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• Other characters common to gnathostomes: – An additional duplication of Hox genes – An enlarged forebrain associated with enhanced smell and vision – In aquatic gnathostomes, the lateral line system, which is sensitive to vibrations
Fossil Gnathostomes • The earliest gnathostomes in the fossil record are an extinct lineage of armored <strong>vertebrates</strong> called placoderms
Page 1 and 2: Overview: Half a Billion Years of B
Page 3 and 4: Concept 34.1: Chordates have a noto
Page 5 and 6: Fig. 34-3 Muscle segments Notochord
Page 7 and 8: Fig. 34-4 Cirri 2 cm Mouth Pharynge
Page 9 and 10: Early Chordate Evolution • Ancest
Page 11 and 12: Concept 34.2: Craniates are chordat
Page 13 and 14: Fig. 34-7 Dorsal edges of neural pl
Page 15: The Origin of Craniates • Fossils
Page 19 and 20: Hagfishes • The least derived sur
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 34-9 Slime glands
Page 23 and 24: Derived Characters of Vertebrates
Page 25 and 26: Fig. 34-UN4 Cephalochordata Urochor
Page 27 and 28: Fossils of Early Vertebrates • Co
Page 29 and 30: • Other armored, jawless vertebra
Page 31 and 32: Origins of Bone and Teeth • Miner
Page 33: Fig. 34-13-3 Gill slits Cranium Mou
Page 37 and 38: • Another group of jawed vertebra
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 34-UN5 Cephalochordata Urochor
Page 41 and 42: Fig. 34-15b (b) Southern stingray (
Page 43 and 44: • Shark eggs are fertilized inter
Page 45 and 46: Fig. 34-16 Brain Spinal cord Swim b
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 34-17b (b) Clownfish (Amphipri
Page 49 and 50: Fig. 34-17d (d) Fine-spotted moray
Page 51 and 52: Fig. 34-18
Page 53 and 54: Derived Characters of Tetrapods •
Page 55 and 56: Fig. 34-19 Bones supporting gills T
Page 57 and 58: Amphibians • Amphibians (class Am
Page 59 and 60: Fig. 34-21b (b) Order Anura
Page 61 and 62: • Amphibian means “both ways of
Page 63 and 64: Derived Characters of Amniotes •
Page 65 and 66: Early Amniotes • Living amphibian
Page 67 and 68: Fig. 34-26
Page 69: The Origin and Evolutionary Radiati
Page 83 and 84: Derived Characters of Birds • Man
Page 85 and 86:
The Origin of Birds • Birds proba
Page 87 and 88:
Concept 34.7: Mammals are amniotes
Page 89 and 90:
Fig. 34-31 Temporal fenestra Jaw jo
Page 91 and 92:
Fig. 34-32
Page 93 and 94:
Fig. 34-33a (a) A young brushtail p
Page 95 and 96:
Eutherians (Placental Mammals) •
Page 115 and 116:
Fig. 34-37 ANCESTRAL PRIMATE Lemurs
Page 117 and 118:
• The first monkeys evolved in th
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vertebrates

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