STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN KOREA ...

4• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ProcessInitiation StagePreparation of Draft Statement(Article 15) (Developer)Public DisplayPublic announcementDecision-Making StageMonitoring StagePublic Hearing Process(Article 6) (Developer, Agency)Preparation of Final Statement(Article 5) (Developer)Introduction of Final Statement(Developer fi Approval Agency)Request of Consultation(Article 17) (Approval Agency fiMOE)Statement Review (Article 19) (MOE)Notice of Consultation Details (Article 20)(MOE fiApproval Agency fiDeveloper)Confirmation of Consultation Details andNotice (Article 21) (Approval Agency fi MOE)Execution of Consultation Details(Article 25) (Developer)Confirmation of Execution of ConsultationDetails (Article 26) (Approval Agency & MOE)Opinion of AgencyconcernedKorea EnvironmentInstitute (KEI)Exception(Approval Agency, Developer)Re-ConsultationModification of detailsIf not be executed;Suspension of ProjectPenalty, Fine

5• List of projects subject to the EIA (Article 4)Urban PlanningIndustrial SiteDevelopmentFIELDS11 projects7 projectsPROJECTSUrban Development, Land Organization, HousingDevelopment, Urban Renewal, Distribution Complex,Wastewater Treatment, Terminal, Educational InstitutionNational Industrial Complex, Local Industrial Complex,Industrial Complex of Rural Area, Small and MediumIndustry Area, Free Export ZoneEnergyHarbor and PortDevelopment6 projectsRoad Construction 1 project RoadDevelopment of WaterResourcesRail RoadPower Plant, Electricity Facilities, Mining Industry,Submarine Mining Industry, Facilities of Storing Oil4 projects Fishing Port, Harbor Facilities, Submarine dredge2 projects Dam, Reservoir4 projectsRailroad, City Railroad, High-Speed Railroad, CableRailway

6FIELDSAirport Construction 1 project AirportPROJECTS(continued)River 1 project River MaintenanceReclamation andLand FillingDevelopment of Resort2 projects Filling-up, Reclamation6 projectsDevelopment of Forest 3 projects Public Cemetery, GrasslandTourist Industry, Resort, Hot Spring Development, CityPark, Natural ParkConstruction of SportsFacilitiesConstruction of WastesFacilitiesConstruction of MilitaryFacilitiesExcavation Work5 projectsYouth Discipline Facilities, Discipline District, PhysicalTraining Facilities, Velodrome, Racecourse2 projects Night-soil Treatment, Waste Landfill3 projects4 projectsNational Defense Facilities, Military Installations, MilitaryAir BaseRiver and Coast, Forest, Coastal Quartz Sand, CoastalSand

7• Environmental Components for EIA- Stipulated in Act on Assessment of Impacts of Works on Environment,Traffic, Disaster, ETC. (Article 5, Presidential Decree)- Environmental components consist of 23 components in 3 categoriesCategoriesNatural EnvironmentLiving EnvironmentSocial · EconomicEnvironmentalEnvironmental ComponentsAtmospheric environment, Geology, Flora & Fauna, Marineenvironment, HydrologyLand use, Air quality, Water quality, Soil, Solid Wastes,Noise & vibration, Odor, Electric wave, Landscape,Sanitation & healthPopulation, Residence, Local industry, Public facilities,Education, Traffic, Cultural asset

8• PERS vs SEASubjects to beAssessedTiming forExecutionPublicParticipationComparison ofAlternativesItem to beAssessedMajorsupervisingagency-SEA• Includes Policy, Plan, Programme• Adopt Screening process•PPP-making Process•Generally, participation of generalpublic, stakeholders are guaranteed•Various alternatives including noactionalternatives are compared•Global sustainability•Natural resources•Local environmental quality•Action-leading agent•Competent authorityPERS• Plan, Programme•Small size development projects•Subject for PERS are stated in the law•Right before approval or confirmation of Plan orprogramme (At the stage of strategic decisions havealready been made)•Participation of general public, stakeholders are restricted•Participation of relating agencies, PERS committeeare guaranteed•Hard to compare alternatives fundamentally sincePERS is proceeded after most of strategic decisionhave been made•Mainly natural resources and local environmental quality-ecology, hydrology, water & air quality, wastemanagement, land use plan, landscape, geology- Focusing local environment•Environment authority (MOE)

