national climate change awareness-raising workshop - UNDPCC.org

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National options • Government could establish a fund for the impacts of climate change. Other examples exist, such as the Namibian fund for wildlife conservation. A national resource for funding would be needed to offset uncertainty of international funding. Ensuring that companies or major polluters make voluntary contribution to the fund in order to get a tax break could help. The money saved from other changes to the system could be used to establish a revolving fund to pay for further efforts. • Ministry of Finance could create incentives for people/institutions undertaking adaptation and mitigation activities. • The national water company could be obligated to encourage water-conservation activities and provide incentives to users. • Increased capacity is needed for the Ministry of Finance and other planning institutions to increase the country’s chances of benefiting from investment in-flows. • There is also need to base investments on partnerships, rather than be investor driven. Currently, investors choose, then proceed. Instead, investment options need to be identified by the country. • Mainstreaming of climate change with the government is required–the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) could play a stronger role in harmonising funding requests and sharing information with all stakeholders. A full-time focal point or secretariat is needed. • Within the national planning mechanism, any areas where climate change is identified as a major threat, the requirements must be factored into national budgets. • For all measures, there is a need to have the real costs of climate change adaptation and mitigation, so that inter-sectoral discussions can take place. International options • Difficulties in accessing funds are a major problem. The African Development Bank has millions for climate, but only 5% accessed annually. Awareness raising is needed on funding opportunities. Namibian National Context Presentation by Uazamo Kaura, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Namibia Key sectors for Namibia that face impacts from climate change include agriculture, fisheries, water, livestock and health. Agriculture, which accounts for 6.5% of GDP, faces decreases in yield and a greater inter-annual variability. Livestock farming, which accounts for 8.2% of GDP, faces drought-reduced production and reproductive potential, as well as increased incidence of pests and livestock disease. For fisheries, which account for 5.3% GDP, there are multiple risks to fishery dependent communities, including export revenues losses and employment losses. These and other issues were addressed in Namibia’s second national communication, which resulted a number of outputs, including an energy review, an updated greenhouse gas inventory review, a vulnerability assessment, identification of research needs for farming systems, identification of national circumstances and identification of infrastructural support to reduce vulnerability. Some of the key recommendations from the second national communication included fuel switching for energy, water harvesting techniques for agriculture, disaster risk preparedness and awareness raising on climate change. 10
Namibian National Report on Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)–Adaptation Presentation by Dr. Juliane Zeidler, Integrated Environmental Consultants Namibia (IECN) Activities in the land use sector will play a central role in Namibia’s adaptation to climate change. The term “LULUCF” comes from the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol and includes six broad categories. Namibia, on the other hand, approaches the issue of land use in a more integrated manner that addresses all key production systems: (1) agriculture, including crops and livestock, (2) forestry, (3) fisheries (inland), (4) tourism, (5) wildlife and (6) the underlying ecosystem services. Degradation issues are critical, as the expected impacts of climate change will exacerbate already pressing environmental problems. Namibia is the most arid country in sub-Saharan Africa and already deals with climatic extremes. Some autonomous adaptation measures, such as conversion from livestock to wildlife-based farming, are already occurring. Some of the required measures for strengthening adaptation include: ensuring access to high-quality information about the impacts of climate change and carrying out vulnerability assessments; increasing the resilience of livelihoods and infrastructure using existing knowledge and coping strategies; and improving governance, including a transparent and accountable policy and decision-making process and an active civil society. Conducting an assessment of investment and financial flows for adaptation will require some key information, including: reliable information on expected impacts; the costs and benefits of action vs. inaction to make a good business case; key adaptation options to be strategized and costed; identification of opportunity cost of upgrading and climate-proofing existing investments, policies and project interventions; and information on current investments and financial in order to form a baseline. Working Group Discussion on Land Use–Adaptation What are future actions and key considerations at the national level for adaptation in the land-use sector (in terms of prioritising sectors/planning/policy development/opportunities) • Land-use zoning and integrated ecosystem management planning is critical: government is currently developing a land-use zoning strategy–but is there sufficient coordination between Ministries Government should make land available for resettlement for those currently living on marginal lands. • Promotion of indigenous land-use systems and diversification of farming are needed. In Namibia, only 10% of land is suited to intensive agriculture and many crops grown are not indigenous. Are the crops grown here are the best option for Namibia, while also addressing the issue of markets Are the crops are cost-effective in context of water • New management schemes are needed for livestock management. Owners do not change when the climate does. They still keep really large farms and herds even when the weather changes. • Reforestation with indigenous species. • Agro-tourism. Government policies that support this approach and provide ownership are needed. What are the major barriers in Namibia for implementing land use adaptation options • Capacity • Land tenure issues. People need ownership rather than communal land to create a motivational effect and the benefits of adaptation. They can also diversify rather than focusing on livestock, or remove fences to encourage migration. 11
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