400 – 2,000 cc Engine> 2,000 cc 

Dust 0.07 0.07 0.07 

SO 2 1.9 S 2.22 S 2.74 

NO 2 1.64 1.87 2.25 

CO 45.6 45.6 45.6 

VOC 3.86 3.86 3.86 

Source: US EPA (In which S: Content of Sulfur in oil (%) = 0.1%) 

A.2 Air Environment Impact Assessment 

Impact of dust 

Dust generated during construction process is from excavation, soil levelling, 

scattering materials, and material transportation vehicles. Soil is levelled from high 

place to low place and therefore, soil will not be disposed so that impact of dust will be 

limited. Dust load generated from the sand and soil in large-sized particles which are 

difficult to be dispersed by winds. Most particles fall down and deposit near to the 

construction site. Due to the fact that the construction activities run separately and far 

from residential areas, dust impacts to the living environment of the inhabitants are 

inconsiderable. However, dust impact mainly on residential areas located near to 

material transportation road for construction process. 




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Impacts of exhaust gas 

Due to long construction time, the number of transportation vehicles and 

machine facilities operated at the same time are not much (about 20 vehicles). The 

construction of the main project components is carried out within project construction 

site; therefore, effect degree of emissions from transportation to the air is insignificant 

and local. In addition, when the mitigation measures are implemented then local 

pollution possibility will be decreased much. 

B. Noise 

B.1 Source of impacts 

There are not any regulations on noise limits for construction in Vietnam. US 

Federal Highway Management Department requires that the vicinities or activities 

likely to be affected by construction will be defined during study of project 

development together with mitigation measures. The noise limit of A Class of 

construction equipment is presented in Table given below. 

Table 33: Noise limit to construction equipment 

No. Equipment Noise level at the 

distance of 15 m, dB(A) 

1. Compaction roller 

(compactor) 

Requirements of General 

Department for Services 

(U.S.) - dB(A) 

72-88 < 75 

2. Forward shovel 72-96


- Forward shovels. 

- Compaction rollers. 

- Scrapers, graders. 

- Concrete mixers. 

- In-situ pile drilling rig 

- Crane 

B.2 Noise impact assessment 

According to Table 3.3, the noise level caused by these equipments in the 

distance of 15m calculated from the operation location oscillates in the range of 70 - 

96 dB (A). 

Process of sound propagation in the air will depend on the characteristics of 

acoustic wave (wave frequency and length). In the case sound is made from a point, a 

spherical wave system will propagate to the surrounding area at the speed of 363 m/s 

for the first sound (U.S Department of Transportation, 1972). During propagation of 

acoustic wave in the air, wave height (sound intensity) at any given point will reduce 

because of energy loss during propagation. In fact, the sound propagation from source 

point will be indicated with the following formula: 

Noise level at location 1 (dBA) - Noise level at location 2 (dBA) = 20 log (r 2 /r 1 ) 

In which: 

r 1 : distance from noise source to the location 1 

r 2 : distance from noise source to the location 2 

The formula given above shows that when the distance doubles, the sound level 

reduces by 6 dBA. As a result, when the project components are under construction, 

the noise level in the area will increase. Noise levels at different distances from 

construction location are presented in Table 34. 

Table 34 - Noise level forecast in the area around construction location 

Distance from 

noise source 

Unit (m) 

15 30 60 120 240 480 

Noise level (dBA) 70-96 64-90 58-84 52-78 46-72 40 – 66 

The construction process with equipment as above mentioned will increase 

noise level in the area. However, because the construction site is at least 500m km 

apart from the nearest residential area, such activities will not highly affected to 

residential areas. The noise level at distance of 480m from construction location is 

about 40-66 dBA, satisfying Vietnamese standard on noise level. 

In summary: The effects of construction activities to air environment are 

insignificant. At present, quality of air environment at construction site of the project 




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is good, the air is not polluted yet from harmful exhaust gas originated from fuel-fired 

process, and as a result the increase construction facilities will not impact strongly on 

air quality of the project area. 

C 

Impact to water source 

C.1 Polluted water source 

Domestic waste water 

Domestic waste water during construction period is mainly domestic waste 

water from worker’s camps. Table 35 estimate waste amounts per person as follows: 

Table 35: Estimation of waste amounts per person 

Waste 

Waster level (g/people.day) 

Biological oxygen demand of 5 days (BOD 5 ) 45-54 

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 

1,6 – 1,9 * BOD5 

Total solid (TS) 170-220 

Suspended solid 70- 145 

Alkali 20 – 30 

Cl - 4 – 8 

Total nitrogen 

In which: Nitrogen in organic compound form 

Nitrogen in free Ammonia form 

Nitrate 

Total phosphorus 

In which: Phosphorus in organic compound form 

Phosphorus in inorganic form 

6 – 12 

0,4 * Total N 

0,6 * Total N 

0.0 – 0.05 * Total N 

06 – 4,5 

0.3 * Total P 

0.7 * Total P 

Bacteria in waste water 

(Calculate in 100 ml) 

* Total bacteria 

10 9 - 10 10 

* Coliform 

10 6 - 10 9 

* E. Coli 

10 5 – 10 6 

(Source: S. arceivala, Marcel Dekker, Inc.-World Health organization, Geneva, 1993.) 

According to Vietnam Standard, domestic water rate per capita in 1 day is 100 

litter, therefore, with about 500 construction workers in peak construction period, 

volume of domestic waste water get 50m 3 /day. According to table 3.4, a construction 

worker will eliminate about 45-54g BOD 5 /person x day, as a result, total BOD is from 

22.5 to 27.0kg discharging into water environment in peak days. Waste water also 

contain other nutrients such as ammonia, phosphate and bacteria originated from 

excrement. However, domestic waste water has been collected and treated in septic 

tank system so total BOD discharging into environment decrease considerably. 




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Rain water 

In which: 

The rainfall in the Terminal area is calculated with the following formula: 

- q : rainfall intensity (l/s/ha) 

Q tt = q.F.Ψ 

- F : Area of rain water drainage (ha), covering the whole project area. F=55.87 (ha). 

- Ψ : run-off coefficient 

- Rainfall intensity is calculated with the following formula: 

In which: 

q 

( 20 + 

n 

b ) * q ( 1 + C lg P ) 

( t + b ) n 

= 

20 

= 253.73(l/s/ha) 

- n,C, b are the quantities depending on the climatic characteristics of each area. In 

Thanh Hoa, there are n = 0.8768, C = 0.22738 and b = 12.9 

- q 20 is the rainfall intensity for 20 minutes - with one return a year. q 20 =156.4 

- P = 20 years is flood return period 

- t = 15 minutes is calculating time 

- Run-off coefficient: With covering surface coefficient Z = 0.038, there will be Ψ = 

0.1. The calculated rainfall will be: 

- Q tt = 0.1 x 253.73 x 55.87 = 14175 (l/s) 

Calculated rainfall as above mentioned is high, so temporary discharge ditches 

shall be created in construction period to protect flood for work items. Rain water will 

bring about soil, sand on surface face of construction areas into Len River to increase 

turbidity and deposition. Rain water also brings about grease spilled and leaked from 

machines, equipment to pollute water in the Len River. 

C.2 Impact to the water environment 

The key impacts include: 

- Domestic waste water from temporary camps for the construction force. The 

impacts are insignificant because of quantity of waste water is very low. 

- Construction work items are carried out in an area of 55.87 ha. During heavy 

rains, washout of dusts and soils from roads and material stockpiles will increase 

water turbidity and cause deposit phenomena. However, due to the construction 

of earth work items are mainly carried out in dry season, so the impacts are 

inconsiderable. 

- The foundation excavation can affect the underground water source. However, 




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the construction materials do not contain hazardous substances and causes 

inconsiderable impacts to the quality of underground water. Furthermore, the 

impacts to fresh water source are considered inconsiderable because soil at the 

project site has low permeability. 

- Dust (soil, sand) generated from transportation facilities in the area could be 

brought by rain water increasing content of suspended substances in water, 

especially at areas that have high facility density. 

- The loss and leakage process of oil and grease from construction facilities, 

wastes (oily and greasy wipers, waste lubricant, etc.) will contaminate water 

source. This impact can be minimized by effective management of construction 

facilities, machines, equipment and collection of waste oil, oily and greasy 

wipers and proper disposal procedure. 

Therefore, impacts to water environment are mainly from the construction 

activities causing erosion phenomena in rain time in the area far from residential areas 

so it is regarded insignificant. Impacts of this process to water environment is mainly 

the increase of water turbidity of the Len River, which is however only temporary and 

can be overcome by technical and management measures. 

D. Impacts of solid waste on environment 

D.1 Polluted source from solid waste 

Quantity of spoil generated in construction process 

Earth and rock will be taken from high place to low place during levelling 

process. Total quantity of earth and rock of excavation and embankment work items is 

1,138,793 m 3 . Due to quantity of excavation is balanced with embankment quantity in 

factory plan, as a result, there has not refuse earth. At present, factory plant have been 

levelled, the impacts during levelling process are insignificant. 

Quantity of excavation earth is about 2500m 3 for construction work of disposal 

and slag dump, and the quantity of excavation earth is used to embank disposal bank. 

The bank embankment and foundation consolidation work items will be short of about 

9000m 3 of earth, and the short of earth will be taken from Van mountain located on 

factory plan. 

Consequently, the earth and work excavated will be reused for other places in 

the project area; therefore, there are not spilled earth and rock impacting to 

environment. 

Domestic waste water and oil contamination solid waste 

Domestic solid waste: The domestic solid waste include leftovers, fruit 

peelings, assorted packing (nylon bags, paper boxes) generated from construction 

workers. Averagely, every worker a day releases 0.3 ÷ 0.5 kg domestic waste and 

number of workers estimated at peak time of about 500 people, then domestic waste 

quantity per day is about 150 ÷250 kg. 




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Oil contamination solid waste: The oil contamination solid waste in 

construction process is not much and mainly generated from construction facilities on 

project site. Wastes here are mainly grease and oil contamination wiper. According to 

calculation, each construction equipment or machinery will generate about 0.05kg of 

waste per day, with about 50 equipments and vehicles used in construction at peak 

time, then quantity of waste is estimated about 2.5kg/day. The oil contamination 

quantity will be collected and treated reasonably. 

Waste packing and formwork 

Formwork: Formwork types used in construction process are iron and wood 

formwork types. The iron formwork will be reused for several times and do not 

discard during construction period. The wood formwork type is also used and the 

waste formwork during construction time does not contain hazardous substances and 

therefore the wood formwork will be utilized 100% for domestic firewood. 

Waste packing: Waste packing is mainly cement paper and nylon bags, the 

waste packing are strong on mechanics and innoxious so it will be collected to reuse. 

D.2 Impacts of solid waste 

The main impacts of solid waste in construction period include: 

- Increase the turbidity of water when raining, rain water will bring about a great 

sludge and can cause deposition. 

- Soil, sand and other waste materials will generate dust in the air, especially in 

whirlwind condition. 

- Domestic waste without thorough collection will disintegrate and smell bad. 

The impacts of solid waste generated in construction process is controlled by 

Project Management Unit, therefore, effect level of solid waste to surrounding 

environment will be inconsiderable, in addition these effects will be also mitigated by 

managerial and technical measures. 

6.1.2.2 Impact to public transportation 

Construction work items will be carried out in exclusive area for the project, far 

from residential area, and material transportation serving for construction process of 

every item will spread over 30 months, so at a time the density of transportation 

facility will be inconsiderable. On the other hand, the project will built a 2.5km access 

road from National Highway to the factory; therefore, the impacts to public 

transportation will be minimized. 

6.1.2.3 Impacts to local socio - economic conditions 

Construction activities in this stage are mainly focus on the area of 55.87 ha 

acquired far from residential areas. The impacts of construction activities to local 




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socio-economic conditions are mainly positive effects, creating jobs for construction 

workers and local people for long time (about 30 months). 

However, aside from local people, many staffs, workers of contractors and 

people of other areas flocked into the construction area that will cause disorderly in the 

local area. The Project Management Unit of Hau Loc Commune, Hau Loc District will 

coordinate closely with construction manager of contractors to register temporary 

residence for staffs, especially, Hau Loc Commune shall intensify control public order 

in local area. 

Therefore, impacts of the construction process to the natural environment and 

socio-economic situation are negligible. The construction process happens in a 

controlled area and far from residential areas, the impacts are mainly local with low 

intensity. This impact can be mitigated by proper technical and management measures. 

