1/15 © Copyrighted Material Spanish Final Study Sheet Ser vs. Estar ...

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Note: Verbs with these spelling changes are identified in the end
vocabulary by (z) or (zc) after the infinitive.
d. Common Verbs with Spelling Changes
1. –cer Verbs (like ofrecer)
agradecer—to thank for nacer—to be born parecer—to seem
aparecer—to appear obedecer—to obey permanecer—to remain
conocer—to know ofrecer—to offer pertenecer—to belong
desaparecer—to disappear padecer—to suffer reconocer—to recognize
merecer—to deserve
2. –cer Verbs (like venecer)
convenecer—to convince ejercer—to exercise venecer—to conquer
3. –cir Verbs
conducir—to lead reducir—to reduce producir—to produce
traducir—to translate
Note: The verbs hacer and decir are exceptions
[10] Verbs Ending in –ger and –gir
a. Most verbs whose infinitives end in –ger and –gir have the ending –jo in the
first-person singular of the present tense.
b. This pattern occurs to preserve the original sound in accordance with the rules
for Spanish pronunciation.
Note: Verbs with these spelling changes are identified in the end
vocabulary by (j) after the infinitive.
c. Common –ger and –gir Verbs
coger—to catch recoger—to pick up dirigirse—to address
escoger—to choose corregir (i)—to correct proteger—to protect
dirigir—to direct elegir (i)—to elect
[11] Verbs Ending in –guir
a. Most verbs whose infinitive end in –guir have the ending –go in the first-person
singular of the present tense.
b. This pattern occurs to preserve the original sound in accordance with the rule
for Spanish pronunciation.
Note: Verbs with these spelling changes are identified in the end
vocabulary by (g) after the infinitive.
c. Common –guir Verbs
conseguir (i)—to get perseguir (i)—to pursue distinguir—to distinguish
seguir (i)—to follow extinguir—to extinguish
Verbs Irregular in the Present Tense
[1] Verbs With Irregular Yo Forms
a. In the present tense, the following verbs have irregular yo forms:
caber—to fit quepo
dar—to give doy
hacer—to do hago
poner—to put pongo
saber—to know sé
salir—to go out salgo
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