Long-term release of monomers from modern dental ... - Dentsply

Monomer release from composite materials 71
Table 3
Identification masses of monomers in liquid chromatography
tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)
Substances Qualification Quantification
BisGMA 512 495
TEGDMA 287 113
UDMA 1 499 499
UDMA 2 471 471
Bisphenol A 227 227
BisGMA, bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate; TEGDMA,
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; UDMA, urethane dimethacrylate.
Results
The logarithmic values and the standard deviations of
the substances released from the three composite materials,
for each curing time and storage period, are given
in Tables 4–6.
All monomers used as reference standards could be
identified in the ethanol samples of the composite
materials. However, differences were found in the type of
monomers released from each material. BisGMA,
TEGDMA, BPA, and one form of UDMA (UDMA 2)
could be detected in the ethanol samples of Filtek
Supreme XT. BisGMA, TEGDMA, and Bisphenol A
were released from Ceram X; and only BisGMA and
TEGDMA were detected from samples of Clearfil Core.
The amount of BisGMA eluted was always significantly
higher (P < 0.0001) than the amount of TEG-
DMA eluted, regardless of curing time, type of material,
and storage period. According to the statistical analysis
there was a significant difference between the two lightcured
resin composites (P < 0.0001). More BisGMA
and TEGDMA were released from Filtek Supreme XT
compared with Ceram X for each storage time tested.
For these two monomers, the following results were
obtained.
For Filtek Supreme XT, the curing time had a significant
effect on the elution of monomers (P < 0.0001). A
smaller amount of monomers was released after
increasing the polymerization time. However, a curing
time of 80 s did not seem to reduce the elution of
monomers compared with a curing time of 40 s. The
elution of monomers differed significantly during the
storage periods (24 h until 1 yr) (P < 0.0001). During
storage, the release of TEGDMA decreased significantly,
whereas the amount of BisGMA released from the
polymerized samples remained high, even 1 yr after
curing.
For Ceram X, the curing time exerted a significant
effect on the elution of BisGMA and TEGDMA
(P = 0.0004). Curing for 80 s resulted in the release of a
significantly higher amount of monomers. The amount
of BisGMA and TEGDMA released from Ceram X was
significantly influenced by the storage time of the composite
samples (P = 0.01). However, the effect of the
storage time was significantly different for the two
Table 4
Filtek Supreme XT: log values of the concentration ± standard deviation (SD)
24 h 7 d 28 d 1 yr
0s
BisGMA 3.52 ± 0.03 2.22 ± 0.1 1.94 ± 0.26 1.13 ± 0.14
TEGDMA 2.7 ± 0.025 2.67 ± 0.08 1.12 ± 0.54 0.48 ± 0.15
UDMA 1 ND ND ND ND
UDMA 2 2.14 ± 0.03 1.64 ± 0.03 0.7 ± 0.35 1.07 ± 0.18
Bisphenol A ND ND ND
20 s
BisGMA 2.01 ± 0.14 1.59 ± 0.1 1.59 ± 0.07 1.95 ± 0.07
TEGDMA 1.4 ± 0.25 1.16 ± 0.42 0.75 ± 0.05 0.59 ± 0.07
UDMA 1 ND ND ND ND
UDMA 2 1.3 ± 0.08 0.65 ± 0.06 0.67 ± 0.06 2.16 ± 0.04
Bisphenol A ND ND ND ND
40 s
BisGMA 1.82 ± 0.06 1.36 ± 0.11 1.43 ± 0.08 1.9 ± 0.06
TEGDMA 1.16 ± 0.42 1.21 ± 0.07 0.66 ± 0.03 0.55 ± 0.09
UDMA 1 ND ND ND ND
UDMA 2 1.14 ± 0.06 0.44 ± 0.1 0.54 ± 0.05 2.12 ± 0.08
Bisphenol A ND ND ND ND
80 s
BisGMA 1.76 ± 0.06 1.22 ± 0.09 1.16 ± 0.3 1.69 ± 0.28
TEGDMA 1.1 ± 0.11 1.07 ± 0.13 0.55 ± 0.19 0.41 ± 0.18
UDMA 1 ND ND ND ND
UDMA 2 1.04 ± 0.06 0.29 ± 0.09 0.36 ± 0.02 1.84 ± 0.47
Bisphenol A ND ND ND ND
Logarithmic (log) values of the concentration and SDs of the monomers released from Filtek Supreme XT.
BisGMA, bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate; ND, not detected; TEGDMA, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; UDMA, urethane
dimethacrylate.