9• Regulatory Basis of PERSPERSPERSAdministrativeAdministrativePlanPlanDevelopmentDevelopmentProjectsProjectsBasedBasedononFAEPFAEP 1) 1) (15)(15)BasedBasedononOtherOtherLawsLaws 2) 2) andandFAEPFAEP(31)(31)BasedBasedononFAEP(22)FAEP(22)1) FAEP : Framework Act on Environment Policy2) Individual law stipulating each administrative plan

10• PERS ProcessApplication of Approval orConfirmationPreparation of StatementRequest of ConsultationStatement ReviewNotice of Consultation DetailsConfirmation of ConsultationDetails and NoticeExecution of ConsultationDetailsCompetent Authority or Action-leading AgentAction-leading Agent(FAEP, Presidential Decree, Article25(2))Competent Authority or Action-Leading Agent(FAEP, Presidential Decree, Article25(1))Ministry of Environment(FAEP, Presidential Decree, Article)MOE ? Consultative Agency(FAEP, Presidential Decree, Article)(within 30-40days)Consultation Agency ? MOEAction-leading Agent

11q Constraints on Current EA System in Korea(Background of SEA Implementation )• Inadequacy of Systematic Environmental Considerationon Decision Making Process- Both EIA and PERS are carried out after the framework foradministrative plans and development plans has been determined.• Hard to cancel or change plan/project based on the results of EA• Hard to reflect the EA results to the planning process due toinappropriate execution timing

12- For PERS, lots of administrative plans are excluded from thelist of PPPs requiring PERS• Only 46 out of 130 administrative plans affecting development projectsare subjects for PERS• Difficult to consider environmental issues at the early stage of PPP-making• Difficult to formulate an ESSD system through EA• Limitation on Comparing of Alternatives- Most of EAs are proceeded after many strategic decisions havealready been made.• Too late to compare alternatives fundamentally• Generally insignificant factors are considered when comparingalternatives

13• Insufficient on Building Common Consent- Public participation procedure has been secured in the EIA process,however it is difficult to accept various demands• very limited range of alternatives and mitigation measures are existing,since EIA is proceeded after many strategic decisions have already beenmade• Absence of public participation procedure in the PPPs affectingdevelopment projects• Differences on awareness of EIA between public and agenciesPublic : regard EIA as a tool to cancel the implementation of projectsAgencies : regard EIA as one of administrative procedure for approval ofprojects- Public participation procedure does not included in PERS

14q Examples of EA Implementationa. Housing DevelopmentLevelPolicyPlanProgramSubjectsComprehensiveNational TerritorialPlanCity—wide RegionalPlanUrban(City) MasterPlanDistrict PlanEA Implementation/Legal BasisMinistrial Consultation (Framework Act on theDiscussion National Territory, Article 9)Ministrial Consultation (Act on Planning andUtilization on the National Territory, Article 16)Ministrial Consultation (Act on Planning andUtilization on the National Territory, Article 22)PERS (Framework Act on Environment Policy)ProjectSectoralDevelopment PlanHousing ProjectMinistrial Consultation (Act on Planning andUtilization on the National Territory, Article 49)EIA (Impact Assessment Act on Environment.Transportation and Nature Disaster, Article 4)

15b. Dam DevelopmentLevelPolicyPlanProgramSubjectsLongtime MasterPlans for WaterResourcesLong-Term Plansfor DamConstructionDesignation ofAreas Intended forDam ConstructionEA Implementation/Legal BasisMinistrial Consultation (River Act , Article 11)Ministrial Consultation (Act on Construction ofDam and Assistance etc. to other Environs, Article 4)Ministrial Consultation (Act on Construction ofDam and Assistance etc. to other Environs, Article 5)Basic Plans for DamConstructionEIA (Impact Assessment Acton Environment.Transportation and NatureDisaster, Article 4)PERS(Framework Act onEnvironment Policy)ProjectImplementationPlans for DamConstructionNo