6.1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment in Operation Period 

6.1.3.1 Impact on air environment 

A . Impact sources of air environment 

A.1 Exhaust gas generated from pulp production process 

New generation pulp production technology BCTMP called PRC-APMP do not 

used completely chemical substances of sulphate, sulphite radical, therefore, the 

technology also called sulfur free technology. Exhaust gas is generated from pulp 

paper production process according to this technology include: NOx, dust, VOCs, CO 2 

and other toxic gases. Based on analysis of pulp paper technology and referring of 

foreign documents shows that with the same production capacity, application of the 

technology BCTMP, quantity of toxic exhaust gas will decrease 98.16% and emission 

VOCs will decrease 75.88% comparison with production of pulp paper by sulphite 

method (Table 36). 




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Table 36: Comparison of exhaust gas generated from paper pulp production step 

by sulphite and BCTMP methods 

Production 

technology 

Sulphite 

BCTMP 

Decrease of 

emission 

when 

applied 

BCTMP 

Parameter Emission 

Year 

coefficient 

(kg/ADt) 

Unit First Second Third Fourth 

Output Ton/day 420 480 540 600 

Assorted 

toxic gases 

Emission 

VOCs 

Assorted 

toxic gases 

Emission 

VOCs 

7.6 Kg/day 3192 3648 4104 4560 

5.1 Kg/day 2142 2448 2754 3060 

0.14 Kg/day 58.8 67.2 75.6 84 

1.23 Kg/day 516.6 590.4 664.2 738 

Toxic gas 7.46 %/day 98.16 98.16 98.16 98.16 

VOCs 3.87 %/day 75.88 75.88 75.88 75.88 

Source: CREATE (It is calculated according to pulp paper production technology by sulphite and BCTMP 

methods) – Duke University - Environmental Depense Fund - Johnson & Johnson - McDonald's - White Paper 

No.12. 

Note: Toxic gas includes: Methanol (52.2%), Acetaldehyde (0.2%), Formaldehyde (45.2%) and Chloroform 

(0.1%) 

A.2 Exhaust gas from boiler chimney 

Emission of toxic exhaust generated from boiler chimney is calculated based on 

norm, composition of coal, coal type and exhaust gas treatment technology. 

Table 37: Total emission is generated from coal-fired boiler 

No Components Ex-project Adjusted project 

1 Exhaust Gas Flow (m 3 /h) 87,850 68,120 

2 Dust (Ton/year) 636.77 8,175.00 

3 SO 2 (Ton/year) 613.40 637,65 

4 NO x (Ton/year) 264.69 488.60 

5 CO (Ton/year) 57.26 19.62 

6 VOC (Ton/year) 732.28 3.60 

Note: Calculation according to emission coefficient of US EPA and fuel type used. 

Concentration of exhaust gas via chimney with and without treatment 

alternative is as follows: 




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Table 38: Content of exhaust gas after treatment at chimney mouth 

Ex-project 


Emission 

type 

Flue gas 

treatment 

mesure 

Emission 

concentrations 

after 

treatment 

(mg/Nm 3 ) 

Flue gas 

treatment 

mesure 

Emission 

concentrations 

after 

treatment 

(mg/Nm 3 ) 

QCVN 

24:2009 

(mg/Nm 3 ) 

(***) 

Remark 

Dust 

Electrostatic 

Filter (98 

%) 

18.3 

Electrostatic 

Filter 

(Treatment 

efficiency ≈ 

98 %) 

75.8 216 

Lower 

than the 

allowed 

limit 

SO 2 - 882 

To add the 

powder 

limestone in 

coal 

(Treatment 

efficiency ≈ 

90%) 

108 540 -ditto- 

NO x - 380 - 830.1 918 -ditto- 

CO - 8.2 - 33 1.080 -ditto- 

VOC - - - 6 - - 

(***): Applied coefficient K P = 0.9; K V = 1.2 

With emission volume as 68,120 m 3 /h and applied area is agriculture area then 

applied factor according to Vietnam National Standard QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT 

The table above shows that the concentration of toxic substances in exhaust gas 

are almost lower than allowed limit according to Vietnam Standard (Column B; 

K=0.9; K V =1.2) except NO X exceeding about 10% after applied technical methods. 

A.3 Dust and exhaust gas generated from activities of factory 

Exhaust gas of CO, CO 2 , NO X and gasoline fume will be generated from 

transportation facilities during operation time. The transportation facilities are 

uncontrollable mobile emission sources that can cause bad effects to surrounding 

environment in case of maintenance-free. Activities of transportation facilities for the 

whole factory are shown via transportation quantity of material, product and waste of 

the factory as given below: 




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Transportation of 

chemicals 


gas and coal 


pulp 

37,262 Ton/year 



Thanh 

Hoa 

paper 


pulp 

paper 

factory 

29,700 tDS/year 


waste 

Wood 


180,000 ADt/year 


paper product 

Figure 8: Transportation quantities of raw material, product and wastes of 

factory at 100% capacity 

Throughout diagram as above mentioned, transportation trips of material, fuel 

estimated and production distribution of the factory in a year as follows: 

No. 

Table 39: Number of vehicles going in and out the factory in one year (factory 

capacity: 100%) 

Transported 

material and waste 

Type of 

transportation 

facility 

Transportation 

quantity 

(ton/year) 


times 

(trips/year) 

Transport materials to the factory 

1 


wood 

10 ton truck 240,000 24,000 

2 


pulp 

10 ton truck 48,510 4,851 

3 


chemical substance 

10 ton truck 37,262 3,726 

4 

Transportation of coal 

and gas 

10 ton truck 70,680 7,068 

Transport out of factory 

1 


paper 

10 ton truck 180,000 18,000 

2 


waste 

10 ton truck 29,700 2.970 

From table above, quantity of fuel consumption for transportation work of 

material and fuel as follow. 




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Table 40: Quantity of fuel consumption for transportation work of 

raw material in area 

Type of 


vehicle 

10 ton truck 

transport waste 

10 ton truck 

transport 

material, fuel and 

chemical 

substance 

Oil 

consumption 

standard 

(kg/100km) 


distance 

(km/trip) 

Year (capacity 100%) 


times 

Oil consumption 

(kg) 

30 3 2,970 2,673 

30 60 57,645 1,037,614 

Therefore, total emission load due to fuel-fired from transportation facilities of 

material, fuel, chemical substance are presented as given below: 

Table 41: Emission load from material, fuel transportation facilities serving for 

production process of the factory (Capacity 100%). 

No. Polluted parameters Pollution coefficient 

(kg/ton of material) 

Annual 

(kg/year) 

1 Dust 4.3 4,473 

2 SO2 20 S 5,201 

3 NOx 70 72,820 

4 CO 14 14,564 

5 VOC 4 4,161 

Note: Calculation is accorded with instruction of World Health Organization (WHO) 

Thus, the total emissions from the means of transport of raw materials, fuel 

transportation and product consumption is quite large. However, emission load from 

material, fuel transportation facilities is distributed over the vast space, therefore, the 

impacts on air quality is insignificant. According to calculations, the emissions from 

vehicles corresponds to the adjusted project are larger than the emissions generated 

during transportation of raw materials and products for the plant in the ex- project. The 

main cause is the increase in emissions due to changes in the mode of transport from a 

part inland water navigation into highway transport and the plant capacity has been 

increased. 

B. Environmental Impact Assessment 

In this part, we focus to analyze the impacts of boiler to environment and its 

affected scope. Thanh Hoa paper and pulp paper mill is located on Chau Loc 

Commune, Hau Loc District, Thanh Hoa Province where topography changes 

complicatedly; therefore, the meteorological characteristics of low stratum are also 




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changed complicatedly on space. The factory is about 20km South of Thanh Hoa 

meteorological station. As a result, calculation results use meteorological data of 

Thanh Hoa meteorological station. 

Calculation field of model is limited in bold border on Figure 2 with dimension 

of 11x10km that is divided equally into 100 net points for each direction. Topography 

of each net point is interpolated from map of scale of 1:200.000. The parameters of 

paper factory chimney are as follows: 

- Height of chimney: H= 50 m 

- Temperature of exhaust gas: T= 115 o C 

- Velocity of exhaust gas at chimney mouth: V= 6 m/s 

- Diameter of chimney: d = 2m 

- Coordinate of chimney foot: (105 o 48 ’ 5,3 ’’ E, 19 o 57 ’ 3 ’’ N) 

- Elevation of chimney foot: h = 7.4 m 

B.1 Selection of model 

Used model –Summary introduction of METI-LIS software 

Propagation model METI_LIS of Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and 

Industry – METI - of Gauss type is constructed on the basis of ISC model of the U.S 

Environmental Protection Agency - EPA, which is a statutory model in the United 

State and quite popular in the world. Series of tests in whirl tubes and on site with the 

model was developed by Chemical Risks Study Centre under the National Science and 

High Technology Institute (Japan) with the sponsor of METI, and the pilot version of 

METI_LIS was put into application in 2001. Then the model was further improved and 

completed, the result of which is version METI_LIS 2.03 (2006) - with many 

advantages, being more comprehensive and more user-friendly, etc. 

B.2 Input data 

In this calculation, concentration of pollution substance is considered by 

emission of paper factory chimney. In fact, concentration of emission exhaust at each 

point in calculation field could be affected from other waste sources generated from 

residential area, transportation facilities and other production bases. 

Operation of the factory is lasted continuously following time with capacity of 

100% and waste load is presented in Table 42 as follows: 




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Table 42: Emission loads of factory 

No. Operation alternative Unit TSP SO 2 NO x 

Electrostatic filter in order 

to deodorize dust (98%), 

kg/year 16,350 63,765 488,600 

1 Adding powder of lime 

stone in order to treated 

SO 2 (treatment efficiency: 

90%). 

kg/h 1,892 7,380 68,125 

2 

Fault, without dust filter, 

and without deodorizing 

SO 2 

B.3 Calculation alternatives: 

kg/year 8,175,000 637,650 488,600 

kg/h 946,181 73,802 68,125 

Calculation of air quality parameters is based on: SO 2 , NO x , total dust (PM). 

The factory has used electrostatic filter to treat exhaust gas. Therefore, calculation 

alternatives below are implemented with differential SO 2 and PM. 

Table 43: Calculation alternatives 

Alternative 

With 

treatment 

Annual PA1 PA2 

Hourly according to 

frequency of maximum 

wind (windiness 

condition) 

PA3 

Without 

treatment 

PA4 

Average summer PA5 PA6 

Average winter PA7 PA8 

Calculation of parameters of air 

quality: 

‾ NO x and TPS, SO 2 (without 

treatment) 

‾ TPS, SO 2 (treatment get 90%) 

Analysis of wind rose and wind frequency to select two wind frequencies for 

PA3 and PA4 alternatives as given below: 

Table 44: Characteristic wind frequency of PA3 and PA4 

Average hourly according to 

wind frequency (windiness 

condition) 

Direction of 30 o , wind speed 

1.5m/s 

Alternative PA3_1 

Direction of 135 o , wind speed 

1.5m/s 


Wind 

frequency 

(%) 

4.95 

5.14 

Average hourly according to 

wind frequency (windiness 

condition) 

Direction of 30 0 , wind speed 

1.5m/s 


Direction of 135 0 , wind speed 

1.5m/s 


Wind 

frequency 

(%) 

4.95 

5.14 




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B.4 Calculation results 

Calculation results according to alternatives are presented in table below: 

Pollutants 

Table 45: Average value of maximum year of substances 

Distance from chimney 

to location of maximum 

concentration (km) 

Maximum 

concentration 

(µg/m 3 ) 


05 : 2009/BTNMT 

(µg/m 3 ) 

Calculation results of average annual concentration, treated exhaust gas (PA1) 

NO x 0.68 18.23 40 

SO 2 

0.77 1.96 50 

PM 0.82 0.48 140 

Calculation results of average annual concentration, untreated exhaust gas (PA2) 

SO 

0.71 

2 

19.87 50 

PM 0.76 253 140 

Calculation results with wind speed of 1.5m/s, wind direction of 20 o , frequency of 

4.95%, treated exhaust gas (PA3_1) 

NO x 0.68 150.29 350 

SO 2 0.64 16.15 200 

PM 0.54 4.36 200 


5.14%, treated exhaust gas (PA3_2) 

NO x 0.74 147.44 350 

SO 2 0.65 14.43 125 

PM 0.62 4.11 200 


4.95%, untreated exhaust gas (PA4_1) 

SO 2 0.63 162 125 

PM 0.51 2432 200 


5.14%, untreated exhaust gas (PA4_2) 

SO 2 0.735 159.7 125 

PM 0.621 2047 200 

Calculation results of average summer concentration, treated exhaust gas (PA5) 

NO x 0.68 20.54 350 

SO 2 0.77 2.15 125 

PM 0.82 0.57 200 

Calculation results of average summer concentration, untreated exhaust gas (PA6) 

NO x 0.68 20.54 350 

SO 2 0.71 22.5 125 

PM 0.76 285.97 200 




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Pollutants 

Distance from chimney 

to location of maximum 

concentration (km) 

Maximum 

concentration 

(µg/m 3 ) 


05 : 2009/BTNMT 

(µg/m 3 ) 

Calculation results of average winter concentration, treated exhaust gas (PA7) 

NO x 0.61 21.36 350 

SO 2 0.63 2.25 125 

PM 0.68 0.60 200 

Calculation results of average winter concentration, untreated exhaust gas (PA8) 

SO 2 0.70 22.52 125 

PM 0.74 290.10 200 

B.5 Comments on results 

Exhaust gas from boiler is treated via electrostatic filer system and added 

calcareous powder to coal in burn process to exclude SO 2 . Speed of exhaust gas via 

chimney mouth is 5 m/s, temperature of exhaust gas is 115 o C. High emission speed 

and high temperature of exhaust gas increase effective height of chimney. Therefore, 

the effective height of chimney will be considered in calculation. The increased height 

of chimney, the long distance distributed exhaust gas will be. 

Topography of area is fairly complicated; terrain elevation varies from -3.5m to 

300m. The topography impacts very much to emission of exhaust gas from chimney 

because surrounding the factory there are mountain ranges: mountain range in the 

direction of West-South, mountain range in the direction of East and mountain range 

in the direction of West-North. 

According to statistical data of wind rose of Thanh Hoa meteorological station 

shown that the prevalent wind direction is the East-South direction with wind speed of 

about 1.5m/s, combining with topography, the distribution of maximum concentration 

will locate near to chimney. In the model, wind speed lower than 0.4m/s is considered 

windless. During windless time, emission of exhaust gas is free diffusion process. 

Wind rose shown that frequency of windless of the area is relatively high (50.63%), as 

a result, the concentration distribution of parameters in the annual calculation 

alternative trend distributing regularly on directions, as follows: 

Annual average distribution 

Concentration is distributed in the principal directions: North-East-North and 

East-South. However, according to wind data of Thanh Hoa station, the East-South 

wind is predominated. Therefore, the maximum concentration value is controlled by 

East-South wind blowing to West-North direction, and maximum concentration value 

occurs about 0.78 km in the West-North direction, on territory of Ha Son Commune 

bordering with Len River. In general, concentration values of polluted substances as 

SO 2 , NO x , dust are still low in comparison with Vietnam Standard (QCVN 05: 

2009/BTNMT). However, if dust treatment system stop operating then maximum dust 

concentration (PM) will exceed concentration permission level up to 1.8 times. 




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Average concentration distribution in an hour according to wind frequency: 

With wind speed of 1.5m/s in the East-South direction, the wind speed is 

considered low and distributed closely chimney. The maximum concentration value is 

distributed about 0.65km from chimney in Chau Loc Commune bordering with Len 

River. With North-East-North wind, the concentration of polluted substances gets 

maximum value at location far from chimney foot of about 0.55km in the South-East- 

South direction. In general, the maximum concentration value of substances is still 

lower than concentration permission level according to Vietnam Standard (QCVN 05: 

2009/BTNMT). 

Average concentration distribution in season according to wind frequency: 

Wind rose at Thanh Hoa station showed that wind regimes are classified into two 

seasons, Southeast season and North- Northeast season. The distribution of 

concentrations of each season, mainly driven by the wind. North-northeast one take 

contaminants to the South-East-South, results in the maximum concentration of the 

substance occurs in the area between Chau Loc and Hoang Trung communes – far 

from the factory chimneys of about 0.7 km . In the winter maximum value greater than 

maximum of average annual value and the distance to the chimney’s foot is closer. 

Similarly, for the summer wind and Southeast wind season. Southeast wind season 

take pollutants toward the northwest, so the maximum concentration of the substance 

occurs in areas adjacent to Len River. 

About the magnitude of the maximum value of concentration of substances to be 

considered in two different seasons and differences in the average value is not 

significant 

Conclusion: Boiler activity of the Thanh Hoa paper and pulp paper factory will 

impact to air quality surrounding area. However, due to low coal consumption and 

electrostatic filter measure applied, lime stone powder added in burn process so impact 

level to air environment is low, even in case of inoperative electrostatic filter 

equipment then the maximum dust is exceeded permission level according to Vietnam 

Standard (QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT) only about 1.5 times. Detailed performance 

model results see in Appendix 

6.1.3.2 Impacts to water environment 

A 

Polluted source of water environment 

Waste water from the factory is generated from operation step as below: 

- Pulp production line: 

o Chipping and washing stage 




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o Pulp Refining stage 

o Pulp Bleaching stage 

o Pulp washing stage 

o Chemical and Additive Preparation 

o Sanitary waste water 

- Paper production line 

o Pulp Refining stage 

o Wire and press section 

o Chemical and Additive Preparation 

o Sanitary waste water 

- Domestic wastewater of officials and workers 

- Waste water generated in the waste dump 

- Waste water generated in supply water treatment station 

Waste water from steps as above mentioned and domestic waste water from 

workers will be mixed and conveyed to waste water treatment system. Total waste 

water of the plant when putting into operation is presented in following table: 

Table 46. Comparision of total waste water of the factory between old and 

adjusted project 

Type of waste 

water 

Total waste 

water per day 

(m 3 /day) 

Old Project 

Total waste 

water per year 

(m 3 /year) 

Total waste 

water per day 

(m 3 /day) 

Revised Project 

Total waste 

water per year 

(m 3 /year) 

BCTMP line - - 3,600 1,188,000 

FBB line - - 6,980 2,303,400 

Others - - 450 148,500 

TOTAL 11,700 3,860,000 10,940 3,610,200 

Concentration and quantity of waste water without treatment are calculated as follows: 




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Table 47. Comparision of concentration and waste load in untreated waste water 

between old and adjusted project 

Parameters 

Concentration Discharge Daily load Annual load 

(mg/l) (m 3 /day) (kg/day) 

(kg/year) 

I 

Adjusted Project 

COD 7,373 10,940 80,661 26,618,005 

BOD 2,824 10,940 30,895 10,195,205 

TSS 3,672 10,940 40,172 13,256,654 

II 


COD 600 11,700 7,000 2,310.000 

BOD 225 11,700 2,600 858,000 

TSS 375 11,700 4,375 1,443,750 

The table shows the amount of waste input load (BOD, COD, TSS) of treatment 

station of the project adjusted dozens of times larger than in the previous project, the 

main cause is due to changes in capacity from 50 000 tons of pulp per year to 100,000 

tonnes of pulp per year, increasing capacity from 60 000 tons of paper per year to 

180,000 tons of paper per year and above all is changing production technology. 

However, thanks to apply the waste water treatment technology, the treated waste 

water should be achieved QCVN 12:2008 / BTNMT - National Technical Regulations 

on pulp and paper industry wastewater, detailed waste load discharged into Len river 

at the NEW discharge effluent point of Thanh Hoa pulp and Paper Mill in downstream of Len 

river and far from mill site about 20 km behind the dam to prevent sea water enter the river is 

presented in the following table. 

Table 48. Treated waste load entering Len River 

Component 

Concentration Discharge Daily load Annual load 

(mg/l) (m 3 /day) (kg/day) (kg/year) 

I 

Revised Project 

COD 90 10,940 984,60 324,918.00 

BOD 27 10,940 295,38 97,475.40 

TSS 45 10,940 492,30 162,459.00 

II 


COD 40 11,700 468 154,440 

BOD 6,5 11,700 76 25,097 

TSS 24 11,700 281 92,664 

B. Impact Assessment of waste water to Len River 

Calculation model used in this study is MIKE11 of Danish Hydraulic Institute 

(DHI). MIKE11 is the system of hydrodynamic and water quality model 1D used for 

canal, river, and river system problem. MIKE11 is the high commerce model, 

favorable for user. At present, many agencies in Vietnam as well as foreign countries 




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had used MIKE11 as the special software for forecast. Danish and Vietnam 

Governments had a project of National Ability Strengthening (WAterSPS). The 

calculation in this report use hydrodynamic model (HD) and substance propagation 

(AD) of MIKE11. 

B.1 Calculation alternatives 

No. 

1 

2 

3 

Table 49: Calculation methods for the impact of waste water on Len River 

Operation alternative 

Treated 

waste water 

Untreated 

waste 

water 

Simulation of water quality with hydraulic 

data calculated from 27/3 – 24/4/2009 PA1 PA2 


data calculated in case of average discharge of 

dry season in rise tide phase. 


data calculated in case of average discharge of 

dry season in ebb- tide phase 

B.2 Calculation results 

Calculation results of Alternative PA1 

PA3 

PA4 

Calculation 

parameter 

(Emulation of water quality with hydraulic data calculated from 27/3 – 24/4/2009, 

waste source has treated) 

PA5 

PA6 

BOD, 

COD, 

TSS 

Figure 9: Distribution of minimum, maximum and average concentration of 

BOD along the river 




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COD along the river 


TSS along the river 

In the alternative PA1, amount of waste water of the factory had been treated so 

it impacts insignificantly to water quality of Len River, especially, impacts of dilution 

process of sea water can reach to location VT1, therefore, the impact of factory is 

inconsiderable. The figures and tables in calculation alternatives shown that 

concentration of substances get maximum value at VT1 location and decrease 

gradually to Len estuary. 




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Calculation results of alternative PA2 

(Simulation of water quality with hydraulic data calculated from 27/3 to 24/4/2009, waste 

water source is untreated). 

Figure 12 – Distribution of minimum, maximum and average concentration of 







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In the alternative PA2, quantity of waste water of the factory was untreated so it 

impacts very significantly to water quality of Len River. Although dilution process of 

sea water but the concentration is still very high. The increasing of concentration of 

BOD, COD, TSS substances in this alternative at VT1 point is 47.56mg/l, 126.79mg/l 

and 62.96mg/l. 


(Simulation of water quality with hydraulic data calculated in case of average water 

discharge in dry season, high tide phase, waste water source is treated). 






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In the alternative PA3, water discharge at Ma-Len boundary is the average 

value in dry season (dilution water volume from Ma River is always maintained 

stably), as a result, distribution of substances concentration near to waste source also 

varies little. Quantity of waste water of the factory was treated so it impacts 

significantly to water quality of Len River, especially with dilution process of sea 

water. In alternative, the factory will increase concentration of BOD, COD, TSS 

substances to 0.15mg/l, 0.24mg/l and 0.2mg/l, respectively. 




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(Emulation of water quality with hydraulic data calculated in case of average water 

discharge in dry season together with rise tide phase, waste water source is untreated). 

Figure 18– Distribution of minimum, maximum and average concentration of 







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In the alternative PA4, quantity of waste water of the untreated, discharge at 

Ma-Len boundary is the average value in dry season. With high waste water quantity, 

the dilution of sea water from Ma River still decrease little. The impact of factory in 

this alternative will increase concentration of BOD, COD and TSS substances in the 

Len River to 23.28mg/l, 60.78mg/l, 20.18mg/l , respectively. 


(Simulation of water quality with hydraulic data calculated in case of average water 

discharge in dry season, ebb-tide phase, and waste water source is treated). 






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In the alternative PA5, fluctuation of sea water level present both characteristic 

of semidiurnal tide and diurnal tide, therefore, the variation of maximum concentration 

of substances are complicated more than in comparison with high tide phase (only 

diurnal tide). The impacts of factory in this alternative will increase concentration of 

BOD, COD and TSS substances in water of the Len River at VT1 location to 0.23mg/l, 

0.14mg/l and 0.19mg/l, respectively. 




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(Emulation of water quality with hydraulic data calculated in case of average water 

discharge in dry season, ebb-tide phase, waste water source is untreated). 








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In the alternative PA6, quantity of waste water of the factory is untreated, 

discharge at Ma-Len boundary is the average value in dry season. With high waste 

water quantity, the dilution of sea water from Ma River also decreases little. The 

impact of factory in this alternative will increase concentration of BOD, COD and TSS 

substances in the Len River to 15.99mg/l, 41.75mg/l and 20.73mg/l, respectively. 

B.3 General Comment 

In general, the calculation results of water quality are suitable with dilution rule 

of sea water with water of the Ma River. In this calculation, the dilution of sea water is 

still lower than in practice, because in rise water phase, the concentration of substances 

in sea water is taken higher than in practice. 

In calculation with current tide, with minimum dilution water flow from Ma 

River of about 4.7 m 3 /s, the treated waste water as presented above will impact 

insignificantly to water quality of the Len River at the point near to waste source 

(about 0.5km from outlet of factory) and the impacts of sea water dilution process is 

low and concentration of substances increasing insignificantly. 

In rise tide phases, the rising of water level make tide flow reach closely into 

waste water source making minimum concentration of substances lower in comparison 

with ebb-tide phase. However, the maximum concentration of substances are higher in 

comparison with ebb-tide phase, because of the amplitude of tide in rise phase is 

higher to comparison with ebb-tide phase (minimum water level in high tide phase is 

lower in comparison with minimum water level in ebb-tide phase, maximum high 

level in high tide phase is higher in comparison with ebb tide phase). Backflow due to 

impacts of tidal fluctuation make concentration at locations in area of Len and Cu 

Thon hydrological stations could increase suddenly. 

Based on calculation alternatives, the most disadvantage case that waste water 

is untreated (waste water treatment plant of the factory is broken down). At that time, if 




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untreated waste water is discharged into the river in dry season then COD in water of the Len 

River can exceed Vietnam Standard of class B2 such as presented in PA2 alternative. 

6.1.3.3 Impacts of solid waste to environment 

A. Impact source from activities generating waste 

When the factory is put into operation the industrial solid waste generated from 

production area are as follows: 

- Wood, bamboo chipping area 

- Pulp cooking and washing area 

- Paper machine area 

- Production rolling and finishing area 

- Boiler area 

- Waste water treatment plant 

- Raw water treatment plant 

Thanh 

Hoa 

Pulp 




Mill 

16 Ton/day 

22 Ton/day 

Wood chipping process 

Sludge from water 

treatment system and 

waste water 

Collected for burn (or 

dumping) 

Burying 

60 Ton/day 

Slag 

Burying 

Figure 27– Chart of waste management of THPPM 

From chart above, summary table of industrial solid water is calculated as follows: 

Generating place 

Table 50: Summary data of industrial solid waste 

Waste type 

Waste quantity 

(tDS/day ) 

Treatment 

method 

Burying quantity 

after treatment 

(tDS/day ) 

Wood chipping and 

screening area 

Sawdust, Tree 

peel, 

16 Collection for 

firewood 

Boiler area Slag 60 Disposal and Disposal area 

reuse for 

construction. 

Paper machine area Unspecified Undefined Reuse 100% No 

products 

Winding and Unspecified Undefined Reuse 100% No 

finishing area 

From raw water and 

waste water 

treatment plant 

products 

Sludge 22 Disposal Disposal area 




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B. Impact assessment 

If solid waste (domestic waste, industrial waste, sludge discharged from water 

treatment plants) is uncollected and untreated, it will impact to surrounding 

environment as follows: 

Air pollution: 

Slag, sawdust dispersed by wind will increase dust content in air. In addition, 

biological decomposition process of sawdust, knot will generate bag smell and cause 

negative effect on air environment. 

Soil, water pollution: 

Slag is the harmful waste causing polluted and degenerative soil. However slag 

is utilized for making construction materials (brick, even the ground) therefore 

minimize negative impacts of which to environment. On the other hand, because of 

huge daily volume of slag (around 60 tpd), the factory will have to build slag yard for 

collecting and treating slag. Hence, the negative effect of slag on environment will be 

strongly limited 

Effect of reusing of solid waste: 

Knot, sawdust are reused for burning to create energy and save fuel cost and 

reduce waste collection and treatment cost for the factory. 

Sludge from waste water treatment plant: With capacity around 14 tons per day, 

component of sludge mainly includes organic sludge which would be biologically 

disintegrated therefore if it is not closely managed then will cause polluted 

environment as well as release bad odor and increase re-pollution water, soil 

possibility in the surrounding area. 

To limit negative effect of sludge on environment, the project owner has 

applied hygienic landfill method. The area for hygienic landfill damp is 3ha and 

includes 4 landfill tanks which are built and operated according to one by one method. 

Waste water from landfill tank is collected and treated in the waste water treatment 

plant. 

In summary: It is reported that the impacts of solid waste from paper making 

process has significant effect on environment. However by applying manageable and 

technical methods we would able to manage and control as well as minimize negative 

effect of solid waste on environment. 

6.1.3.4 Impacts of waste dump to the environment 

A Impact sources 

A.1Dust and Emissions 

- Dust and emissions released from transporting sludge (14 tons/day) and slag 

(60 tons/day) from the mill to dumping site. 




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- Dust generated during storage, exportation and importation of slag at the 

dumping site. 

- Emissions generated by decomposing organic materials remaining in the sludge 

from industrial wastewater treatment plant. 

A.2 Waste water (leachate) 

- Waste water generated from the decomposing sludge in the landfill cell; 

- Rain water contaminated by waste and sewage sludge. 

B Impact assessment 

B.1 Impact to air environment 

Dust generated during transportation is not so large due to limitation of the daily 

transport volume which equivalent only about 10 trucks (7 ton per one) and about 2km 

transfer route is quite small. Dust generated by falling slag and rolled up by the car 

from road surface will affect the area surrounding roads and residential area near the 

waste dumping site. However, the road connect from the mill to the slag yard will be 

paved by asphalt concrete, sludge and slag car will be closely covered so the dust 

generated is not large. On the other hand, an anti-dust sprinkler systems have been 

built in the area of slag so it can limit the dust emissions into the environment from 

where they are kept. Thanks to the technical solutions applied to the effects of dust and 

emission gas to the area is not large. 

B.2 Impact to the water environment. 

Wastewater (leachate) discharged from waste sludge landfill, and slag dumps can 

contaminate the receiving water source if without treatment. The volume of waste 

water depends on rainfall in the area as well as the operation of landfill site. By design, 

this waste water will be collected and pumped totally into the common waste water 

treatment plant of the mill so the impact on the area environment is controlled. 

B.3 Impact to the soil environment 

Stored slag and sludge of wastewater treatment which is dumped in the landfill 

site will be able to spread around and can contaminate the soil environment. However, 

due to bottoms of the waste landfill and slag storage yard have been reinforced and 

insulated, and during transportation it have been covered carefully to minimize the 

impact on soil environment. Slag and sludge do not contain toxic substances so the 

risk of soil contamination by wastes is very low. 




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6.2 Minnimization measure for negative impacts, prevention and dealing with 

environmental incidents 

6.2.1 Minimization measure for negative impacts, prevention and dealing with 

environmental incidents construction period 

6.2.1.1 General minimization measures 

In construction period, the project will conduct some general minimization 

measures as follows: 

- Surplus soil, muds and other deposit wastes from construction works must be 

discharged at stipulated areas. 

- Rallying of construction materials, fuels must be at the stipulated locations; 

prevention measures of fire and accident as regulated by State and Project 

Management Board. 

- Ensure labour safety for staffs and workers working at site. 

- Vehicles transporting materials, soil, muds, must be canvassed. After working 

time, these vehicles park at stipulated location. 

- During construction, all machineries need careful operation to avoid effects on 

neighbouring residents. At areas of poor road, vehicles need to slow down to 

avoid vibration and ensure safety. 

- Provide full safety labour uniforms, training sessions on labour safety for 

workers 

6.2.1.2 Minimization measures for air pollution and noise 

A. Minimization and prevention measures for dust pollution 

It is estimated that the amount of soil for ground leveling works is 1,138,793 m 3 

(finished construction works). At waste landfill area, the amount of dump excavation 

works is about 25,000 m 3 , this soil will be used for building encompassed and 

separated dikes. The missing amount about 9,000 m 3 of soil necessary for building 

dikes and treating the dump bottom will be taken from Van Mountain inside the mill’s 

area. The applied measures for dust reducing during transportation will be: 

- During soil transportation process, water spray will be applied periodically 

every two hours in main traffic routes with total water volume of about 50 

m 3 /day. 

- Trucks carrying soil, rock, gravel are not allowed to be overloaded and must 

be canvassed to prevent falling of soil and materials. 

- One truck cleaning system is installed at main entrance gate, so as vehicles get 

cleaned of wheels and undersides before exiting construction site. 

- Arrange standby workers and equipment for gathering of scattered sand and 




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soil and quick recovery of possible road damage. 

- Surplus soil and construction waste will be collected and stored in stipulated 

locations inside projected area. Project Management Board will stipulate areas 

and request written commitments from building contractors. 

B. Minimization and control measures for gas emission during construction 

period 

- Vehicles and machinery for construction work must have validate operation 

registration and ensured of gas emission follow Vietnam standard (QCVN) 

and accepted by project management board; 

- The transportation means that have expiry date of operation shall be interdict 

to use; 

- Organize traffic control in order to avoid traffic congestion inside and outside 

construction site. 

C. Minimization and control measures for noise from construction work 

Minimization and prevention measures for noise include: 

- Speed limit for vehicles and machinery in construction and residential areas is 

30km/h; 

- Machinery causing high noise and vibration can only work daytime, with no 

operation from 0.00 h - 5.00 h at locations near residential areas; 

- Machinery and construction equipment must have validated registration and 

meet Vietnam’s gas emission standards. 

D. Minimization measures for water pollution 

- During construction period, daily domestic waste water is estimated at around 

50 m 3 . For minimization of negative impacts on water sources, 10 temporary 

public toilets with the 3-section-septic tank construction will be built with 

septic tanks capacity estimated at 10 m 3 . Waste water from public toilets is 

treated in 3-section-septic tank system, with final section using filtering 

materials such as gravel, coal, etc, treated water therefore, will meet QCVN 

14: 2008-2000 emission standards column B. Technical chart for domestic 

waste water treatment is shown in following picture: 

Domestic waste 

water from 

workers 

Improved septic 

tank system 

Clean water to main water 

drainage system 

Figure 28: Flowsheet of domestic waste water treatment process 




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- During construction period, solid wastes from construction works are also 

collected and transported to stipulated area for treatments cooperating in 

contracting with eligible public sanitary agencies of Thanh Hoa province; 

- Materials and waste lubricants from equipment will be collected and safety 

storage in stipulated areas inside construction site. Building contractors are 

requested to sign commitment document to follow solid waste treatment 

procedures, cooperating in contracting with eligible public sanitary agencies of 

Thanh Hoa province before commencement of the project; 

- Organize collection and transportation of solid wastes from construction works 

to safety treatment areas; 

- Waste oil and grease from transportation vehicles and machinery will be 

collected and treated accordingly so as to avoid pollution to environment. 




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E. Minimization measures for pollution prevention by domestic solid wastes 

- Establish regulations on public order and environment sanitary in construction 

areas; 

- 50 dustbins will be installed in construction area and organization for daily 

collection and storage in stipulated locations at site. Treatment of waste will be 

conducted by eligible Thanh Hoa province– based waste treatment contractors; 

- Organize training course for workers on sanitary protection at site. 

F. Control measures for labor safety during project implementation period 

Labour safety and health protection measures for workers are: 

- Make planning and arrangement for human resources between and within 

individual work items so as to avoid overlapping; 

- Follow regulations on labor safety in construction organization (arrangement 

of equipment and machinery, power supply system etc.) so as to avoid 

accident; 

- Workers directly handle machineries and equipments must be trained; 

- Establish temporary housing for workers as regulated, supply first – aid – kit at 

site in case of health trouble of workers. 

Site safety techniques: 

- User manual must be attached with equipment and machinery; technical data 

must be periodically checked; 

- Arrangement of signs, indicators, warnings at construction areas; 

- Arrange construction sequence for underground items; make planning for 

construction schedule and directions; 

- Design public lighting system for areas with night time working; 

- Provide full safety and prevention equipment such as oxygen vessels, water 

tank, fire extinguishers etc. in precaution with emergency cases; 

- Provide personal safety equipments such as labor clothing, rubber boots, flash 

lights, etc. 

- Provide safety belt in the case of working at high level. 

G. Minimization measures for prevention of adverse impacts on ecology 

- Collection and treatment of wastes from inside and outside construction site in 

safety conditions; 

- The waste water should be treated before being discharged into rivers; 

- Carry out periodical watering for road throughout construction period. 




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H. Minimization measures for adverse impacts on socio– economic environment 

Construction stage causes the highest adverse impacts on the local socio-economic 

environment. A large number of construction workers will be mobilized to work in the 

area, primarily causing of sudden disturbance in livelihoods of local residents. 

Services will be opened to meet growing demand, this is good impact, however, 

concern is also on some possible negative impacts such as gambling, drug addiction, 

etc. 

In order to manage the above mentioned negative impacts, Project Management 

Board will cooperate with local government of all levels to manage resident 

registration and make propaganda to help minimize negative impacts mentioned 

above. 

6.2.2 Minimization measure for environmental pollution during operation process 

of plant 

Pulps and paper production industry consume a large amount of water for 

production processes and it causes of a large amount of waste (water and solid wastes). 

During production process, in order to minimize sources of pollutions to the 

environment in addition to the application of common technical measures for 

treatment and reduction of pollution sources, the managerial measure also apply for 

waste reduction. Both mentioned measures will have to be worked in tandem flexibly 

so as to help protect the environment, reduce operation cost on treatment, and increase 

productivity. Main sources of waste to have negative impacts on environment by mill 

operation include: 

- Waste water from production line ; 

- Gas emission from boiler and wastewater treatment plant; 

- Solid wastes include: coal residues from coal boiler; sludges from waste water 

treatment plant, wood wastes from woodhandling plant; 

- Wastes from wastes dumps. 

Main measures for minimization of negative impacts, prevention and dealing with 

environmental incidents are presented below according to individual topics. 

6.2.2.1 Minimize pollution by waste water 

Waste water sources from mill operation include: 

- Materials storage area; 

- Pulp production line; 

- Paper production line; 

- Domestic wastewater from toilets; 

- Waste water generated from the waste dump; 




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- Waste water from raw water treatment system. 

Parameters of waste water treatment system: 

Waste water from BCTMP production line derives from chips washing, pressing 

of chips before and after chemical impregnation, pulps washing. The average waste 

water amount of Pulp production line is about 3,600 m 3 per day. 

Wastewater from the FBB production line is white water surplus, wires and felts 

washing water, machines and equipment washing water. Waste water flow of FBB 

production line is 6,890 m 3 per day. As a result, waste water of Pulp and Paper 

production is about 10,490 m 3 per day. 

In addition, there are domestic wastewater, waste water generated from waste 

dumps and waste water from raw water treatment system (sand filters washing water 

...), they are also collected to the treatment. According to calculation, the daily average 

wastewater volume of the whole plant is approximately 10,940 m 3 . 

To process the above mentioned amount of wastewater, a wastewater treatment 

system with the designed capacity is 12,000 m 3 per day will be developed. 

The technical schema of waste water treatment system is shown in figure 29. 

The waste water is treated by the best available technology with three stages 

including: 

Primary stage: Chemi-physical treatment with dissolved air flotation equipment; 

Secondary stage: Bio treatment stage with UASB technology and aerobic 

technology; 

Tertiary: Chemi-physical treatment with Fenton technology. 

The waste water of pulp production line as well as of FBB production is collected 

and mixed together at waste water conduit pipes to treatment plant. Coarse solid 

wastes are separated from waste water in manual screen (coarse screen) and 

mechanical screen (fine screen). Coarse waste including peels, chips, nylon bags and 

other wastes are to be collected and transported for burning or dumping. Waste from 

fine screen including mainly fibres is collected and sell to enterprises for producing 

low quality carton. Waste water after screening is pumped to equalization tank and get 

air injection for maintaining the concentration of dissolved oxygen. In the case of 

sudden incident with production line or waste water treatment plant, waste water is 

direct discharge to emergency pond, from where waste water can be returned to 

treatment after that. 




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BCTMP 

waste water 

Coarse screen 

Sanitary waste water and waste water from 

raw water treatment, etc. 

Paper machine waste water 

Waste for burn or dumping 

Pumping tank 

Fine screen 

Equalization 

Recovered pulp 

Emergency pond 

Cooling tower 

Acid, alum 

Polyme 

DAF 

Float scum tank 

Buffer tank 

Nutrient 

UASB tank 

Burning of biogas 

Sludge circulation 

Aerobic tank 

Sedimentation tank I 

Bio-sludge tank 

Sludge 

thickening 

Acid 

H 2 O 2 , FeSO 4 

pH controller 1 tank 

Reaction tank 

Sludge Press 

NaOH 

pH controller 2 tank 

POLYME 

Condensation tank 

Precipitation tank 

Disposed Sludge 

area 

Sedimentation tank II 

Treated waste 

water tank 

Inorganic sludge 

tank 

Water discharge to Len 

river 

Sludge for 

burning or 

dumping 

Figure 29: Chart of waste water treatment system 




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Temperature of waste water from BCTMP and FBB production is relatively high 

(40-80 o C), thus cooling tower need to be used to reduce temperature to suitable level 

(


tank with partitions installed along the length of the tank. Mixture of water and sludge 

is mixed with natural air by vertical axle air blower. Uses of air blowers help ensure 

that mixing activities is suitably conducted; create horizontal flow and a specific 

mixing level inside the tank to avoid deposition of sludge to bottom of tank. During 

waste water flows inside the tank, aerobic microorganisms (active sludge) destroy 

organic and Nitrogen compounds. Structure of the tank is suitably designed so as to 

effectively remove N & P component by biological method. 

After completion of biological treatment in aerobic tank, waste water is led to 

biological sedimentation tank (sedimentation tank 1) so as to separate sludge and water 

by gravity method. A portion of sludge deposit at bottom of sedimentation tank is 

pumped to biological sludge tank and circulated to aerobic tank by circulation pump 

system. Surplus sludge is pumped to sludge treatment system. Waste water from 

biological sedimentation tank continues to treat by oxydization method, using Fenton 

technology. 

Fenton solution is created by reaction process between H 2 O 2 and ion Fe 2+ in acid 

environment (pH: 2-4). This reaction will create hydroxyl radical (HO • ) – a highly 

active oxidization agent for organic compounds. Biologically persistent organic 

compounds as well as coloured substances will be destroyed to simple substance, easy 

to remove by coagulation precipitation process or completely mineralized, that means 

turned into simple and non-hazardous inorganic compounds. 

Treatment process by Fenton technology include following main steps: 

− Adjust pH 1: at this step, waste water is mixed with acid solution so as to create 

optimal pH environment for oxidization reaction. 

− Oxidization: waste water from pH adjustment step is mixed with ferro sulfate 

and peroxide hydro so as to create oxidization reaction for persistent organic 

compounds and coloured substances. 

− Adjust pH 2: waste water from oxidization step continues to be processed by 

NaOH so as to increase pH to neutral range (6-7). In this period, ion Fe 2+ turns 

into Fe 3+ under the form of precipitated salt, acting as coagulation component. 

Ion Fe 3+ combines with persistent organic compounds or coloured substances to 

form large particles easily deposit. 

− Coagulation and precipitation: waste water carrying large suspended particles 

from pH adjust 2 step is mixed with polyme so as to create larger suspended 

particles, facilitating sedimentation process. 

− Sludge sedimentation (sedimentation tank 2): waste water carrying large 

suspended particles flows to sludge sedimentation tank 2 so as to separate 

suspended particles from water by gravity deposition process. Post 

sedimentation water is transferred to treated water tank before being discharged 

to Len river. Chemi-physical sludge at the bottom of sedimentation tank is 

transferred to waste sludge treatment system. 




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Biological sludge is mixed with chemi-physical sludge and is dewatered at 

centrifugal condensation machine before pressed into sheet at twin wire sludge press. 

Compressed sludge is conveyed to stock area in mill. Discharged sludge is moved for 

dumping at waste dump. 

Treated waste water will be discharged to Len River at the NEW point that is 20 

km far in the dowstream from Mill Site, behind the dam to prevent sea water enter the 

river; The COD figure of treated effluent of the mill should reaches B level of QCVN 

12:2008/BTNMT (National technical regulations on the effluent of Pulp and Paper 

Mills); other figures of treated waste water shall have to reach A-level of QCVN 12: 

2008/BTNMT – National technical standard on waste water of Pulp and Paper 

Industry and A-level of QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT – National technical standard on 

industrial waste water. Due to the average flows of Len River during the drying 

seasons of last three consecutive years are from 3,55 to 15,1 m 3 /s (< 50 m 3 /s) so the 

value of Coefficient Kq = 0,9 and due to the average waste water discharged flow is 

12.000 m 3 /day so the value of Coefficient K f = 1,0. 

6.2.2.2 Minimization measures for pollutions by gas emission 

As above mentioned, gas emission from mill operation is from following sources: 

- Dust from chipping and screening processes; 

- Gas emission from steam boiler; 

- Gas emission from transportation vehicles for materials and finished products. 

Two earlier mentioned sources can be gathered for treatment. The last source is 

dispersible and can only be minimized by uses of new transportation vehicles, regular 

maintenance to reduce gases emission (SO X , NO X , CO, CO 2 , C X H Y , dust) to 

environment. 

Two earlier mentioned sources are different in composition and volume of gas 

emission, thus are separated for different treatments: 

6.2.2.3 Dust from wood chipping and screening processes 

Gases from processes of chipping and screening is gathered by gas gathering caps 

to be transferred to dust separation cyclone. Due to effect by centrifugal force arisen 

from air flow passing through cyclone, dust particles are separated from air flow. 

Cleaned air will be discharged to environment. Recovered wood dust is collected and 

used as fuel. 

Technical chart for dust treatment to be applied in chipping and screening 

processes is given in the figure 30. 

After treatment, air emissions meet requirements in QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT 




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102


column B with the value K p = 1.0 (flow rate


Requirements for dust removal efficiency will be one content of the bid invitation document 

and used as a qualification criteria. 

Operation principle of the electrical static dust precipitator (ESP) is described as 

follows: The discharge plates are arranged with suitable distance. These are located 

between parallel collector electrodes and hanging vertically with distance from 200- 

500mm. When voltage from 40-80kV, the collector electrodes will discharge and 

create strong electric field. This electric field will affect and electricity charging to 

very small element in flue gas flow to make them to negative electricity ions. After 

that, these ions move to collector electrodes because Coulomb force. Therefore, they 

will be accumulate and hang on electrodes. When resistance of fly ash is high, 

electrodes will be removed or knocked periodically according to pulse mode make fly 

ash falling to ash pit. 

Currently, the use of ESP is very common and it is used to dedust for coal-fired 

power plants and coal-fired boilers. To assess calculations the load, and the 

concentration of pollutants in Section 6.1.3.1, the exhausted gas after through ESP 

has content of dust reached 75.8 mg/Nm 3 lower than allowed limit (216 mg/Nm 3 ) by 

QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT with applicable discharge coefficient Kp = 0.9 (traffic 

emissions by 20.000 m 3 /h


Coal used for burning in the boiler is Quang Ninh coal with low Sulfur content. 

Fluidized bed technology permits completely burning of fuel and limestone powder is 

added during combustion. Thanks to limestone addition so SO 2 generated by burning 

coal which is disposed directly in the combustion chamber. The reduction of SO 2 in 

the boiler occurs in the following reaction: 

CaCO 3 = CaO + CO 2 (1) 

CaO + SO 2 + 1/2 O 2 = CaSO 4 (2) 

Product created is plaster which discharged from the combustion chamber along 

with ash and slag. According to the design, SO 2 removal efficiency of this method 

reaches 90%. As a result, the quality of coal above and apply limestone injection 

measures into boiler, the concentration of SO 2 will be reached 108 mg/Nm 3 , this 

concentration is lower than the allowed limit (540 mg/Nm 3 ) by QCVN 19:2009/ 

BTNMT column B with the applicable flow coefficient Kp = 0,9 and area coefficient 

Kv = 1,2. 

• Reduce the concentration of NO x in the boiler flue gases: 

NOx emissions generated by oxidation of nitrogen contained in fuel and air 

within high-temperature environment (> 1200 o C). The volume of NOx is higher when 

the fired temperature higher. Thank to Apply the fluidized bed burning technology the 

fired temperature is only from 800 to 900 o C. According to technical documents, 

fluidized bed boiler can restrict the amount of NOx is 65% compared with pulverized 

coal boiler. So, with combustion control temperatures among 800-900 o C, NOx 

concentration in the flue gases of boiler can reached QCVN 19:2009 / BTNMT 

column B without the need for additional external filter eliminate NOx. 

6.2.2.5 Minimization measures for the boiler flue gases 

In addition to technical measures applied for minimization of gases emission from 

steam boiler, the company will apply some management and operation measures as 

follows: 

- Operate the system follows procedures so as to reach the highest productivity; 

- Periodical maintenance and repairing work for equipment in the system; 

- Commitment to stop mill operation in the case of failure to work of 

environment treatment equipments, or ESP system has a mistakes; 

- Improve awareness of staff and personnel operating the system; 

- Pledge to keep pollution level of gas emission following environmental 

standards such as QCVN 19:2009 and QCVN 20:2009. 

6.2.2.6 Minimization measures for pollution by solid wastes 

Pollution of solid industrial wastes is generated from following sources: 




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- Wood Chipping area 

- BCTMP production line; 

- FBB production line; 

- Roll handling and finishing area; 

- Boiler area; 

- Raw and waste water treatment plant. 

Components of solid waste sources as above listed are different, therefore many 

different mitigation measures will be apply suitably. The mitigation measures are as 

follows: 

Solid waste from chipping process (organic substances: sawdust, bark) will be 

collected and treated by endoergic burning. Broke and unacceptable product from 

paper machine and roll handling and finishing area will be collected and reprocessed 

100%. Waste sludge from waste water treatment and supply water plants, slag from 

boiler has a large amount and negative impact to environmental in the case 

management badly. Mitigation measures for negative impact of waste slag and sludge 

are as follows: 

Boiler solid wastes: Boiler solid wastes are mainly slag generated from coal-fired 

and limestone-fired without harmful substances. Every day about 60 ton slag is 

discharged from boiler. In order to minimize environmental pollution, the factory will 

apply mitigation measures such as: slag is gathered into slag dump and supplying to 

material production bases. Area of slag dump is 1 ha, detail design of slag dump is as 

follows: 

Wall of 3m high will be built around slag dump. Foundation of wall is made by 

concrete, wall body made by brick with attached column of reinforcement concrete. 

Inside the slag dump is divided into small part with boulder wall bonded by brick of 1- 

1.5m high. Floor of slag dump is made by earth compacted and break stone of 1x2 

overlaid on surface layer with thickness of about 20cm, and finally, concrete layer of 

200 grade with thickness of 200mm overlaid on top in order to ensure safety for road 

surface when vehicles running. A rain water collection system is constructed 

separately for each storage cell, in addition a manhole system is also arranged to 

collect slag ash before discharging into general drainage system. After filled-up 

storage cell with slag, the cells are covered with canvas to prevent from rain water 

penetration and dust emission. One watering system will also constructed at slag fill 

location together watering the slag transportation road in order to decrease dust 

emission to environment. 

Waste sludge raw water and waste water treatment plant: Waste sludge contain 

sludge, organic substances and a part of residual chemicals with high pollution. The 

factory will apply burying method for treatment of waste sludge, and waste water 

generated from burying cell of waste sludge will be pumped to general treatment area 

of the factory. 

According to calculation, there are about 14 ton of waste sludge with humidity of 

70% will be transported from water treatment plant to burying area every day. Waste 

sludge mainly contains organic contaminants generated from aerobic and anaerobic 




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106


deposition process of waste water. At present there have not any study on waste sludge 

of pulp paper industry by Bleaching Chemical – Thermal- Mechanical Technology 

BCTMP yet in Vietnam. However, according to study of Defense Fund - Johnson & 

Johnson - McDonald's on waste sludge from pulp paper industry by Bleaching 

Chemical – Thermal- Mechanical Technology BCTMP, content of heavy metal is very 

low. 

No. 

Table 51:Heavy metal in waste sludge from pulp paper production area 

(BCTMP) 

Name of 

metal 

BCTMP 1995 [1] 

(ppm dry weight) 

QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT 

Threshold hazardous waste – 

Base absolute content, H (ppm) 

1 Bo Undetected (-) 

2 Cd 0.8 10 

3 Cr 22.0 100 

4 Cu 6.0 (-) 

5 Fe 1.5 (-) 

6 Pb 2.8 300 

7 Mn 30.0 (-) 

8 Hg Undetected 4 

9 Ni 5.0 1400 

10 Zn 40.0 5000 

Source Christer Henricksson, Technical Supervisor, Slave Lake Pulp 

Note (-) Do not stipulate in QCVN 07 2009/BTNMT 

Comparison of study results on waste sludge by Bleached Chemical -Thermo- 

Mechanical Pulping – BCTMP with threshold hazardous waste in accordance with 

QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT shown that waste sludge from waste water treatment plant of 

Thanh Hoa pulp paper and paper factory do not belong to harmful waste substance. 

However, in order to prevent negative impacts of waste sludge burying to 

environment, Thanh Hoa Paper Joint Stock Company will examine harmful limit of 

waste sludge according to QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation 

on harmful waste threshold before buried. 

Waste sludge burying area is constructed on area of about 3 ha and divided into 04 

small cells, each cell has area of about 7500m 2 . The burying area is designed 

according to TCXDVN 261:2001 – Solid waste burying – Design Standard. Number 

of principal points regarding design standard of sludge burying is as follows: 

- The wall, foundation and partition wall of burying cell has firmly structure 

ensuring the safety for operation process. Requirement load of foundation of 

burying cell is higher than 1 kg/cm 2 . Base of burying cell has suitable slope for 

collection of leakage water. Wall and foundation of burying cell is designed an 




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antiseepage layer HDPE with maximum permeability coefficient of 10 -7 cm/s. 

- Collection system of leakage water from landfill base will be constructed in 

order to gather waste water to collection well made by reinforcement concrete. 

Waste water from collection well gravity flow to general tank at pump station. 

Collected water from landfill is pumped to treat together with waste water from 

production process of the factory. 

- Rain water drainage system is designed and constructed around landfill in order 

to prevent rain water overflowing into landfill during operation process. 

- One gas escape system will be installed to the landfill. 

Solution on management of operation will be applied such as: Waste sludge is 

buried according to item by item mode. Sludge is only buried in next cell after the 

previous cell filled and closed in accordance with defined. At each cell, waste sludge is 

filled according to procedure of overlap fill with intermediate covering layer in order 

to limit rain water penetrating to landfill. 




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7. CHANGES OF PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL 

MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING 

7.1 Program of environmental management 

7.1.1 Program of environmental management 

Environmental management is the content which has been interested especially by 

factory in both the stage of construction and production operation. Environmental 

management activities of factory include: 

- Develop and promulgate the regulations on environmental protection including 

regulation for management of wastewaters, industrial solid wastes, hazardous 

wastes and domestic wastes. 

- Promulgate the process of management and operation for industrial wastewater 

treatment plant and emissions treatment system. 

- Develop the options of prevention and restoration for environmental problems 

such as chemical leakages, problems of environmental works (treatment of 

waste water and emissions). Develop and install the system of burning warning 

and firefighting. 

- Promulgate the regulations on safety operation for storehouses and freight 

yards which used to contain the materials. Develop and install the system of 

traffic and warming billboards to ensure the safety for activities in production 

areas and freight yards of factory. 

- Educate and enhance the knowledge and responsibility awareness of staffs and 

workers of factory in environmental protection activities. 

- Develop the areas of verdure, flower garden and decorative plants in the office 

and production zones. Implement regularly the careenage and maintenance 

activities for internal traffic system; and organize and implement regularly 

water pumping to reduce dust dispersion on the lines which have high 

circulation density. 

- Maintain the regime of careenage and maintenance for drainage system of rain 

water and waste water; and control the operation of waste dumping site. 

- Invest and develop the analysis laboratory with suitable equipments to serve 

environmental monitoring activities which approved by environmental 

management organization. 

The detail environmental management program is presented in following table: 




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Table 52: Environmental management program 

No. 

I 

Environment 

problem 

Construction stage 

1 Dust and gas 

emission 

2 Waste water, rain 

water 

3 Solid waste and 

construction waste 

Main impacts 

Impact to air environment 

and health of inhabitant 

Impact to water environment 

and ecosystem in the project 

area 

Impact to water 

environment, 

air 

environment 


ecosystem… 

4 Noise Impact to health of 

inhabitant 

II 

Operation stage 


emission from 


vehicles 


emission from 

chimney of boiler 


and health of inhabitant. 


and health of inhabitant. 

Overcome measures 

Cover works during 

construction time. 

Use good equipment in 

construction process. 

Installation of public 

toilets with suitable septic 

tank. 

Collection and treatment 

of domestic waste water. 

Installation of temporary 

sedimentation tank in 

order to decrease 

turbidity 


sedimentation phenomena 

of drainage outlet 

Collect waste and 

transport to treatment 

area. 

Contact with appropriate 

authorities of Thanh Hoa 

on treatment waste 

Cover works, do not 

operate equipment 

generated big noise, 

especially for time from 

00h to 5h everyday. 

Create 

green 

environment, clean (or 

watering) transportation 

route. 

Installation and operation 

of treatment system of 

gas emission meeting QC 

VN 19: 2009/BTNMT 

(maximum permitted 

concentration = column B 

x (Kp = 0.9) x (Kv = 1.2) 

Agencies 

responsible to 

carried out 

overcome 

measures 

Project 

Owner 

combines 

with 

construction 

contractor 


Owner 

combines 

with 

construction 

contractor 


Owner 

combines 

with 

construction 

contractor 


Owner 

combines 

with 

construction 

contractor 


Owner 


Owner 




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No. 

Environment 

problem 

Main impacts 

3a Waste water For the beginning discharged 

effluent point far from mill 

site 2km in downstream of 

Len river: 

Impact to water quality and 

water ecosystem of Len 

River 

3b Waste water For the NEW discharge 

effluent point of Thanh 

Hoa pulp and Paper Mill 

in downstream of Len 

river and far from mill site 

about 20 km behind the 

dam to prevent sea water 

enter the river: 

Impact to water quality and 

water ecosystem of Len 

River 

4 Solid waste and 

waste sludge 

5 Noise from 

equipment during 

construction period 

Impact to water 

environment, 

air 

environment, ecosystem and 

health of inhabitant. 

Impact to health of 

inhabitants. 

Overcome measures 

Installation of automatic 

monitoring system for 

norms of discharge, dust, 

CO, NO x , SO 2 



waste water meeting QC 

VN 12: 2008/BTNMT 


concentration = column 

A x (Kp = 1.0) x (Kv = 

1.2) and other norms 

meeting QCVN 

24:2009/BTNMT. 



indicators: discharge, 

TSS, COD, color and pH 



waste water meeting QC 

VN 12: 2008/BTNMT 


concentration of COD = 

column B x (Kp = 1.0) x 

(Kv = 1.2) and other 

norms meeting collum A 

of QCVN 

12/2008/BTNMT và 

24:2009/BTNMT. 



indicators: discharge, 

TSS, COD, color and pH 

Collection, storage and 

treatment in accordance 

with procedure at waste 

sludge. 

Maintenance and periodic 

replacement equipments 

Agencies 

responsible to 

carried out 

overcome 

measures 


Owner 


Owner 


Owner 


Owner 

7.2 Environmental monitoring program 

In general, the production process of paper and pulp paper will discharge waste 




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water, gas emission and solid waste impacting to surrounding environment Along with 

large amount of water and chemicals is used, large amount of waste is also discharged 

into environment, this is the specific characteristics of paper and pulp paper industry. 

However, amount of waste water and waste load discharged into environment mainly 

depend on technology of production and technology of waste treatment applied and 

used by factory. Therefore, monitoring of environment quality during construction and 

operation stages is obligation task defined in environmental protection law. 

Environmental monitoring include all activities as “Observation – measurement – 

analysis - information record - processing of data” on environmental parameters 

regularly, continuously in order to detect timely the negative impacts to environment 

to reduce the costs of environmental improvement and pollution treatment; and protect 

environment effectively. 

For Thanh Hoa Paper and Pulp Production Factory (Thanh Hoa PMPF), due to 

this factory which built at rural area with low population density, production activities 

are carried out on the large area (about 60 ha) with modern paper production 

technology, so the effect of waste types from production process to environment is not 

great. However, waste water, gas emission from production activities usually includes 

pollutants. Thus the implementation of environmental monitoring activities in the 

inside and outside of factory (surrounding area) will be implemented. 

7.2.1 Content of environmental monitoring 

Based on assessing and analyzing the construction and production process for 

Thanh Hoa PMPF, environmental monitoring program of this factory is implemented 

according to the stages as follow: 

7.2.1.1 Construction stage 

Construction stage is relatively long-term (about 30 months), many different 

means and equipments applied and used to build the factory, so impacts caused by 

these means and equipments to ambient environment are not small, such as dust and 

noise which generated from bulldozing land and making surface, transporting building 

materials and activities of machines. Environmental monitoring during construction 

period will focus to quality monitoring of air, waste water and surface water. 

A. Air environment monitoring 

- Monitoring site: 04 sites 

- Monitoring parameter: total dust (TSP), SO 2 , NO 2 , CO and noise level 

- Monitoring frequency: 1 time per quarter (duration of each monitoring times 

is one day). 

Monitoring locations are presented in following figure and table: 




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No. 

Table 53: Location of air quality and noise monitoring during 

construction period 

Measurement point 


X 

Location describe 

1 Point No.1 - K1 505765.800 207315.200 Product storage (in the future) 

2 Point No.2 - K2 505345.500 207278.300 Boiler (in the future) 

3 Point No.3 - K3 505287.600 206752.500 Material gate (in the future) 

4 Point No.4 - K4 505132.400 207322.300 

Y 

Supply water treatment plant 

(in the future) 

5 Point No.5 - K5 506685.200 207583.400 Residential area near to landfill 

B. Waste water environment monitoring 

- Monitoring location: 01 point (at waste water ditch). Detail location will be 

defined on layout. 

- Monitoring parameter: presented in table 55. 

- Monitoring frequency: : 1 times per quarter (duration of each monitoring times 

is one day) 

C. Surface water monitoring 

No. 

- Monitoring location: 02 points, in detail as follows: 

Measurement point 

Table 54: Coordinate of surface water monitoring 


X 

Location describe 

1 Point 1 – M1 506716.300 207643.200 Water ditch at landfill 

4 Point 2 – M2 510307.420 208840.520 Do Len Bridge 

- Monitoring parameter: presented in table 55. 

- Monitoring frequency: : 1 times per quarter (duration of each monitoring times 

is one day) 

Table 55– Monitoring parameters of surface water and waste water 

No. Observation Parameters Waste water Water of Len River 

1. pH * * 

2. Dissolve oxygen * 

3. Total suspended solid (TSS) * * 

Y 




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No. Observation Parameters Waste water Water of Len River 

4. Total dissolve solid (TDS) * * 

5. COD * * 

6. BOD 5 * * 

7. Sulfur * 

8. Amoni * * 

9. Nitrate * * 

10. Nitrite * 

11. Clorua * 

12. Total surface active substances * 

13. Lubricant * * 

14. Total Coliform * * 

15. Hg * 

16. As * 

17. Cd * 

18. Pb * 

7.2.1.2 Operation stage 

In operation stage environmental monitoring activities mainly focus to objects as 

follow: 

- Monitoring of air environment quality (gas emission from chimney and 

ambient air quality) 

- Monitoring of water environment quality (waste water, surface water and 

underground water). 

A. Monitoring of air environment quality 

A1. Objective of air environmental quality monitoring 

The objectives of air environment quality monitoring are: 

- Monitoring of concentration of pollutants from factory’s chimney. 

- Monitoring of concentration of pollutants generated from factory’s activities 

outside of factory. 

A2. Monitoring locations 

Monitoring of air environment quality implemented for boiler chimney and 




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ambient air environment includes: 

• Monitoring of emission source 

- Monitoring site: chimney of boiler (automatic monitoring and periodic 

measurement 1 time per quarter) 

- Monitoring frequency: Continuous monitoring 

- Monitoring parameter: discharge, temperate of gas emission, SO2, NOx, CO and 

dust. 

• Monitoring of ambient air environment and noise: 

Monitoring location: 

- Barrier outside factory: 03 sites (detail location see Figure 33) 

+ K1 – the head of prevailing windward: Office of Chau Loc Commune 

People Committee 

+ K2 - the End of windward (distance of site is about 600m from chimney) 

+ K3 - the End of prevailing windward (distance of site is about 600m from 

chimney) 

Production zone: 04 sites 

+ Pulp mill 

+ Ambient zone of boiler 

+ Waste water treatment plant 

+ Waste landfill 

Monitoring frequency 

- Monitoring of air ambient and noise: one time per quarter 

- Monitoring of air ambient inside factory and noise: one time per quarter. 

Monitoring parameters 

Monitoring parameters for air environment quality at factory are presented in 

following tables: 

No. 

Table 56 – Monitoring parameter of air quality and noise outside factory 

Monitoring 

parameter 

The head of 

windward 

The end of windward 600m from main 

chimney 

First point 

Second point 

1 SO 2 * * * 




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No. 

Monitoring 

parameter 

The head of 

windward 

The end of windward 600m from main 

chimney 

First point 

Second point 

2 H 2 S * * * 

3 NO x * * * 

4 Total dust (TSP) * * * 

5 Noise * * * 




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No. 

Table 57 – Monitoring parameter of air quality and noise inside factory 

Monitoring 

parameter 

Pulp workshop Boiler Waste water 

treatment 

plant 

Piece 

cutting area 

1 SO 2 * * * - 

2 H 2 S * - * - 

3 NOx * * * - 

4 CO * * * 

5 Total dust (TSP) * * * * 

6 Noise * * * * 

A3. Regulation of observation and sample analysis 

- Observation regime: 

+ Observation of emission resources: Regularly observation by automatic 

equipment 

+ Observation of ambient air: one monitoring time last continuously 01 day 

collecting 03 samples per day for each monitoring parameter with frequency 

1 time per quarter. 

- Measurement and analysis method 

+ Measurement and analysis method is based on Vietnamese environment 

standards (QCVN and TCVN). 

B. Monitoring of water environment quality 

B1. Objectives of water environmental quality monitoring 

Collect of information of waste water quality in order to assess execution level 

according to environmental standard and to assess impact level of waste water to water 

quality of Len River. 

B2. Monitoring locations of water quality 

Objectives of water quality monitoring include: 

- Waste water; 

- Water quality of Len river (receiving zone of discharge source); 

- Underground water (at waste dumping site). 

B3. Monitoring of waste water component 

- Monitoring site: at discharge entrance into Len River 




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- Monitoring frequency, observation and analysis parameters: 

+ Daily and hourly monitoring parameters: pH, To, DO. 

+ One automatic monitoring is set up to measure following parameters: 

Discharge, pH, TSS, chromaticity, COD. 

+ Monitor periodically one time per quarter parameter presented in table 58. 

B4. Water quality monitoring of Len River 

- Monitoring site: at 03 sites as follow: 

+ First site: water supply intake for factory: 01 point (S1) 

+ Second site: section passing factory’s port: 01 point (S2) 

+ Third site: at lower reaches of waste water outlet about 500m from factory 

(S3, S4) 

Sampling frequency: one time per quarter (sampling time at crest of tide); analysis 

of parameter is planned as in table 58. 

Sampling location at each site: water sample is collected at main vertical which 

has great and stable flow. Sampling point is presented as follows: 

Sampling point 

0.4h 

Figure 35 - Sampling point at cross section on Len River 

B5. Underground water quality monitoring 

Monitoring point is arranged as follows: 

- Monitoring area: around waste dumping site and waste water treatment plant 

- Number of point monitoring: 02 wells (G1, G2 & G3). 

- Sampling depth: aquifer 

- Sampling frequency: 01 time per quarter 




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B6. Monitoring parameter of water quality 

No. 

Table 58 – Parameter of monitoring of waste water, surface water and 

underground water 

Monitoring parameters 

Waste 

water 

Water 

surface of 

Len river 

Underground 

water 

1. pH (**) * * 

2. Temperature of water (**) * * 

3. Dissolve oxygen * 

4. Chromaticity (**) * 

5. Total suspended solid (TSS) (**) * * 

6. Total dissolve solid (TDS) * 

7. COD (**) * * 

8. BOD 5 * * 

9. Amoni * * * 

10. Nitrate * * * 

11. Nitrite * * * 

12. Total nitrogen * * 

13. Total phosphorus * * 

14. Lubricant * * 

15. Total phenyl * * * 

16. Hg * * * 

17. As * * * 

18. Cd * * * 

19. Pb * * * 

20. Total Coliform * * * 

Note: * Monitoring parameter; 

B7. Method of sampling and analysis 

**: Automatic monitoring parameter 

Method of sampling, analysis, calculation and identification for each parameter 

and their concentration is accorded with Vietnamese standards. 




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Table 59 – Applied standard for environmental monitoring process 

Environmental 

component 

- Ambient air 

- Harmful waste 

- Surface water 

- Underground water 

- Production waste 

water 

- Domestic waste 

water 

- Soil environmental 

- Industrial gas 

emission 

Applied standards and codes 

- QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT – National Technical Regulations on 

ambient air quality; 


harmful in ambient air; 

- QCVN 07: 2009/BTNMT – National Technical Regulations on 

harmful waste limit; 

- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulations on 

surface water quality; 


underground water quality; 


industrial paper and pulp paper waste water; 

- QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulations on 

industrial waste water; 


domestic waste water; 


permitted limit of heavy metal in soil. 

- QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulations 

regard to pesticides residues on plants protective agent in soil; 

- QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulations 

regard to industrial gas emission for dust and inorganic 

substance; 

- QCVN 20: 2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulations 

regard to industrial gas emission for organic substance; 




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8. OTHER CHANGES 

Apart from the changes presented in part 1 of the Project “Thanh Hoa paper and 

pulp paper mill”, there are any changes. 

The changes of Vietnamese Law on environmental protective field are presented 

in follow part: 

- Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP dated February 28, 2008 of the Government on 

amendment and supplement a number of articles of the Decree No. 80/2006/ND- 

CP of the Government dated August 09, 2006, detailing and guiding on 

implementation articles of the Environmental Protection Law; 

- Decree No.117/2009/ND-CP dated December 31, 2009 of the Government on the 

handling of law violations in the domain of environmental protection; 

- Circular No.05/2008/TT-BTNMT dated December 8, 2008 of the Ministry of 

Natural Resources and Environment guiding strategic environmental assessment, 

environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment; 

- Circular No.13/2009/TT-BTNMT dated August 18, 2009 of Ministry of Natural 

Resources and Environment on promulgating regulation of establishment and 

operation of Board for assessment of Master EIA report and Board for assessment 

of EIA report; 

- Decision No.04/2008/QD-BTNMT dated July 18, 2008 of Ministry of Natural 

Resources and Environment on promulgating National Environmental Code; 

- Decision No.16/2008/QD-BTNMT dated December 31, 2008 of Ministry of 

Natural Resources and Environment on promulgating National Environmental 

Code; 

- Circular No. 16/2009/TT-BTNMT dated October 07, 2009 of Ministry of Natural 

Resources and Environment on guiding the implementation of National 

Environmental Code; 

- Circular No.25/2009/TT-BTNMT dated November 16, 2009 of Ministry of Natural 

Resources and Environment on guiding the implementation of National 

Environmental Code; 

- QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on the allowable limits 

of heavy metals in the soil; 

- QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on ambient air quality; 




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- QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on hazardous substances 

in ambient air; 

- QCVN 07: 2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on hazardous 

thresholds; 

- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on surface water quality; 

- QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT- National Technical Regulation on underground water 

quality; 

- QCVN 12:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on industrial pulp and 

paper waste water; 

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on domestic waste 

water; 

- QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on industrial waste 

water; 

- QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on pesticides residues in 

the soil; 

- QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on industrial gas 

emission of inorganic substances and dust; 

- QCVN 20: 2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on industrial gas 

emission of organic substances; 




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9.1 CONCLUSION 

9. CONCLUSION 

Adjustment of product types and production technology of Pulp and Paper Mill of 

Thanh Hoa is originated from the demands of Vietnam market for paper products in 

the next years. The target of changement of pulping technology from unbleached kraft 

pulp making from bamboo to PRC-APMP (Preconditioning Refiner Chemical- 

Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulping) technology from Eucalyptus and Acacia is 

self - supplied the pulp for FBB production. The chosen PRC-APMP technology is one 

of most advanced technology on production of Bleached Chemical -Thermo- 

Mechanical Pulping – BCTMP. By chosen PRC-APMP technology, peroxide 

compound (H 2 O 2 ) is used for replacement of NaOCl for bleaching of pulp. Thank to 

H 2 O 2 , no AOX compounds (Absorbable Organic Halogens) is formed and the 

concerns on adverse impact of AOX compounds on environment is neglected. Also 

thank to PRC-APMP technology, the process for caustic recovery is not applied and 

then lime mud should be removed completely. 

To April, 2010 the factory has completed basically the levelling and the 

construction of rock embankment, which is adjacent of the factory and Len River. 

Thanks to applying the management, engineering and supervision measures so there 

were no problem related to safety happened during construction. Although the 

specialized machinery such as excavators, bulldozers and trucks in the filling process, 

are participated in transportation but their impact to the surrounding environment is 

not significant. Because the rock is mainly taken from high-place to low-place in order 

to make a ground so the amount of left residues soil is not much. Currently, the excess 

soil is being utilized to fill the background for the construction of traffic works in the 

nearby area. During the transportation process of rock and materials, thank for the 

application of measures to clean up soil, rock and water spray according to the 

periodic along the transport routes so the regional air is not polluted. The overall 

results of environmental monitoring of air in May, 2010 conducted by the Institute of 

Environmental Technology shows that the regional air quality is clean and there is no 

variation in quality. 

Selected area of project is rural area with low economic development, clean air 

environment. According to the result of monitoring in 03/2007 and 05/2007, the 

concentration of SO 2 , CO, NO x , H 2 S and dusts is low than allowable limits in QCVN 

05:2009/BTNMT. The Len River is biggest water resource in the North of factory. For 

river section from confluence site of river at Ba Bong to Do Len Bridge (highway 1A), 

this section planed for supplying domestic and production water, developing receiving 

wharf of fuels and raw materials and discharging wastewater. Presently, this river 

section has been affected by human’s activities as irrigation in agriculture production, 

fishing and sand exploitation. Also base on observation and analysis data of water 

quality in the Len River in 3/2007 and 5/2007 at period of flood-tide and average-tide, 

change of value of analyzed parameters is very large. However, the value of analyzed 

parameters is still lower than allowable limits in QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT for water 




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quality of A2 type (excepting TSS and total of Coliform). Water quality in canal, ditch 

and rice field (at planed area to dump coal residues and sludge) polluted by 

microorganisms; the content of Coliform has charge from 4,400 MNP/100ml to 

8,400MNP/100ml. Well water at ambient resident areas of factory has also the trace of 

pollution by Coliform and E.Coli, especially for shallow water wells. 

With production capacity of factory about 100,000 tons/year for BCTM meal and 

180,000 tons/year for cardboard boxes (FBB), annually Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper 

Mill shall consume large amount of raw materials, chemicals, fuels, electrical energy 

and waters as list on table below: 

- Eucalyptus and 

Acacia 

- : 240,000 tons - AKD - : 400 tons 

- Imported Pulp - : 48,000 tons - Electricity - : 251,110,000 kWh 

- Sodium Hydroxide - : 6,500 tons - Water - : 2,899,400 m 3 

- H 2 O 2 (100%) - : 8,000 tons - Coal - : 65,400 tons 

- Na 2 SiO 3 - : 3,500 tons - LPG - : 5,280 tons 

- H 2 SO 4 - : 600 tons - Aluminum 

sulfate 

- : 543 tons 

- Coating pigment - : 11,550 tons - Urea - : 315 tons 

- Modified Starch - : 2,210 tons - H 3 PO 4 - : 471 tons 

- Limestone powder - : 2,510 tons - Polymer - : 46.5 tons 

- DTPA - : 500 tons - Defoamer - : 50 tons 

And also annually discharge amount of wastes into environment as follow: 

- Waste water: ≈ 3,030,000 m 3 ; 

- Sawdust, cover of plants: 5,280 tons; 

- Sludge of treated waste water: 7,161 tons; 

- Ashes, slag: 19,800 tons; 

Gas exhaust from boiler: 540 * 10 6 Nm 3 /year and it contains 16,350 kg of dust, 

63,765 kg of SO 2 and 588,600 kg of NO x . 

In pulp and paper production process, the component of wastewater usually 

contain the high content of residual chemicals, TSS and organic matters; and for gas 

emission containing dust, CO, NOx and SO 2 ; solid waste as sawdust, cover of plants 




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and sludge. These are significant pollution sources for environment, if we haven’t 

provide and apply suitable management measures and treatment technologies. 

Due to gas emission from the chimney of coal-fired oven is a unique emission 

source of the factory. In order to reduce discharge of emission gas into environment, 

Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill will install the system of electrostatic dust filter (with 

filter productivity about 99.95%); and adding an amount of limestone into charcoal 

oven to limit emission of SO 2 reducing productivity about 90%. Based on the results 

of spreading calculation for pollutants from the chimney of steam oven, the content of 

harmful dust (SO 2 , NO x ) in ambient air will insignificantly increase in the stage of 

production operation of factory. The results of calculation by modelling also show the 

productivity of dust filter is 99.95% and of desulphurization is 90%. For annual 

average content of dusts, NOx and SO 2 , their maximum content found at zones which 

have distance of 680m ÷ 820m from the chimney of factory, however, this value is still 

lower than allowable limits in QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT. Based on the result of 

calculation for environmental problems by modelling for dusts and SO 2 (e.g. not 

operation of emission air treatment system), showed hourly average content of dusts 

and SO 2 are very high at area which have distance from the chimney about from 510m 

to 610m. However, their maximum content at this area is only 2,432 µg/m 3 (higher 

than allowable limits in QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT are 1.5 times) and maximum content 

of SO 2 is 162 µg/m 3 (lower than allowable limits in QCVN: 2009/BTNMT). 

The NEW discharge effluent point of Thanh Hoa pulp and Paper Mill in 

downstream of Len river and far from mill site about 20 km behind the dam to prevent 

sea water enter the river will receive all the types of wastewater from Thanh Hoa Pulp 

and Paper Mill. When this factory stably operated, then amount of wastewater 

discharge into Len River are about 12,000m 3 /day; the component of treated 

wastewater as follow: T o ≤ 40 o C, pH = 6-9; TSS ≤ 45 mg/l; COD cr ≤ 90 mg/l; BOD 5 ≤ 

27 mg/l; degree of color (Pt-Co) ≤ 18 mg/l and absorbed halogen ≤ 6,1 mg/l). Thus, 

with treated wastewater quality as above, there are not significant impacts to water 

quality of Len River by discharging wastewaters of factory. Also according to the 

result of calculation on spreading of pollutants by modeling (for TSS, BOD and COD), 

the quality of treated wastewater also insignificantly impact to Len River, even lowest 

stream flows. Monitoring parameters of Len River’s water quality are still reaching 

allowable standard for type of water quality A1 – A2. However, in the case of ceased 

wastewater treatment system (e.g. treatment productivity is 0% and lowest flows), then 

Len River’s water quality will be influenced seriously, water quality is affected down 

to B2 level. To prevent water environment pollution of Len River caused by the 

problems of wastewater treatment system of Thanh Hoa PMPF, urgent pool will 

developed to store wastewaters from production activities of factory. 

9.2 PROPOSALS 

Due to development of Thanh Hoa PMPF, it leads to the increasing urbanization 

and has significant influences to the health of local peoples, especially for Chau Loc 

commune. However, in order to reduce negative influences to the health of local 




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peoples, Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill has the proposals for levels of local 

government as managing strictly the use of land and license of land use for all local 

peoples at ambient zones of mill. 

The Thanh Hoa PMPF propose to co-ordinate closely with Chau Loc People 

Committee, fatherland front in maintaining the order and security in both the stage of 

development and production operation of factory as well as solving generated 

problems base on co-operation and friendship. 

The Thanh Hoa Paper JSC propose to co-ordinate closely with environmental 

management and consultation organizations/units to train and enhance the capacity of 

factory’s staffs; to research and improve suitable and modern technologies in treating 

“Color” of waste water to satisfy discharging regulations. 

9.3 COMMITMENT 

In development of project of Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill, Thanh Hoa Paper 

Joint-Stock Company have commitment as follow: 

9.3.1 Construction stage 

− 

− 

− 

− 

− 

− 

Execute all the national current regulations in the field of basic construction. 

Apply and implement the suitable measures to reduce the environmental impacts as 

presented in Chapter 4 of this report. 

Control and manage the activities maybe cause environmental pollution by 

environmental management agencies and communities. 

Compensate the damages which cause by environmental problems of factory. 

Execute all the regulations in Vietnam’s current standards for designing and 

development of project. 

Implement the treatment of wastewater according to Vietnam’s standards as 

follow: 

• Treat the types of emission gas and dusts according to Vietnam’s standards 

as: 

o QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on 



hazardous substances in ambient air; 

o QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on 

industrial emission gas of inorganic substances and dusts 

• Manage and classify the types of wastes according to QCVN 




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07:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on hazardous waste 

thresholds; 

• Treat the types of domestic wastewater of factory according to QCVN 

14:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on domestic waste water 

(Column B); 

• Develop the measures to prevent the degree of noise under allowable level 

according to TCVN 5949-1995 - Noise - allowable limit in industrial zones. 

- Maintain financial source (budget) along with development of project to develop 

waste treatment works. 

9.3.2 Operation stage 

- Apply and implement the mitigation measures of negative environment impact 

presented part 6 of this report; 

- Control and manage the activities that could cause environmental impact by 

environmental management agencies and communities. 

- Compensate the damages which cause by environmental problems of Mills. 

- Develop and apply the measures to prevent and treated pollution; arrange technical 

staffs to oversee and operate effectively the waste treatment systems of Mills, 

ensure output data of environmental norms getting standards. 

- If any polluted environmental factor generated in operation process, Project Owner 

must report timely to management and authority organizations to provide the 

suitable measures in preventing and treating generated pollution factors. 

- Execution and implementation of waste water treatment accorded with all 

regulations and standards on environmental protection of Vietnam as follow: 

• Treatment of emission gas and dusts according to Vietnam’s standards as: 




hazardous substances in ambient air; 


industrial emission gas of inorganic substances and dusts 





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industrial gas emission of inorganic substances; 

• Management and classification of waste according to QCVN 

07:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on hazardous waste 

thresholds; 

• Treatment of domestic and industrial waste water according to QCVN 

24:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on industrial waste water 

(Column B) and QCVN 12:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation 

on industrial paper and pulp paper; 

• Develop the measures to prevent the degree of noise under allowable level 

according to TCVN 5949: 1995 - Noise - allowable limit in industrial zones. 

- Maintain financial sources (budget) along with development of project to 

construction of environmental protection works for treatment of waste; 

- Maintain financial sources (budget) to operate and maintain the systems of waste 

treatment (waste water, solid waste). 

- Thanh Hoa Paper and Paper Joint Stock Company commit to implement 

environmental monitoring program and observation as presented in the report; and 

submit the result of periodic monitoring to Thanh Hoa Resources and Environment 

Department and Ministry of Resources and Environment before June, 15 th and 

December, 15th yearly. 

- After completing the implementation of the EIA report contents and the 

requirements of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in its EIA 

approved decision, Thanh Hoa Paper JSC will submit the report to Ministry of 

Natural Resources and Environment for checking up and identifying. Operation of 

project is only allowed when report is approved by Thanh Hoa Ministry of Natural 

Resources and Environment. 

- The Thanh Hoa paper joint stock company should pay and register environment 

protect for waste water and waste; 

- The Thanh Hoa paper joint stock company should also prepare and develop the 

procedures for having of a license on exploitation of surface water and developing 

the registration profile of owner of hazardous substance source. 

- Finally, the proposals of investor for government organizations are apprising and 

approving EIA report for project “Thanh Hoa Pulps and Paper Mill” to suitable for 

project’s progress. 




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10. ANNEX: LOCATION OF PULP AND PAPER MILL, 

LAYOUT, GENERAL TECHNICAL FLOWSHEETS, 

POSITION OF SAMPLES INTAKE, SLOW SHEET OF 

SLUDGE POND, POSITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL 

SUPERVISING POINT DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE, 

POSITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISING POINT 

DURING OPERATION STAGE 




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EIA Report Thanh Hoa Pulp and Paper Mill Project, Hanoi ... - OeKB

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